980 resultados para suasa, archeologia, copertura, lamellare, domus, architettura


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The natural and built environment has been shown to affect its users in both psychological and physiological forms. But can if affect the sociological aspects of human processes and actions? The activation of the public realm can be shown to reduce socially dysfunctional behaviour through the simple occupation of the space and a number of other key variables through its design. In order to explore this further we must study how public space is being used in terms of social interaction, which will lead to a set of design ideals through which the social activation of public space can be achieved. Observations of differing social contexts have been undertaken in order to solidify key ideas and design principles for the activation of public space. Three sites were selected, each containing different amounts of vegetation and opportunity for occupation. These were then analysed through a lens of levels of social interaction. In this way it can become evident how the users interact with and within their social environments Through the analysis of the chosen sites, it has become evident that levels of interaction between the users, whether for transitory or occupational purposes, rise directly with vegetation and opportunity for occupation. With this in mind it can be determined that through design, public space can allow for and create greater opportunity for social interaction.

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An issue gaining prominence in our urban environments in the notion of lost space, the undesirable urban areas that are in need of redesign, commonly caused by a focus on development as individual architectural entities, without a greater view of the urban environment as a holistic entity. Within the context of South East Queensland, the suburb of Fortitude Valley has been earmarked for development as an extension of the current CBD. With lost and disused spaces already existing throughout the suburb due to rapid growth and mismatched developments, recent planning regimes have proposed rejuvenation in the form of proposals that echo typologies from other Australian regions, such as the laneway typology from Melbourne. Opportunities exist in these spaces for design approaches that relate specifically to the individual and unique subtropical character of the area. This research explores the relationship between innovative approaches towards urban greenery as a means to rejuvenate lost and disused public space, and its suitability within a subtropical climate, specifically focused within the suburb of Fortitude Valley. A trend gaining prominence is the notion of biophilic cities; cities that integrate urban greenery as a means to provide vibrant public spaces, and meet the growing aesthetic, social, cultural and economic needs of our cities. Through analysis of case studies showcasing greenery in an inventive way, observations of public using subtropical public space, and a discussion of the current policy frameworks at place within Fortitude Valley, innovative uses of urban greenery is proposed as viable placemaking technique in subtropical urban environments.

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This text elaborates on the city as cultural construct and representation and Lisbocópio, the installation by Pancho Guedes and Ricardo Jacinto in the context of the Official Representation of Portugal at the 10. Mostra Internazionale di Architettura-La Biennale di Venezia.

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The subject of the study is the classical Latin concept 'mundus muliebris', usually translated simply as women’s toiletry items. The task of the research is, on one hand, to find a more accurate and comprehensive literary definition for the concept as used in the early Imperial period, and on the other, to examine whether it is possible to find corresponding groupings of material objects among the finds from Pompeian houses destroyed by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79. The study is based on two different bodies of evidence, literary and material, and consequently uses two independent methods of research. In the philological part of the study, all occurrences of the concept 'mundus muliebris' in classical Latin texts were identified and analysed in their proper literary context, paying special attention to information about the nature of the objects included (name, owner, quantity, value, location in the house). On the basis of this analysis, mirrors were chosen as the key elements of the archaeological research, being ̶ hypothetically ̶ the most probable objects to be found among any extant 'mundus muliebris' contexts in Pompeian houses. In the archaeological part of the study, all mirrors deposited in the Archaeological Storerooms of Pompeii, mostly unpublished, were examined, together with their original find contexts. For more detailed documentation, classification, as well as quantitative and functional analysis, the fifty-nine best preserved household or shop contexts were chosen. Among these contexts, only a few ‘ideal’ groups closely corresponding to the literary definitions were found. However, in most cases a functional artifact pattern of toiletry items could indeed be found grouped together with the mirror. The arrangement of the contexts in the domestic space also revealed a clear pattern. Firstly, the contexts consistently seem to be found in the place of storage, inside locked boxes, not in the place of use. Secondly, they show that for the storage of such objects small closed rooms flanking the main entrance of the house were preferred. Culturally, 'mundus muliebris' can be described as a very complex multi-layered concept intimately interrelated with the female gender, an instrument of its bodily creation and a symbol of its nature. Concretely, it has at its core mirrors and instruments for the care of skin and hair, and includes, in more technical definitions, washing equipment as well. In the Roman domus, lacking specific women’s quarters, this box containing toiletries and other personal objects could be defined as the true, although mobile, private space of the household’s female members.

