International conference paper presentations: A multimodal analysis to determine effectiveness

International conference presentations represent one of the biggest challenges for academics using English as a Lingua Franca (ELF). This paper aims to initiate exploration into the multimodal academic discourse of oral presentations, including the verbal, written, non-verbal material (NVM) and body language modes. It offers a Systemic Functional Linguistic (SFL) and multimodal framework of presentations to enhance mixed-disciplinary ELF academics' awareness of what needs to be taken into account to communicate effectively at conferences. The model is also used to establish evaluation criteria for the presenters' talks and to carry out a multimodal discourse analysis of four well-rated 20-min talks, two from the technical sciences and two from the social sciences in a workshop scenario. The findings from the analysis and interviews indicate that: (a) a greater awareness of the mode affordances and their combinations can lead to improved performances; (b) higher reliance on the visual modes can compensate for verbal deficiencies; and (c) effective speakers tend to use a variety of modes that often overlap but work together to convey specific meanings. However, firm conclusions cannot be drawn on the basis of workshop presentations, and further studies on the multimodal analysis of ‘real conferences’ within specific disciplines are encouraged.

Social networks in cultural industries

Although cultural industries can benefit from social networks in many ways, few Spanish studies examine the extent to which firms within this economic sector actually use such networks. This study's objective is to investigate the role of online social networks in Spanish cultural firms. The study begins with a literature review on cultural industries and social networks. Then the study proceeds to a Delphi analysis that draws upon experts' opinions. Results reveal a predominance of utilitarian uses over expressive ones, as well as an overriding use of proactive motivations rather than reactive ones within the context of cultural firms' use of social networks. The study confirms the profitability of these networks and the transfer of influence or power from providers to the consumers of cultural goods and services.

Femicidio y feminicidio: un análisis de las aportaciones en clave iberoamericana

La violencia contra las mujeres es una lacra de nuestra sociedad que no se consigue erradicar. En su versión extrema e irreversible terminar con la muerte de la víctima. Desde mediados de la década de los años 70, del siglo pasado y de la mano de Diane Russell se visibilizaron los femicidios como el asesinato de una mujer por el hecho de ser mujer. Posteriormente, en los años 90, Marcela Lagarde crea el neologismo feminicidio al traducir la obra de Rusell al español. Desde entonces ambos términos han creado un espacio de conocimiento, de investigación y de acción política. El propósito de este trabajo es averiguar cómo se ha abordado el femicidio / feminicidio en las ciencias sociales en el contexto iberoamericano. Para ello se ha optado por una revisión de la literatura especializada en español y en portugués, analizando el tratamiento que reciben así como el alcance de los términos.

La política editorial antifraude de las revistas científicas españolas e iberoamericanas del JCR en Ciencias Sociales

El proceso de publicación de un artículo debe basarse en la credibilidad, la verdad y la autenticidad. La inclusión de normas éticas en la política editorial científica se concibe como una medida preventiva y disuasoria de conductas inapropiadas. Dada la escasez de estudios sobre ética y publicación científica en Ciencias Sociales y, en particular, en España e Iberoamérica, esta investigación analiza la política editorial antifraude de las revistas españolas y latinoamericanas indexadas en el JCR en Ciencias Sociales (2014). Para cumplir nuestro objetivo, se utilizaron como muestra objeto de estudio 104 revistas y en las instrucciones a autores se examinaron una serie de principios de actuación ética: 1) Derechos de las personas que participan en la investigación; 2) Protección del bienestar de los animales objeto de experimentación; 3) Conflicto de interés; 4) Envío y publicación de manuscritos. Nuestros resultados apuntan que el carácter inédito de la investigación, así como la prohibición del envío simultáneo de los trabajos a otras revistas son los temas que aparecen con más frecuencia. Pese al intento de sociedades de edición científica como ICMJE y COPE por estandarizar los asuntos que afectan al fraude en la ciencia, su incidencia es exigua en las publicaciones objeto de estudio. Dada la dispersión normativa analizada, se retoma la necesidad detectada por otros autores de desarrollar un código ético uniforme para las disciplinas de Ciencias Sociales.

(Table 1) Granulometry, soil pH, carbonate content and color description of soil profiles obtained in Xinghai, Tibet

Large parts of the eastern half of the Tibetan Plateau are covered between (3,500) 4,000 and nearly 6,000 m a.s.l. by alpine sedge mats (key species Kobresia pygmea), which attain an extension of ca. 450,000 km**2. It is considered to be the world's largest alpine ecosystem. Moreover, there exist isolated (relic) forests in the same area up to an altitude of 4,700 m a.s.l. mainly consisting of juniper (Juniperus) and spruce (Picea). Large parts of the Kobresia ecosystem are expected to be a grazing-resistant replacement formation, replacing forests and grass-dominated plant communities due to human and/or climatic impact. Recently, a research project was launched to increase knowledge about the properties and genesis of these forests and sedge mats (Present-day dynamics and Holocene landscape history of fragmented forest biocoenoses in Tibet; headed by G. Miehe, Marburg).

