Efecto de la suplementación con alimento vivo en el desempeño productivo del pez disco (Symphysodon aequefaciatus)

Bogotá (Colombia): Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Programa de Zootecnia

Casa de embalagem de placas planas recicladas e tetra pak®: alternativa econômica e viável para a produção integrada de morango.

De acordo com Brasil (1997a, 1997b), as áreas de manipulação de alimento, como as Casas de embalagens de morango, devem atender a uma série de critérios. Os pisos devem ser de material resistente ao trânsito, impermeáveis, laváveis, antiderrapantes, não possuírem frestas e serem fáceis de limpar ou desinfetar. As superfícieis devem ser de material de fácil higienização. Atualmente, na região produtora de morango de Atibaia e Jarinu (SP), grande parte das Casas de embalagem convencionais são precárias, feitas somente de uma estrutura de madeira sem revestimento, coberta por folhas de Tetra Pak® e chão de terra-batida. Essas Casas não oferecem as condições mínimas de higiene previstas pelas Portarias mencionadas nem nas Normas Técnicas Específicas da Produção Integrada de Morango - NTE-PIMo (BRASIL, 2008), que estão sendo adotadas por um grupo de produtores da região. Devido ao fato do chão não ser lavável e as madeiras não receberem tratamento, as construções inadequadas podem se transformar em locais de propagação de patógenos, colocando em risco a segurança do morango embalado. No entanto, a falta de recursos financeiros dos pequenos produtores limita a compra de materiais ideais e de alto custo (aço inoxidável, por exemplo), a serem utilizados na construção. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma proposta de construção de uma Casa de embalagem simples, economicamente viável e que atenda minimamente às normas e portarias mencionadas, usando materiais de baixo custo e disponíveis na região.

Dentisteria minimamente invasiva: microdureza do esmalte após tratamento com a técnica de microabrasão e Icon®

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz

Desenvolvimento e caracterização de compósitos poli(tereftalato de etileno) reciclado (PET reciclado) com flocos de vidro.

The growing concern with the solid residues management, observed in the last decade, due to its huge amount and impact, has motivated the search for recycling processes, where these residues can be reprocessed to generate new products, enlarging the cycle of materials and energy which are present. Among the polymeric residues, there is poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET). PET is used in food packaging, preferably in the bottling of carbonated beverages. The reintegration of post-consumer PET in half can be considered a productive action mitigation of environmental impacts caused by these wastes and it is done through the preparation of several different products at the origin, i.e. food packaging, with recycling rates increasing to each year. This work focused on the development and characterization mechanical, thermal, thermo-mechanical, dynamic mechanical thermal and morphology of the pure recycled PET and recycled PET composites with glass flakes in the weight fraction of 5%, 10% and 20% processed in a single screw extruder, using the following analytical techniques: thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), tensile, Izod impact, Rockwell hardness, Vicat softening temperature, melt flow rate, burn rate, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of thermal analysis and mechanical properties leading to a positive evaluation, because in the thermograms the addition of glass flakes showed increasing behavior in the initial temperatures of thermal decomposition and melting crystalline, Furthermore was observed growing behavior in the mechanical performance of polymer composites, whose morphological structure was observed by SEM, verifying a good distribution of glass flakes, showing difference orientation in the center and in the surface layer of test body of composites with 10 and 20% of glass flakes. The results of DMTA Tg values of the composites obtained from the peak of tan ä showed little reductions due to poor interfacial adhesion between PET and recycled glass flakes.

Growth, feed intake, survival, and histological response of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei fed diets containing grains naturally contaminated with aflatoxin = Crecimiento, consumo de alimento, supervivencia y respuesta histológica del camarón blanco Litopenaeus vannamei alimentado con dietas de granos contaminados naturalmente con aflatoxinas

Two feeding trials were carried out to evaluate the effect of diets containing corn or peanut grains naturally contaminated with aflatoxins on the growth, feed intake, survival, and histological response of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. In trial 1, four experimental diets were formulated to contain 0, 500, 1000, and 2000 g kg–1 of total aflatoxins (TA) and fed to L. vannamei juveniles for 28 days. In trial 2, six experimental diets were formulated to contain 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 120 g kg–1 TA and fed to L. vannamei juveniles for 64 days. Feed intake and weight gain were significantly affected by the presence of aflatoxins from naturally contaminated grains. Feed conversion rate increased significantly from a level of inclusion of 60 g kg–1. Survival was significantly reduced only for shrimp fed diets supplemented with 1000 and 2000 g kg–1 TA. Shrimp exposed to higher aflatoxin inclusion levels presented significantly lower lipid vacuole levels in R-cells (12–28%), lower B-cell activity, and lower mitotic E-cell activity. Tubular epithelial atrophy increased from the inclusion level of 20 g kg–1. Hepatopancreatocyte sloughing was significantly higher in shrimp fed diets supplemented with 1000 and 2000 g kg–1 TA. It is worth noting that shrimp fed 40 g kg–1 TA presented a high hepatopancreatocyte sloughing coefficient. Based on these results we conclude that the presence of aflatoxins, even at low levels, reduces feed intake and weight gain, and alters the cells of the hepatopancreas. RESUMEN. Se llevaron a cabo dos bioensayos para evaluar el efecto de granos de maíz y maní contaminados naturalmente con aflatoxinas sobre el crecimiento, consumo de alimento, supervivencia y daños histológicos de juveniles del camarón blanco Litopenaeus vannamei. Para el bioensayo 1, se formularon cuatro dietas con 0, 500, 1000 y 2000 g kg–1 de aflatoxinas totales (AT) y se proporcionaron a juveniles de L. vannamei durante 28 días. Para el bioensayo 2, se formularon seis dietas con 0, 10, 20, 40, 60 y 120 g kg–1 AT y se proporcionaron a juveniles de L. vannamei durante 64 días. El consumo de alimento fue significativamente afectado por la presencia de aflatoxinas. La tasa de conversión alimenticia incrementó significativamente a partir de un nivel de inclusión de 60 g kg–1. La supervivencia fue significativamente reducida solamente en los camarones que fueron alimentados con las dietas suplementadas con 1000 y 2000 g kg–1 AT. Los camarones expuestos a los niveles de inclusión altos presentaron un menor nivel de vacuolas lipídicas en las células R (12–28%), y una menor actividad de las células B y de la actividad mitótica de las células E. La atrofia de los túbulos del epitelio se incrementó a partir de un nivel de inclusión de 20 g kg–1. La descamación de las células del hepatopáncreas fue significativamente mayor en camarones alimentados con las dietas suplementadas con 1000 y 2000 g kg–1 AT, mientras que para las dosis bajas no se observaron diferencias significativas, aunque en camarones alimentados a partir de 40 g kg–1 AT se observa un coeficiente de descamación alto. Con base en los resultados, se concluye que la presencia de aflatoxinas, incluso a niveles bajos, reduce el consumo de alimento y el aumento de peso y altera las células del hepatopáncreas.