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Tutkielma käsittelee cubiculum-nimistä huonetilaa roomalaisessa kirjallisuudessa. Cubiculum-termin määrittelyn pohjana on antiikin latinankielinen kirjallisuus ja työn tarkoituksena on selvittää perinpohjaisesti cubiculum-huoneen olemus sellaisena kuin se voidaan teksteissä nähdä. Tekstikohdat on valittu pääasiallisesti Thesaurus linguae Latinae -hakuteosta käyttäen. Tekstien perusteella on tarkoitus selvittää huoneen fyysinen olemus sekä sen erilaiset käyttötavat. Tarkastelun kohteena on myös cubiculum-nimityksen käyttö arkeologisissa kohteissa, eli voiko tätä nimitystä käyttää mm. pompejilaistalojen keskushallin tai peristyylin sivustalla sijaitsevista huoneista. Oman käsittelynsä saavat myös huoneeseen suuntautuneen liikkeen kuvaus sekä huoneen käyttäjien selvittäminen. Työ liittyy laajemmin roomalaisten yksityistalojen (domus) tutkimukseen, jonka taustalla on ajatus siitä, että tilankäyttö kertoo yhteisöjen arvoista ja rakenteista. Roomalaistaloissa nähtävissä oleva huonetilojen kaavamainen asettelu heijastaa yhteisön ajatusmaailmaa. Käsitellyt tekstit paljastavat, että cubiculum on joustava tilanimitys, jota voidaan käyttää paitsi eliitin edustajien yksityistalojen, myös huviloiden, keisarillisten asumusten ja vaatimattomampien talojen makuutiloista. Nukkuminen on tilan keskeinen funktio ja tämä merkitys sanalla esiintyy vielä keskiaikaisissa ja moderneissakin teksteissä. Myöhäisantiikin tekstit antavat sanalle myös kuvaannollisia merkityksiä. Tekstien perusteella cubiculum on selkeästi rauhallinen, pimeä ja suljettava tila, joka antoi mahdollisuuden yksityisyyteen. Cubiculum todisti useita funktioita, joita tunnetaan osin jo varhaisemmasta tutkimuksesta: tilassa mm. viihdytettiin ystäviä ja hoidettiin yksityisasioita. Huoneeseen suuntautuneen liikkeen kuvaus paljastaa, että varsin usein tilaan pääsy vaati kutsun. Kutsumattomat vieraat pääsivät sisään usein lähinnä voimaa käyttäen. Cubiculum-huoneen käyttäjät olivat pääasiassa vapaita, aikuisia roomalaisia, niin miehiä kuin naisiakin. Lapset mainitaan cubiculum-huoneen yhteydessä harvoin, eikä sanaa käytetä palveluskunnan makuutiloista, vaan palvelijat kuvataan usein nukkumassa cubiculum-huoneen ulkopuolella. Tekstit antavat vain viitteitä huoneen sijoittelusta yksityistaloissa, joten arkeologinen jatkotutkimus onkin välttämätöntä pompejilaistalojen makuuhuonejärjestelyiden selvittämiseksi.

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Wydział Historyczny: Instytut Prahistorii

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Wydział Historyczny: Instytut Prahistorii

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One can say that our times are dominated by visual communication. Usually all day long we have been faced by various pictures, visual forms and symbols. According to the subject of the book 'Archaeology-Culture-Ideologies' I found it interesting to pay attention to the problem of visual representation, or better say visual symbols in nowadays communication and culture, their meaning and importance. From this point of view I would like to show the role of archaeologists who discover, interpret or even create some of them. The subject is not new of course, but the most often it is taken into consideration by the scholars who practice in social anthropology or philosophy and quite rarely it appear in studies of archaeologies, especially in Polish tradition. In my opinion the subject concerning visual symbols communication and archaeology arise several important questions that are also valid for the theme of book 'Archaeology-Culture-Ideologies'. The first is socio-cultural role of our discipline, next the danger of political and propaganda misuse of the results of archaeological research and then also commercialisation of the archaeological activities. The problem of visualisation and visual-communication can be the matter of various studies. In my paper from the beginning I would like to present the general view concerning visual symbols and figural motifs and the main ideas and approaches to study them from different humanistic perspectives. Then in my presentation I am going to discuss the question why in our culture the visual symbols and representations became so popular – compare to other ways of human expression, for example verbal symbol communication. I would like to see the problem in historical perspective as well. There are a lot of evidences, which support the statement about the power of visual symbols in history. In ancient times for example Horace in 'Ars Poetica' suggested that human mind usually is much more impressed by eyes than by ears. In my opinion that is quite often in human culture that visual impression is before mental one. Visual representations and symbols are very powerful, they can show and communicate various phenomena, they act immediately and quite often in easily way they can associate. So for archaeological research it could be very important to make some studies concerning the ancient symbols and general iconography and also it would be grateful to make some attempts for the study what kind of potential meaning could have visual symbols. In my paper I can only make some general statement about it. But the most important for the topic is reflection on prehistoric and ancient visual symbols and representation and their presence in contemporary culture. So after some general statements concerning the visual symbols examined from various perspectives finally I would like to point out with support of some examples how ancient and prehistoric visual symbols and images are still used and captured by contemporary culture and what is or should be the role of archaeologists activity concerning this matter.

