Perfil de risco do investidor: diferen��as entre homens e mulheres

Mestrado em Contabilidade

Performance of a Brazilian population on the test of functional health literacy in adults

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the scoring obtained by an instrument, which evaluates the ability to read and understand items in the health care setting, according to education and age. METHODS: The short version of the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults was administered to 312 healthy participants of different ages and years of schooling. The study was conducted between 2006 and 2007, in the city of S��o Paulo, Southeastern Brazil. The test includes actual materials such as pill bottles and appointment slips and measures reading comprehension, assessing the ability to read and correctly pronounce a list of words and understand both prose passages and numerical information. Pearson partial correlations and a multiple regression model were used to verify the association between its scores and education and age. RESULTS: The mean age of the sample was 47.3 years(sd=16.8) and the mean education was 9.7 years(sd=5; range: 1 - 17). A total of 32.4% of the sample showed literacy/numeracy deficits, scoring in the inadequate and marginal functional health literacy ranges. Among the elderly (65 years or older) this rate increased to 51.6%. There was a positive correlation between schooling and scores (r=0.74; p<0.01) and a negative correlation between age and the scores (r=-0.259; p<0.01). The correlation between the scores and age was not significant when the effects of education were held constant (rp=-0.031, p=0.584). A significant association (B=3.877, Beta =0.733; p<0.001) was found between schooling and scores. Age was not a significant predictor in this model (B=-0.035, Beta=-0.22; p=0.584). CONCLUSIONS: The short version of the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults was a suitable tool to assess health literacy in the study population. The high number of individuals classified as functional illiterates in this test highlights the importance of special assistance to help them properly understand directions for healthcare.

Forma����o profissional nos A��ores : uma an��lise emp��rica

Disserta����o de Mestrado, Ci��ncias Econ��micas e Empresariais, 19 de Fevereiro de 2016, Universidade dos A��ores.

Avalia����o da interven����o socioeducativa sobre a viol��ncia na escola

A investiga����o desenvolvida no ��mbito do projeto Estrat��gias de Interven����o socioeducativa em contextos sociais complexos enquadra-se na avalia����o das pol��ticas sociais e educativas, em particular no que diz respeito �� seguran��a escolar em contextos marcados pela diversidade e complexidade social e cultural. O processo de avalia����o centrou-se na an��lise das estrat��gias de interven����o socioeducativa relativas ao problema da viol��ncia na escola, desenvolvidas em tr��s escolas de um concelho da ��rea Metropolitana de Lisboa. Partindo do pressuposto que a viol��ncia na escola �� um fen��meno multideterminado e multifacetado, a pesquisa centrou-se numa abordagem que enquadra as esferas de interven����o/a����o das institui����es formais e dos agentes sociais enquanto mecanismos que estruturam e regulam as concep����es e pr��ticas de viol��ncia na escola. A recolha e sistematiza����o de informa����o centrou-se, por um lado, nas estrat��gias de interven����o que t��m vindo a ser desenvolvidas localmente pelas escolas, e, por outro, nas perspetivas dos diferentes intervenientes, considerando-se os alunos, osprofessores, as dire����es escolares e representantes das entidades e institui����es locais. Metodologicamente, privilegiou-se o cruzamento de m��todos de car��cter extensivo e intensivo, combinando t��cnicas como a Observa����o Direta, a realiza����o de Entrevistas, de Grupos Focais, de Question��rios, e ainda, a An��lise de Redes e a An��lise Documental. Numa fase posterior, os diversos intervenientes participaram na discuss��o e an��lise dos resultados previamente recolhidos, e na valida����o conjunta de uma metodologia de interven����o que define um conjunto de estrat��gias gerais de combate ��s situa����es de viol��ncia na escola e nos territ��rios educativos. Esta metodologia �� o principal produto do projeto e resulta de um processo de avalia����o din��mico e participado. A contribui����o que se apresenta no VI Encontro do CIED ocupa-se dos procedimentos de avalia����o desenvolvidos no ��mbito deste projeto.

Transversalidade e continuidade em educa����o: um olhar sobre os instrumentos de registo e observa����o na educa����o pr��-escolar e no 1�� ciclo do ensino b��sico

