PHASE-SEPARATION IN ANHYDRIDE-CURED EPOXY-RESIN CONTAINING PHENOLPHTHALEIN POLY(ETHER ETHER KETONE)

Dynamic mechanical analysis and scanning electron microscopy were used to study phase separation of three blends of anhydride-cure bisphenol-A-type epoxy resin with phenolphthalein poly(ether ether ketone). Phase separation was observed for all the blends. The overall compatibility and the resulting morphology of the cured blends are dependent on the choice of cure agent. The phenomena have been discussed from the points of view of both thermodynamics and kinetics. The effects of the choice of hardener on phase separation are considered to be primarily due to differences between the chemical natures of the hardeners.

稀土-其它过渡金属混合催化剂用于共轭双烯烃的聚合——Ⅲ.关于两种活性中心及其聚合机理的探讨

研究了(NdCl_3+FeCl_3)r phen-HA_2(i-Bu)_2体系聚合丁二烯。通过固定催化剂中稀土(或铁)含量而改变铁(或稀土)含量的方法,证明了此聚合体系中存在两种不同的对丁二烯聚合有很高催化活性的活性中心,即能使丁二烯聚合成高顺式产物的Nd活性中心,和使丁二烯聚合成几乎是等二元(cis-1,4和1,2构型),聚合物的Fe活性中心。所得产物具确两个T_g和产物分级后可得到cis-1,4为92％和1,2含量为54％的级分,为以上结论也提供了旁证。两种活性中心的催化活性受铝比、聚合温度等的影响,稀土活性体对聚合条件比过渡金属活性体有较宽的适应范围。对其聚合机理进行了探讨,认为两种活性中心分别按各自的聚合机理进行聚合反应。

Genetic linkage map of bay scallop, Argopecten irradians irradians (Lamarck 1819)

The bay scallop (Argopecten irradians irradians Lamarck 1819) has become one of the most important aquaculture species in China. Genetic improvement of cultured bay scallop can benefit greatly from a better understanding of its genome. In this study, we developed amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and simple sequence repeat markers from expressed sequence tags (EST-SSRs) for linkage analysis in bay scallop. Segregation of 390 AFLP and eight SSR markers was analysed in a mapping population of 97 progeny. Of the AFLP markers analysed, 326 segregated in the expected 1:1 Mendelian ratio, while the remaining 74 (or 19.0%) showed significant deviation, with 33 (44.6%) being deficient in heterozygotes (A/a). Among the eight polymorphic EST-SSR loci, one marker (12.5%) was found skewing from its expected Mendelian ratios. Eighteen per cent of the markers segregating from female parent were distorted compared with 21% of the markers segregating from male parent. The female map included 147 markers in 17 linkage groups (LGs) and covered 1892.4 cM of the genome. In the male map, totally 146 AFLP and SSR markers were grouped in 18 LGs spanning 1937.1 cM. The average inter-marker spacing in female and male map was 12.9 and 13.3 cM respectively. The AFLP and SSR markers were distributed evenly throughout the genome except for a few large gaps over 20 cM. Although preliminary, the genetic maps presented here provide a starting point for the mapping of the bay scallop genome.

Phylogenetic analysis of epiphytic marine bacteria on Hole-Rotten diseased sporophytes of Laminaria japonica

During an occurrence of Hole-Rotten Disease of Laminaria japonica in a cultivating farm in Ma Shan Shandong province, China, 42 Gram-negative epiphytic marine bacteria were isolated and purified on Zobell 2216E marine agar medium. Morphological and biochemical characteristics of each isolated bacterium were studied, and molecular identification of bacterial strains was conducted with polymerase chain reaction amplification to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Based on nearly full length of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolated strains were bacteria that belong to genus Pseudoalteromonas, Vibrio, Halomonas and Bacillus. The percentage of each group was 61.9%, 28.6%, 7.1% and 2.4% respectively. The results of pathogenicity assay showed that 12 strains could cause the disease symptoms in sporophytes of L. japonica. They belonged to the genera Pseudoalteromonas, Vibrio and Halomonas with 58.3%, 33.3%, 8.3% respectively. The results suggest that these bacteria are the dominant marine bacteria on diseased sporophytes of L. japonica and may be the potential pathogenic bacteria associated with Hole-Rotten Disease of L. japonica.