Ocularcentrism and its others: A framework for metatheoretical analysis

There is a contemporary scepticism towards vision-based metaphors in management and organization studies that reflects a more general pattern across the social sciences. In short, there has been a shift away from ocularcentrism. This shift provides a useful basis for metatheoretical analysis of the philosophical discourse that informs organizational analysis. The article begins by briefly discussing the vision-generated, vision-centred interpretation of knowledge, truth, and reality that has characterized the western philosophical tradition. Taking late 18th-century rationalism as the high-point of ocularcentrism, the article then presents a metatheoretical framework based on three trajectories that critiques of ocularcentrism have subsequently taken. The first exposes the limits of the metaphor by, paradoxically, taking it to its limits. The second trajectory seeks to displace the primordial position of the ocular metaphor and replace it with an alternative lexicon based on other human senses. Last, the third trajectory describes how the Enlightenment ocular characterization of the visual and mental worlds has effectively been inverted in the postmodern moment.

Qualitative Comparative Analysis as a Tool for Concept Clarification, Typology Building, and Contextualized Comparisons in Gender and Feminist Research

Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) is a method for the systematic analysis of cases. A holistic view of cases and an approach to causality emphasizing complexity are some of its core features. Over the last decades, QCA has found application in many fields of the social sciences. In spite of this, its use in feminist research has been slower, and only recently QCA has been applied to topics related to social care, the political representation of women, and reproductive politics. In spite of the comparative turn in feminist studies, researchers still privilege qualitative methods, in particular case studies, and are often skeptical of quantitative techniques (Spierings 2012). These studies show that the meaning and measurement of many gender concepts differ across countries and that the factors leading to feminist success and failure are context specific. However, case study analyses struggle to systematically account for the ways in which these forces operate in different locations.

Pecados y virtudes de las ciencias sociales: Una contribución al debate

Hace un breve recuento de las Ciencias Sociales en América Latina, situando sus principales momentos. Enfoca la crisis de las Ciencias Sociales como una crisis paradigmática del marxismo y resalta la necesidad de repensar el papel de las Ciencias Sociales ante un actual escenario signado por la complejidad y la incertidumbre. Plantea algunas posibilidades que se abren como virtudes en las Ciencias Sociales: la interdisciplinariedad, un nuevo perfil profesional, la transformación social, el conocimiento de la realidad como instrumento de lucha, el develamiento de la realidad y la capacidad prepositiva. Abstract The article does a brief review of the Social Sciences in Latin America stating its main moments. Addresses the Social Sciences crisis as a paradigmatical crisis of Marxism and emphasizes the need to re-think the role of the Social Sciences in the current world situation marked by complexity as well as uncertainty. The article also proposes certain posibilities that are presented as virtues of the Social Sciences: the interdisciplinary approach, the new professional profile, the social trasnformation, the knowledge of the reality as a tool for struggle and the unveiling of the reality and the prepositive capacity.

Padrões de comunicação científica nas ciências sociais : a interdisciplinaridade entre economia, ciência política, sociologia e antropologia

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciência da Informação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Informação, 2015.

Using Research Methods in Human Computer Interaction to Design Technology for Resilience

Research in human computer interaction (HCI) covers both technological and human behavioural concerns. As a consequence, the contributions made in HCI research tend to be aware to either engineering or the social sciences. In HCI the purpose of practical research contributions is to reveal unknown insights about human behaviour and its relationship to technology. Practical research methods normally used in HCI include formal experiments, field experiments, field studies, interviews, focus groups, surveys, usability tests, case studies, diary studies, ethnography, contextual inquiry, experience sampling, and automated data collection. In this paper, we report on our experience using the evaluation methods focus groups, surveys and interviews and how we adopted these methods to develop artefacts: either interface’s design or information and technological systems. Four projects are examples of the different methods application to gather information about user’s wants, habits, practices, concerns and preferences. The goal was to build an understanding of the attitudes and satisfaction of the people who might interact with a technological artefact or information system. Conversely, we intended to design for information systems and technological applications, to promote resilience in organisations (a set of routines that allow to recover from obstacles) and user’s experiences. Organisations can here also be viewed within a system approach, which means that the system perturbations even failures could be characterized and improved. The term resilience has been applied to everything from the real estate, to the economy, sports, events, business, psychology, and more. In this study, we highlight that resilience is also made up of a number of different skills and abilities (self-awareness, creating meaning from other experiences, self-efficacy, optimism, and building strong relationships) that are a few foundational ingredients, which people should use along with the process of enhancing an organisation’s resilience. Resilience enhances knowledge of resources available to people confronting existing problems.

Understanding social media in everyday life: Ethnomethodological and conversation analytic perspectives

Over the last decade, social media has become a hot topic for researchers of collaborative technologies (e.g., CSCW). The pervasive use of social media in our everyday lives provides a ready source of naturalistic data for researchers to empirically examine the complexities of the social world. In this talk I outline a different perspective informed by ethnomethodology and conversation analysis (EMCA) - an orientation that has been influential within CSCW, yet has only rarely been applied to social media use. EMCA approaches can complement existing perspectives through articulating how social media is embedded in everyday life, and how its social organisation is achieved by users of social media. Outlining a possible programme of research, I draw on a corpus of screen and ambient audio recordings of mobile device use to show how EMCA research can be generative for understanding social media through concepts such as adjacency pairs, sequential context, turn allocation / speaker selection, and repair. In doing so, I also raise questions about existing studies of social media use and the way they characterise interactional phenomena.