Tomar consci��ncia do papel do educador de inf��ncia e do professor do 1�� CEB manifesta-se uma tarefa essencial �� pr��tica, permitindo uma orienta����o da interven����o educativa, no sentido de ir ao encontro do que �� esperado por parte destes profissionais. O trabalho espelha as experi��ncias nos contextos de 1�� Ciclo do Ensino B��sico e de Educa����o Pr��-Escolar, sendo que se encontram evidenciadas as especificidades, transversalidade e continuidade existentes em ambos os contextos. A abordagem do estudo apresenta um car��ter misto. Isto ��, por um lado um car��ter qualitativo, na medida em que procuramos perceber mecanismos, comportamentos e atitudes, por outro lado um car��ter quantitativo, na medida em que a informa����o, recolhida atrav��s dos question��rios e entrevistas, pode espelhar uma perspetiva quantitativa. O trabalho, comum a ambas as val��ncias, com vista a um incremento na melhoria da interven����o educativa, visa compreender as necessidades, motiva����es e comportamentos dos sujeitos de estudo. Este estudo tem carater��sticas pr��ximas de uma investiga����o-a����o que permitiram uma avalia����o constante da interven����o com o objetivo de a tornar mais eficaz. Os instrumentos e t��cnicas de investiga����o utilizados foram a an��lise documental, as listas de verifica����o ou controlo, as grelhas de observa����o, a observa����o participante, os registos de observa����o, o inqu��rito por question��rio, a entrevista, os instrumentos de avalia����o das aprendizagens, o portf��lio de crian��a, o registo de projeto l��dico e arede curricular. O conhecimento dos grupos de crian��as permite atitudes adequadas, assim como uma planifica����o mais eficaz, na medida em que s��o promovidas atividades significativas e diferenciadas que v��o de encontro ��s necessidades e interesses de cada um. Estes reguladores da pr��tica educativa s��o instrumentos que permitem a reflex��o, pr��tica sine-qua-non para uma interven����o de qualidade, pois esta a����o vai permitir uma avalia����o dos acontecimentos e suas consequ��ncias e, ainda, a remodela����o de pr��ticas e atitudes.

Cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of Brazilian Need for Recovery Scale

OBJECTIVE: To translate the Need for Recovery Scale (NFR) into Brazilian Portuguese and culturally adapt it and assess the stability, internal consistency and convergent validity of the Brazilian scale among industrial workers. METHODS: The translation process followed the guidelines for cultural adaptation of questionnaires including the steps of translation, synthesis, back translation, expert committee review, and pre-testing. The Brazilian Portuguese NFR, final version (Br-NFR) was assessed for stability (n=52) and internal consistency (n=192) and for convergent validity through simultaneous assessment with other instruments: the Borg Scale (n=59); the Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire (n=57) and 3 subscales of the SF-36 (n=56). RESULTS: Stability and internal consistency met the criterion for a reliable measure (ICC=0.80 and Cronbach's alpha =0.87, respectively). The convergent validity between Br-NFR and other instruments also showed good results: Borg Scale (r= 0.64); Chalder Questionnaire (r= 0.67); SF-36 subscales: vitality (r= -0.84), physical functioning (r= -0.54), and role-physical (r= -0.47). CONCLUSIONS: The Br-NFR proved to be a reliable instrument to evaluate work-related fatigue symptoms in industrial workers. Furthermore, it showed significant and good correlations with well-established instruments such as the Borg Scale, the Chalder Questionnaire and SF-36 vitality subscale, supporting the validity of the Br-NFR.

A constru����o da versatilidade e da motiva����o nas aulas de T��cnica de Dan��a Moderna com os alunos do 8�� ano da Academia de Dan��a Contempor��nea de Set��bal

Relat��rio Final de Est��gio apresentado �� Escola Superior de Dan��a, com vista �� obten����o do grau de Mestre em Ensino de Dan��a.

Health-related quality of life and working conditions among nursing providers

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate working conditions associated with health-related quality of life (HRQL) among nursing providers. METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted in a university hospital in the city of S��o Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, during 2004-2005. The study sample comprised 696 registered nurses, nurse technicians and nurse assistants, predominantly females (87.8%), who worked day and/or night shifts. Data on sociodemographic information, working and living conditions, lifestyles, and health symptoms were collected using self-administered questionnaires. The following questionnaires were also used: Job Stress Scale, Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) and Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Ordinal logistic regression analysis using proportional odds model was performed to evaluate each dimension of the SF-36. RESULTS: Around 22% of the sample was found to be have high strain and 8% showed an effort-reward imbalance at work. The dimensions with the lowest mean scores in the SF-36 were vitality, bodily pain and mental health. High-strain job, effort-reward imbalance (ERI>1.01), and being a registered nurse were independently associated with low scores on the role emotional dimension. Those dimensions associated to mental health were the ones most affected by psychosocial factors at work. CONCLUSIONS: Effort-reward imbalance was more associated with health than high-strain (high demand and low control). The study results suggest that the joint analysis of psychosocial factors at work such as effort-reward imbalance and demand-control can provide more insight to the discussion of professional roles, working conditions and HRQL of nursing providers.

Optimism on quality of life in Portuguese chronic patients: moderator/mediator?

Objetivo: o otimismo tem sido demonstrado como uma vari��vel importante no ajustamento da qualidade de vida de pessoas com doen��as cr��nicas. O estudo tem como objetivo verificar se o otimismo exerce um efeito moderador ou mediador entre os tra��os de personalidade e a qualidade de vida, em portugueses com doen��as cr��nicas. M��todos: os modelos de regress��o linear m��ltipla foram usados para avaliar o efeito de modera����o e media����o do otimismo na qualidade de vida. A amostra, constitu��da por 729 doentes, recrutados nos principais hospitais de Portugal responderam a question��rios de autorresposta avaliando quest��es s��cio-demogr��ficas e cl��nicas, personalidade, otimismo disposicional, qualidade de vida e bem-estar subjetivo. Resultados: os resultados encontrados mostraram que o otimismo disposicional n��o exerce um papel moderador entre os tra��os de personalidade e a qualidade de vida. Controlando por idade, sexo, n��vel de escolaridade e percep����o da severidade da doen��a, o efeito dos tra��os de personalidade na qualidade de vida e no bem-estar subjetivo foi mediado pelo otimismo (parcial e total), expecto para as associa����es, neuroticismo/abertura �� experi��ncia e �� sa��de f��sica. Conclus��o: o otimismo disposicional exerce apenas um papel mediador entre os tra��os de personalidade e qualidade de vida, em pessoas com doen��as cr��nicas, sugerindo que 'a expectativa de que coisas boas v��o acontecer' contribui para uma melhor qualidade de vida e melhor bem-estar subjetivo.