Population genetic structure of Sargassum thunbergii (Fucales, Phaeophyta) detected by RAPD and ISSR markers

Genetic variation of four populations of Sargassum thunbergii (Mert.) O. Kuntze and one outgroup of S. fusiforme (Harv.) Setchell from Shandong peninsula of China was studied with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. A total of 28 RAPD primers and 19 ISSR primers were amplified, showing 174 loci and 125 loci, respectively. Calculation of genetic diversity with different indicators (P%, percentage of polymorphic loci; H, the expected heterozygosity; I, Shannon's information index) revealed low or moderate levels of genetic variations within each S. thunbergii population. High genetic differentiations were determined with pairwise Nei's unbiased genetic distance (D) and fixation index (F-ST) between the populations. The Mantel test showed that two types of matrices of D and FST were highly correlated, whether from RAPD or ISSR data, r=0.9310 (P = 0.008) and 0.9313 (P=0.009) respectively. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) was used to apportion the variations between and within the S. thunbergii populations. It indicated that the variations among populations were higher than those within populations, being 57.57% versus 42.43% by RAPD and 59.52% versus 40.08% by ISSR, respectively. Furthermore, the Mantel test suggested that the genetic differentiations between the four populations were related to the geographical distances (r > 0.5), i.e., they conformed to the IBD (isolation by distance) model, as expected from UPGMA (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages) cluster analysis. As a whole, the high genetic structuring between the four S. thunbergii populations along distant locations was clearly indicated in the RAPD and ISSR analyses (r > 0.8) in our study.