Genetic Basis and Diagnostics of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases among Enterobacteriaceae in Finland

Since the introduction of antibiotic agents, the amount and prevalence of Beta-lactam resistant enterobacteria has become an increasing problem. Many enterobacteria are opportunistic pathogens that easily acquire resistance mechanisms and genes, which make the situation menacing. These bacteria have acquired resistance and can hydrolyse extended spectrum cephalosporins and penicillins by producing enzymes called extended-spectrum Beta-lactamases (ESBLs). ESBL-producing bacteria are most commonly found in the gastro-intestinal tract of colonised patients. These resistant strains can be found in both health-care associated and community-acquired isolates. The detection and treatment of infections caused by bacteria producing ESBLs are problematic. This study investigated the genetic basis of extended-spectrum Beta-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae, especially in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. A total of 994 Finnish Enterobacteriaceae strains, collected at 26 hospital laboratories, during 2000 and 2007 were analysed. For the genetic basis studies, PCR, sequencing and pyrosequencing methods were optimised. In addition, international standard methods, the agar dilution and disk diffusion methods were performed for the resistance studies, and the susceptibility of these strains was tested for antimicrobial agents that are used for treating patients. The genetic analysis showed that bla_CTX-M was the most prevalent gene among the E. coli isolates, while blaS_HV-12 was the most common Beta-lactamase gene in K. pneumoniae. The susceptibility testing results showed that about 60% of the strains were multidrug resistant. The prevalence of ESBL-producing isolates in Finland has been increasing since 2000. However, the situation in Finland is still much better than in many other European countries.

History of architectural development.

Includes bibliographies.

Asbestin tunnistaminen keinonenällä

Asbesti on yleisnimike kuitumaisille silikaattimineraaleille. Sillä on monia hyviä ominaisuuksia. Siksi sitä on käytetty useisiin eri käyttötarkoituksiin jo yli 4 000 vuoden ajan. Sisäänhengitettynä asbesti aiheuttaa kuitenkin vakavia terveyshaittoja, mm. asbestoosia, keuhkosyöpää ja mesotelioomaa. Vuosina 1918-1988 Suomessa käytettiin asbestia 300 000 tonnia. Yleisintä käyttö oli 1960-70-lukujen vaihteessa. Sairauksien viive altistumisesta on 10-40 vuotta. Sairauksien esiintyminen onkin nyt suurimmillaan. Suurin osa sairauksista on hyvänlaatuisia keuhkopussin paksuuntumia eli plakkeja. Vuosittain asbestin aiheuttamiin sairauksiin, etupäässä syöpiin, kuolee Suomessa noin 100 ihmistä. Yhteensä altistuneita arvellaan olevan 250 000. Heistä elossa on noin 50 000. Vaarallisuutensa vuoksi asbestin käyttö on useissa maissa kielletty, mutta maailmalla sitä käytetään edelleen suuria määriä. Suomessa asbestin käyttöä rajoitettiin jo 1970-luvulla. Pieniä poikkeuksia lukuun ottamatta täyskielto tuli voimaan 1.1.1994. Suomessa asbestia esiintyy edelleen vanhoissa rakennuksissa. Asbestipurkutyö on luvanvaraista. Asbestitöissä on huolehdittava siitä, että kukaan ei altistu asbestille. Asbestipitoisen materiaalin tunnistaminen silmämääräisesti on vaikeaa. Materiaali luokitellaan asbestipitoiseksi, jos siinä on asbestia yli 1 painoprosenttia tai jos sitä voidaan pölyävyytensä takia pitää vaarallisena. Asbestipitoisen materiaalin kartoituksessa voidaan käyttää rakennussuunnitelmia, vanhoja asiakirjoja kuten urakoitsijan laskuja sekä tuntemusta rakennusajan yleisistä rakennustavoista. Varmuus saadaan kuitenkin vain tutkimalla materiaali esimerkiksi laboratoriokokeissa. Tässä diplomityössä on pyritty selvittämään, voidaanko asbesti tunnistaa ChemPro 100 -keinonenällä. Laite perustuu ioniliikkuvuusspektrometriaan eli eri yhdisteiden erilaiseen liikkuvuuteen kaasumaisessa väliaineessa. Menetelmä on nopea ja yksinkertainen. Tutkimusta varten hankittiin asbestipitoisia materiaaleja, joista saatuja tuloksia vertailtiin toisiinsa. Nykyiset asbestintunnistusmenetelmät ovat monimutkaisia ja hitaita. Jos keinonenä pystyttäisiin kouluttamaan tunnistamaan asbestimateriaali, helpottaisi se asbestikartoituksen tekemistä.