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„Dziś jego postawa zapiera dech. Dać żyjącym exempla...”, powiada Paul Veyne w eseju Ostatni Foucault i jego moralność, i powiada tak o Foucault, ale gdy się nad tym zastanowić, w tradycji filozoficznej można odnaleźć cały ciąg postaci, które w pewnych okresach życia pragnęły jednego - właśnie chciały „dać żyjącym exempla”. Takim przykładem wśród jeszcze nie piszących filozofów mógłby być Sokrates. Tacy byli cynicy, a zwłaszcza bodaj najgłośniejszy z nich, Diogenes. Tacy wreszcie byli i stary Kant, i stary Nietzsche. Ich życie i ostatnie dzieła to często swoiste podręczniki życia, jednak nie tyle zobowiązujące powszechnością i obiektywnością wypowiadanych twierdzeń, co raczej przekonujące subiektywnością i jednostkowością przykładu. Każdy z nich, na swój sposób, dawał przykład jako filozof. Filozofował, dając przykład — swoim życiem, swoim dziełem. Czasami i jednym, i drugim. Istnieje grono filozofów, których życie było niezwykle blisko związane z działalnością filozoficzną, u których często trudno oddzielić filozofię od życia, u których konstytuuje się (Foucaulta) „ethos, filozoficzny sposób życia.” Sokrates, który nie ucieka przed sądem, choć może, i nie unika śmierci, choć może; Diogenes, kochany przez Ateńczyków skandalista, o którym Żywoty i poglądy słynnych filozofów powiadają, że „w byle jakim miejscu załatwiał wszystkie swoje sprawy”; Kant, który przez całe życie wstaje dokładnie o 4:55 na hasło swojego sługi, Lampego, Es ist Zeit, Herr Professor! i którego przechadzki po Królewcu mogą zastępować wskazania zegara; Nietzsche kończący w Turynie Ecce homo, jakby w przewidywaniu zbliżającej się katastrofy; i wreszcie umierający na AIDS i gorączkowo poprawiający na szpitalnym łóżku ostatnie dwa tomy Historii seksualności Michel Foucault (pytanie o splot jego własnego życia z ostatnim fragmentem jego dzieła jest pytaniem niezwykle trudnym, a odpowiedzi nie są jednoznaczne). Można by powiedzieć, iż każdy z nich pragnął wzmocnić swoją filozofię przykładem swojego życia. Asceza Kanta jest przecież nieodłączna od jego etyki, „troska o siebie” Foucaulta jest nieodłączna od jego „estetyki egzystencji”, śmierć Sokratesa i Nietzschego odejście od świadomego życia jedynie wzmacniają moc ich filozoficznych i etycznych wyborów (można by wręcz zastanawiać się, co stałoby się z Sokratesa „przykładem”, gdyby zdecydował się na ucieczkę z Aten, podobnie z myślą Nietzschego, gdyby, jak Hegel pod koniec życia, jedynie grał w karty...). Kant w trzeciej części Sporu fakultetów, Nietzsche w Ecce homo, Foucault w ostatnich częściach Historii seksualności (i pracach ją dopełniających), poza wszystkim innym, dają siebie za przykład: nie tyle od razu i po prostu wart naśladowania, lecz właśnie na początek jedynie wart przemyślenia. Paradoksalnie, to właśnie w ostatniej pracy Kanta i ostatniej pracy Nietzschego ich życie splata się z dziełem w jeden węzeł, to książki pisane własną krwią (jak powiedziałby Bataille, uważny czytelnik Nietzschego), własnym życiem.

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La perspectiva aérea o atmosférica es juzgada por los pintores como parte esencial de la pintura, una vez establecidos los presupuestos geométricos de la representación naturalista mediante la perspectiva lineal. Leonardo da Vinci fue el primer autor en definir la perspectiva aérea o atmosférica, conocidos ya a través de L. B. Alberti los fundamentos geométricos de la perspectiva lineal en el tratado De Pictura (1435). Doscientos años después, tras la influyente publicación del Optics de Newton, contextualizadas bajo el espíritu racionalista del siglo XVIII, el artículo estudia las recomendaciones que desde la ciencia y los científicos (específicamente a través de tres figuras relevantes: Brook Taylor, J. H. Lambert y Gaspard Monge) se dan a los pintores con la pretensión de arbitrar una medición exacta del color, en confrontación con el tradicional empirismo del mundo artístico. Este tema puede considerarse un capítulo de gran interés en la larga historia de la pintura y la representación de los fenómenos atmosféricos, cuyos antecedentes teóricos tienen su inicio en el Débat sur le Coloris de la Académie Française del siglo XVII y sus resultados, conducirán hacia el nacimiento de la moderna Teoría del color, en respuesta a una cuestión tan compleja sobre cómo pintar el aire.