中国近海浮游细菌生物量与生产力的生态分布特点

本论文研究了胶洲湾、东海和渤海的蓝细菌（Synechococcus）、生物量、异养细菌生物量和生产力的生态学特点。并在汇泉湾、渤海和东海用分极增减法对海洋蓝细菌在微型食物环（the microbial loop）中的作用进行了初步研究。在以上海区调查研究的时间如下：胶州湾：1993年2月、5月、9月11月，1996年5月、1999年3月、5月和12月。汇泉湾：1996年4月至1998年4月。东海：1997年2-3月，1998年7月。渤海1998年9-10月，1999年4-5月。研究结果如下：胶州湾：蓝细菌生物量的变化范围是11.4-0.03 mgC/m~3，季节变化是夏季>秋季和春季>冬季。其水平分布是除夏季蓝细菌生物量是沿岸浅水区向湾外递减外，其它三季（春、秋和冬季）是由湾外向湾内至沿岸浅水区递减。蓝细菌生物量与海水温度周年变化正相关，与季节海水温度的关系是秋、冬季分布变化一致，春、夏季分布变化相反。海水温度是影响胶州湾蓝细菌生物量分布变化的主要原因。异养细菌生物量和生产力的变化范围分别是29.8-1.62 mgC/m~3; 129.12-1.92 mgC/m~3.d。季节变化都是夏季>秋季、春季>冬季。夏季的异养细菌生物量和生产力水平分布趋势与蓝细菌生物量的分布变化相同。海水温度对异养细菌生产力的影响较对异养细菌生物量的影响大。异养细菌生产力相比（BP:PP）的变化在0.58-0.02之间，季节分布变化是夏季>秋季、春季>冬季。夏季表层的BP:PP由沿岸浅水区向湾心、湾口和湾外递减。东海：蓝细菌生物量的变化范围是46.72-0.011 mgC/m~3，夏季高平均是23.59 mgC/m~3，冬季低平均是3.61 mgC/m~3。冬季蓝细菌生物量的水平分布明显受黑潮的影响，在表面和20米层是由东南向西北方向递减。其垂直分布是冬季表层和20米层>底层，夏季是20米层>表层>底层；在连续站冬111站和410站变化都是中层>底层>表层。异养细菌生物量和生产力的变化范围分别是17.2-4.4 mgC/m~3（1997.2）；376.8-7.2 mgC/m~3.d。异养细菌生产力夏季高平均是35.1 mgC/m~3.d。异养细菌生物量的水平分布是由沿岸向外海递增（1997.2），异养细菌生产力的水平分布是冬季异养细菌生产力在32度断面有由沿岸向外递减趋势，PN断面的变化与冬季相似。垂直分布，冬季和夏季的异养细菌生产力的垂直变化在2断面是底层大于表面，PN断面则是表层大于底层，32度断面大多断站是底层大于表层。在连续站冬季111站异养细菌生产力的变化是底层>中层>表层，409站的变化是中层>底层>表层，夏季111站和410站都是中>底层>表层。异养细菌生物量（1997.2）表层分布变化与海水温度分布变化相似，底层变化相反。异养细菌生产力与初级生产力相比（BP:PP），冬季在0.04-0.30之间，平均为0.17；夏季在0.20-0.43之间平均0.32。冬季在长江口附近BP：PP有一个高值区是0.30，夏季在111站附近有一个高值区是0.43。从连续站111站和409’站观测发现底层的BP：PP明显高于表层。渤海：蓝细菌生物量秋季（16.6-0.37 mgC/m~3）比春季（0.44-0.015 mgC/m~3）高。其秋季的水平分布与海水盐度水平分布相同，与海水温度水平分布相反。异养细菌生产力秋季（189-62.2 mgC/m~3.d）与春季（193.2-49.8 mgC/m~3.d）相当。但秋季捕层BP普遍小于底层，而春季是表层普遍大于底层。根据颗粒分级培养实验结果，海洋蓝图细菌在微型食物环中的作用如下：在汇泉湾的春季和秋季蓝细菌可能主要被小型浮游动物（microzooplankton 20-200 μm）捕食。在渤海的春季和秋季也是同样结果。但在东海夏季的111站和410站附近（东海大陆架中部）微型浮游动物（nanozooplankton 2-20 μm）对蓝细菌的捕食压力明显。