Reliability of a questionnaire on substance use among adolescent students, Brazil

OBJECTIVE: To analyze reliability of a self-applied questionnaire on substance use and misuse among adolescent students. METHODS: Two cross-sectional studies were carried out for the instrument test-retest. The sample comprised male and female students aged 1119 years from public and private schools (elementary, middle, and high school students) in the city of Salvador, Northeastern Brazil, in 2006. A total of 591 questionnaires were applied in the test and 467 in the retest. Descriptive statistics, the Kappa index, Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation were estimated. RESULTS: The prevalence of substance use/misuse was similar in both test and retest. Sociodemographic variables showed a "moderate" to "almost perfect" agreement for the Kappa index, and a "satisfactory" (>0.75) consistency for Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation. The age which psychoactive substances (tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis) were first used and chronological age were similar in both studies. Test-retest reliability was found to be a good indicator of students' age of initiation and their patterns of substance use. CONCLUSIONS: The questionnaire reliability was found to be satisfactory in the population studied.

Pr��tica de ensino supervisionado no 1.�� e 2.�� ciclo do ensino b��sico: a influ��ncia da planifica����o no desenvolvimento da escrita de textos

Relat��rio Final de Est��gio apresentado �� Escola Superior de Educa����o de Lisboa para obten����o do grau de mestre em Ensino do 1.�� e do 2.�� Ciclo do Ensino B��sico

Pr��tica de ensino supervisionado no 1.�� e 2.�� ciclo do ensino b��sico: perspetivas e pr��ticas sobre a realiza����o dos trabalhos para casa

Relat��rio Final apresentado �� Escola Superior de Educa����o de Lisboa para obten����o de grau de mestre em Ensino do 1.�� e do 2.�� Ciclo do Ensino B��sico

Impact of academic exposure on health status of university students

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of academic life on health status of university students. METHODS: Longitudinal study including 154 undergraduate students from the Universidade de Aveiro, Portugal, with at least two years of follow-up observations. Sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics were collected using questionnaires. Students' weight, height, blood pressure, serum glucose, serum lipids and serum homocysteine levels were measured. Regression analysis was performed using linear mixed-effect models, allowing for random effects at the participant level. RESULTS: A higher rate of dyslipidemia (44.0% vs. 28.6%), overweight (16.3% vs. 12.5%) and smoking (19.3% vs. 0.0%) was found among students exposed to the academic life when compared to freshmen. Physical inactivity was about 80%. Total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, and physical activity levels were significantly associated with gender (p<0.001). Academic exposure was associated with increased low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (about 1.12 times), and marginally with total cholesterol levels (p=0.041). CONCLUSIONS: High education level does not seem to have a protective effect favoring a healthier lifestyle and being enrolled in health-related areas does not seem either to positively affect students' behaviors. Increased risk factors for non-transmissible diseases in university students raise concerns about their well-being. These results should support the implementation of health promotion and prevention programs at universities.

A transi����o do pr��-escolar para o 1��CEB: uma preocupa����o de todos

Relat��rio da Pr��tica Profissional Supervisionada Mestrado em Educa����o Pr��-Escolar

Social contextual factors contributing to child and adolescent labor: an ecological analysis

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between social contextual factors and child and adolescent labor. METHODS: Population-based cohort study carried out with 2,512 families living in 23 subareas of a large urban city in Brazil from 2000 to 2002. A random one-stage cluster sampling was used to select families. Data were obtained through individual household interviews using questionnaires. The annual cumulative incidence of child and adolescent labor was estimated for each district. New child and adolescent labor cases were those who had their first job over the two-year follow-up. The annual cumulative incidence of child and adolescent labor was the response variable and predictors were contextual factors such as lack of social support, social deprivation, unstructured family, perceived violence, poor school quality, poor environment conditions, and poor public services. Pearson's correlation and multiple linear regression were used to assess the associations. RESULTS: There were selected 943 families corresponding to 1,326 non-working children and adolescents aged 8 to 17 years. Lack of social support, social deprivation, perceived violence were all positively and individually associated with the annual cumulative incidence of child and adolescent labor. In the multiple linear regression model, however, only lack of social support and perceived violence in the neighborhood were positively associated to child and adolescent labor. No effect was found for poor school quality, poor environment conditions, poor public services or unstructured family. CONCLUSIONS: Poverty reduction programs can reduce the contextual factors associated with child and adolescent labor. Violence reduction programs and strengthening social support at the community level may contribute to reduce CAL.