El alimento que vive en el frío : pistas para congelarlo y conservarlo

Fondo Margaritainés Restrepo

Efeito do tipo de alimento no desempenho produtivo de juvenis de acará-bandeira (Pterophyllum scalare)

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of food type on growth performance and water quality of angelfish juvenile. A total of 168 angelfish Pterophyllum scalare var. marble (w(i) = 151.3 +/- 37.9 mg e l(i) = 2.2 +/- 0.07 cm) were distributed in 12 aquaria 14 L (1.0 fish L(-1)). The experiment was conducted in a complete randomized design with three treatments and four replicates. Foods evaluated were: Artemia nauplii, commercial flakes diet and commercial powder diet. Fish weight and length were recorded in the beginning and the end of 60 experimental days. Water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and total ammonia were monitored during experiment. Best averages of final weight, final length, weight gain and condition factor were observed on fish fed powder diet. Specific growth rate, weight uniformity and survival were not influenced (p > 0.05) by food type. Just on length uniformity fish fed Artemia showed better averages than fish fed flakes diet and powder diet. Foods evaluated did not influenced (p > 0.05) on water quality parameters. In conclusion, for juvenile angelfish, the food type influences growth performance without affect water quality parameters. Powder diet resulted in better growth performance.

Efeito da disponibilidade de alimento no investimento maternal de Volatinia jacarina (Aves : Thraupidae)

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Ecologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, 2016.

Biologia de Doryctobracon brasiliensis (Szépligeti, 1911) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) em diferentes fontes de alimento.

2015

Ação do 1-MCP e do MeJa sobre a incidência de podridões em uvas 'Itália' minimamente processadas.

2011

Doenças transmitidas por alimento: infecção por salmonellas

Doença infecciosa, autolimitante causada por alimentos infectantes, salmonela, que acomete o homem e os animais cujos sintomas são: febre, diarreia, vômitos, escalofrios, dores abdominais, cólicas. Apresenta um período de incubação em media de 18 horas podendo variar entre 8 e 42 horas. O agente etiológico, salmonela, na maioria das vezes pode ser encontrada em alimentos de origem animal, com uma maior frequência os ovos. Dentre as toxiinfecções, gastroenterites, as causadas por salmonelas são as mais incidentes.

Competição larval em Chrysomya megacephala (F.) (Diptera: Calliphoridae): efeitos de diferentes níveis de agregação larval sobre estimativas de peso, fecundidade e investimento reprodutivo

In insects that utilize patchy and ephemeral resources for feeding and egg laying, the outcome of larval competition for food resources depends on the amount of resources and the spatial distribution of immatures among patches of food. In the present study, the results of larval competition for food in Chrysomya megacephala, in traits such as female weight, fecundity and reproductive investment, were different in situations where the level of larval aggregation (proportion of competitors per amount of food) was the same, but with densities of competitors and amounts of food proportionally different. These results are indicative that the larval competition may depend both on the larval density and the amount of food, in different situations with the same proportion of larvae per gram of food.

Indicadores de bem-estar baseados em reações comportamentais de matrizes pesadas

Knowing the importance that the poultry industry represents for the Brazilian economy, this work, searched to understand and to identify new welfare pointers inherent to the animal that contributed for the increase of the productive effectiveness, studying different behavior reactions in broiler breeders, in climatic chamber. The experiment was delineated as a Latin Square 3x3x3, where the variable: temperature of air, birds ration and birds age had been controlled. The birds of different ages had been lodged in distinct boxes. Observations of the behavior of the birds in two schedules of the day had been made, being one in the morning and the other one in the afternoon, during a period of 15 minutes each through video cameras, installed in the ceiling of the climatic chamber, having no interference of human being in the register of the data. It was verified the influence of the controlled variables in diverse observed behaviors where it was concluded that the presence of food resulted in bigger occurrences of aggressiveness reactions.