菲律宾蛤仔（Ruditapes philippinarum)能量代谢的研究

能量代谢指动物在进行生理活动(如摄食、消化以及动物的活动等)时所消耗能量的总和，一般以动物的呼吸率利排泄率来估计动物的能量代谢。其主要研究内容是闸明生物能量代谢的基木规律以及与环境闪子的关系。菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapesphil ippmarum)是我国一种重要的养殖贝类，关于其能量代谢的研究却较少，这种状况妨碍了菲律宾蛤仔养殖生态理论的完善和养殖技术的提高。本研究主要对菲律宾蛤仔呼吸率和排泄率的基本规律(能量代谢与体重的关系、能量代谢的昼夜变化)及其与环境因子(饵料浓度、水温、栖息底质环境)的关系进行探讨。研究结果如下：1．不同体重菲律宾蛤仔代谢率小同。实验川菲律宾蛤仔分三种大小：l(干肉重为0．07-0．14g)、ll(干肉重0．27-0．34g)、III(干肉重0．45～0．63g)。温度包括：26℃(八月)、20℃(十月)、1 5℃(十二月)、9℃(一月)。实验共设四个饵料浓度：2．28±0．25，6．454±0．44，10．284±0．82，15．414±1．56mgTPM／L(TPM，总颗粒物)，饵料中POM(颗粒有机物)含量都为4．68±1．64 mg/L。常温下菲律宾蛤仔代谢率随着体重的增大而增大。15℃、20~C、26℃时蛤仔呼吸率与干肉重呈明显的幂函数关系R=aW~b，a值变动范围为0．1076-0．3309；b值变动范围为0．239l～0．8381；蛤仔排泄率与干肉重也呈明显的幂函数关系N=aW~b，a值变动范围为14．213～68．362：b值变动范围为0．3673-1．1 532。9℃(饵料浓度为2．28±0．25mgTPM／L)、20℃(饵料浓度为10．284-0．82mgTPM／L)、26℃(饵料浓度为6．454±0．44mgTPM／L)时不同体重蛤仔氧氮比差异显著，其它情况下不同体重蛤仔氧氮比差异不显著。2．常温下菲律宾蛤仔代谢率受饵料浓度的影响，不同大小蛤仔受饵料浓度的影响程度不同。I组蛤仔呼吸率受饵料浓度的显著影响，II组III组蛤仔呼吸率只在9℃(一月)和26~C(八月)时受饵料浓度的显著影响。26℃时影响最显著，26℃时I组蛤仔在饵料浓度为2．28±0．25，6．45±0．44，l0．28±0．82，15．4l±1．56mgTPM／L时呼吸率分别是O．086，0．146，0．073，0．093(mlO_2／h)；ll组蛤仔在上述浓度饵料中呼吸率分别是0．138，0．214，0．J 26，0．12l(mlO_2／h);III组蛤仔在上述浓度饵料中呼吸率分别是0．129，0．266，0．186，0．192(mlO_2／h)。菲律宾蛤仔呼吸率在饵料浓度为6．45±0．44 mgTPM／L时最高，蛤仔呼吸率在其它饵料浓度时都会降低。菲律宾蛤仔排泄率在饵料浓度为10．28±0．82 mgTPM／L和15．4l士1．56mgTPM／L时显著高于其它浓度组，9℃时这种趋势更明显，9℃时饵料浓度为2．28±0．25，6．454±044，lO．284±0．82，15．41±1．56mgTPM／L中I组蛤仔排泄率分别是4．297，2．874，8．003，6．658(μgNH_3-N／h)；II组蛤仔在上述浓度饵料中排泄率分别是4．011，3．609，10．427，12．732(μgNH_3-N／h)；III组蛤仔在上述浓度饵料中排泄率分别是2．28 l，6．452，10．283，15．417(μgNH_3-N／h)。3．菲律宾蛤仔代谢率受自然温度的显著影Ⅱ向。I组蛤仔在9℃、15℃、20℃、26℃时呼吸率平均为0．057，0．085，0．039，O．099；II组蛤仔在上述四个温度中呼吸率平均为0．08，O．128，0．089，0．149(mlO_2／h)，I组和II组蛤仔在9℃和20~C时呼吸率较低，在26℃时呼吸率最高。III组蛤仔在上述四个温度中呼吸率平均为0．09，O．1 59，O．143，O．193(mlO_2／h)，在9℃时llI组蛤仔呼吸率显著低于其它温度组。温度为9℃、15℃、20℃、26℃时l组蛤仔排泄率平均为5．458，13．169，4．946，11．138(μgNH_3-N／h)：II组蛤仔在上述温度中排泄率平均为7．695，23．578，8．319，23．90l(μgNH_3-N／h)；III组蛤仔在上述温度中排泄率平均为11．738，27．443，15．658，35．407(μgNH_3-N／h)，蛤仔排泄率在15℃和26℃时均高于9℃和20℃。4．摄食状态与饥饿状态菲律宾蛤仔代谢率有明显不同。26℃时蛤仔静止状态呼吸率平均为0．336(m102／g干重．h)，摄食状态呼吸率平均为0．656(ml0_2干重．h)，摄食状态呼吸率比静止状态平均升高了0 32(ml0_2／g干重．h)；26℃时蛤仔静止状态排泄率平均为39．471(μgNH_3-N／g干重．h)，摄食状态排泄率平均为88．08(μgNH_3-N／g干重．h)，摄食状态排泄率比静止状态排泄率平均升高了48．6(μgNH_3-N／g干重．h)。摄食状态代谢率平均是静止状态的2～3倍。根据摄食引起的呼吸率和排泄率升高量得出每氧化产生lμgNH_3-N需0_2量平均为7．05μl。5．人工控制温度对菲律宾蛤仔代谢率有明显影响。不同大小蛤仔受温度的影响程度不同。在温度5℃、10℃、l 5℃、20℃、26℃，I组和II组蛤仔呼吸率都随着温度的升高而升高，在10℃～l5℃和20℃～26℃这二个温度变化范围内呼吸率变化最大，在20℃～26℃时I组蛤仔呼吸率变动范围为O．85～1．04(m10_2／g干重．h)、II组蛤仔变动范围为0．57～0．86(ml0_2／g干重．h)。III组蛤仔呼吸率只在5℃～l0℃时明显增高，变动范围为0．09～0．5l(m10_2／g干重．h)，在10℃～26℃范围内变化不大。I组和II组蛤仔排泄率随着温度的升高而升高，变动幅度较大，在5℃～26℃范围内其排泄率变动范围为10．32～81．53(μgNH_3-N／g干重．h)；而 III组蛤仔排泄率只在5℃～15℃时随着温度的升高而升高，其排泄率变动范围为6．75～23．77(μgNH_3-N/g干重．h)，在15℃～26℃范围内几乎不变。III组蛤仔的适温范围比I组和II组蛤仔广。菲律宾蛤仔在5℃和10℃时氧氮比变化明显，变动范围为2．76～11．44，在15～26℃时变化不大。6．菲律宾蛤仔代谢率有明显的日节律性，呈正弦曲线型变化。蛤仔夜问代谢率明显升高。I组蛤仔夜间呼吸率平均为0．867(m10_2／g干重．h)，白天呼吸率平均为O．504(m10_2／g干重．h)；II组蛤仔夜间呼吸率平均为0．438(m10_2／g干重．h)，白天呼吸率平均为0．36l(m102／g干重．h)；III组蛤仔夜间呼吸率平均为0．409(m10_2／g干重．h)，白天呼吸率平均为0．252(m102／g干重．h)。在22：00-23：00菲律宾蛤仔呼吸率最高。7．底质环境对菲律宾蛤仔的代谢率有明显影响。在饥饿状态下菲律宾蛤仔在泥沙底质中呼吸率平均为l 406(m10_2／g干重h)，在无泥沙环境中呼吸率平均为O．963(ml0_2／g干重．h)；摄食状态下菲律宾蛤仔在泥沙底质中呼吸率平均为1．59l(m102／g干重．h)，在无泥沙环境中呼吸率平均为1．115(m10_2／g干重．h)。在饥饿状态下菲律宾蛤仔在泥沙底质中排泄率平均为78．934(μgNH_3-N／g 干重．h)，在无泥沙环境巾排泄率平均为45．043(μgNH_3-N／g干重．h)；摄食状态下菲律宾蛤仔在泥沙底质中排泄率平均为87．12l(μgNH_3-N／g干重．h)，在无泥沙底质中排泄率平均为58．354(μgNH_3-N／g干重．h)。蛤仔在泥沙环境中呼吸率和排泄率都明显升高。

高寒金露梅灌丛生物量及年周转量

采用样方调查与挖掘相结合的方法，以金露梅（Potentilla fruticosa）灌丛多年累积枝干、地下生物量和当年新生枝叶量及6-9月冠面长度、宽度和高度为参数进行线性回归分析，结合金露梅灌丛与草本植物在样地所占比例，估算其年净初级生产量及年净固碳量。结果表明：2004年金露梅灌丛地下实际周转量为53．7g／m^2，周转率为26％；当年新生枝叶量为41．0g／m^2，年净初级生产量94．7g／m^2；以草本植物与金露梅灌丛在样地所占比例为60％和40％进行估算，2004年金露梅灌丛草甸总净初级生产量为858．3g／m^2，固碳量481．9g／m^2。

高寒草甸不同草地类型功能群多样性及组成对植物群落生产力的影响

对不同类型草地功能群多样性和组成与植物群落生产力之间的关系进行了探讨.结果表明:(1)在矮嵩草(Kobresia humlis)草甸和金露梅(Potentilla froticosa)灌丛中,豆科植物的作用比较明显,而其他功能群植物的作用较弱.(2)在藏嵩草(Kobresia tibetica)沼泽化草甸和小嵩草(K. pygmaca)草甸中,虽然杂类草、C3植物和莎草科植物功能群的生产力占群落初级生产力的比例较大,但二者在统计上没有显著性差异,这表明群落生产力除受物种多样性的影响外,也受物种本身特征和环境资源的影响,更主要的是受到功能群内物种密度和均匀度的影响,即功能群组成比功能群多样性更能说明对生态系统过程的影响.(3)不同类型草地群落植物功能群盖度与群落初级生产力呈显著的线性相关.(4)不同类型草地群落生产力与功能群内物种数的变化均表现为单峰曲线关系,即功能群内物种数处于中间水平时,群落生产力最高。

模拟降水对高寒矮嵩草草甸群落影响的初步研究

通过野外控制实验，研究了高寒矮篙草草甸不同植物类群、群落对模拟增减降水条件下的响应。结果表明，不同植物类群(禾草类、莎草类)增加降水20％，地上生物量分别比对照提高103．63、77．12g／m^2。在植物生长期(6月)，增加降水20％及40％，植物群落物种多样性指数(H)分别比对照提高0．188和0．735；而均匀度指数(J)在增加降水40％时，提高了0．086。生长期(7月)增加降水20％，物种多样性指数(H)和均匀度指数(J)分别提高0．409和0．07。当降水增加20％时，植物群落中禾草类的重要值较对照提高了0．92。

高寒矮蒿草草甸群落植物多样性和初级生产力对模拟降水的响应

通过野外控制实验,研究了高寒矮嵩草草甸群落植物多样性、初级生产力对模拟降雨条件的响应.结果表明:(1)在植物生长期(6月),增加降雨20%、增加降雨40%,植物群落物种多样性指数(H)和均匀度指数(J)分别比对照提高了0.188和0.011、0.735和0.076,生长期(7月)增加降雨20%物种H和J提高了0.409和0.07;(2)禾草类:增加降雨20%处理的地上生物量与对照相比没有明显的显著性差异(P＞0.05),增加降雨40%处理的地上生物量与对照相比差异显著(P＜0.05),说明过多增加降雨会抑制禾草的生长发育.杂类草:减少降雨50%处理的地上生物量与对照相比差异显著(P＜0.05),其地上生物量对减少降雨的反映比较敏感.莎草类:其地上生物量对增加和减少降雨都没有显著变化;(3)0～10 cm和0～30 cm土层地下生物量均在增加降雨20%时最高,地下生物量的总量也在增加降雨20%时最高;(4)矮嵩草草甸地下生物量与地上生物量、总生物量的比值接近于生长季末时最大,且在模拟增加降雨20%的水平时,7、8、9月份地下和地上生物量较其它处理组高.

变形机器人倾翻稳定性仿真分析

凹凸不平的非结构环境中,移动机器人由于系统的倾翻将导致系统损害、作业失败等一系列问题。变形机器人可以通过构形的变化来提高系统的稳定性和抗倾翻能力。理论分析了移动机器人的倾翻问题,提出稳定锥方法和倾翻性能指数对移动机器人的静、动态稳定性进行综合判定,讨论了三模块履带机器人变形过程中的倾翻稳定性变化,同时仿真比较了机器人的五种能动构形在仰俯、偏转、倾斜等干扰组合作用下的倾翻性能。理论与仿真研究为变形机器人投入到实际应用提供了参考。

柴达木盆地北缘地区油气成藏过程模拟与含油气系统评价

As an important part of petroleum exploration areas in the west of China, the north part of Qaidam basin is very promising in making great progress for petroleum discovery. But there are still many obstacles to overcome in understanding the process of petroleum formation and evaluation of oil & gas potential because of the complexity of geological evolution in the study area. Based upon the petroleum system theory, the process of petroleum formation is analyzed and the potential of oil & gas is evaluated in different petroleum systems by means of the modeling approach. The geological background for the formation of petroleum systems and the consisting elements of petroleum systems are described in detail. The thickness of strata eroded is estimated by means of vitrinite reflectance modeling, compaction parameter calculating and thickness extrapolating. The buried histories are reconstructed using the transient compaction model, which combines of forward and reverse modeling. The geo-history evolution consists of four stages - sedimentation in different rates with different areas and slow subsidence during Jurassic, uplifting and erosion during Cretaceous, fast subsidence during the early and middle periods of Tertiary, subsidence and uplifting in alternation during the late period of Tertiary and Quaternary. The thermal gradients in the study area are from 2.0 ℃/100m to 2.6 ℃/100m, and the average of heat flow is 50.6 mW/m~2. From the vitrinite reflectance and apatite fission track data, a new approach based up Adaptive Genetic Algorithms for thermal history reconstruction is presented and used to estimate the plaeo-heat flow. The results of modeling show that the heat flow decreased and the basin got cooler from Jurassic to now. Oil generation from kerogens, gas generation from kerogens and gas cracked from oil are modeled by kinetic models. The kinetic parameters are calculated from the data obtained from laboratory experiments. The evolution of source rock maturation is modeled by means of Easy %Ro method. With the reconstruction of geo-histories and thermal histories and hydrocarbon generation, the oil and gas generation intensities for lower and middle Jurassic source rocks in different time are calculated. The results suggest that the source rocks got into maturation during the time of Xiaganchaigou sedimentation. The oil & gas generation centers for lower Jurassic source rocks locate in Yikeyawuru sag, Kunteyi sag and Eboliang area. The centers of generation for middle Jurassic source rocks locate in Saishenteng faulted sag and Yuka faulted sag. With the evidence of bio-markers and isotopes of carbonates, the oil or gas in Lenghusihao, Lenghuwuhao, Nanbaxian and Mahai oilfields is from lower Jurassic source rocks, and the oil or gas in Yuka is from middle Jurassic source rocks. Based up the results of the modeling, the distribution of source rocks and occurrence of oil and gas, there should be two petroleum systems in the study area. The key moments for these two petroleum, J_1-R(!) and J_2-J_3, are at the stages of Xiaganchaigou-Shangyoushashan sedimentation and Xiayoushashan-Shizigou sedimentation. With the kinetic midels for oil generated from kerogen, gas generated from kerogen and oil cracked to gas, the amount of oil and gas generated at different time in the two petroleum systems is calculated. The cumulative amount of oil generated from kerogen, gas generated from kerogen and gas cracked from oil is 409.78 * 10~8t, 360518.40 * 10~8m~3, and 186.50 * 10~8t in J_1-R(!). The amount of oil and gas generated for accumulation is 223.28 * 10~8t and 606692.99 * 10~8m~3 in J_1-R(!). The cumulative amount of oil generated from kerogen, gas generated from kerogen and gas cracked from oil is 29.05 * 10~8t, 23025.29 * 10~8m~3 and 14.42 * 10~8t in J_2-J_3 (!). The amount of oil and gas generated for accumulation is 14.63 * 10~8t and 42055.44 * 10~8m~3 in J_2-J_3 (!). The total oil and gas potential is 9.52 * 10~8t and 1946.25 * 10~8m~3.

硼及其同位素对水体污染物的示踪研究

硼的易溶性和硼化合物的广泛使用，以及污水处理过程中除硼的困难，最终导致地表地下水 体富集硼及有关污染物。海滨地下水受到海水入侵，硼含量及p(B)／p(C1)比值发生明显变化。混 合、吸附、水一岩等作用使得硼同位素发生分馏，显著区别于区域背景值。因此，结合其它同位素、水化 学等信息，硼及其同位素作为良好示踪剂为研究水圈中物质的地球化学循环过程提供了新的手段。 文中总结了部分天然水体的硼含量和硼同位素组成特征，综述了近年来用硼同位素示踪水体的污染 物来源、程度和范围等方面新的研究成果。