Ação social das empresas privadas: uma metodologia para avaliação de resultados

In the recent years Corporate Social Action (CSA) has become more and more relevant to corporate context. The aim is to benefit both poor communities and the donnor companies, as it meets the needs of their salient stakeholders. Nevertheless, there still exists considerable scepticism concerning CSA. In order to become a solid management practice, it is critcal to evidence the attained results. Up to now, the focus has been on process evaluation, that is, on the policies companies are adopting. Literature revision has shown a great need of studies related to results identification in this field. Therefore, using stakeholders` framework (according to Wood, 1991; Donaldson and Preston, 1995; Hopkins, 1997; Hamil, 1999), we have developped a methodology to evaluate CSA results, based on public and private effectiveness criteria. As we applied it to assess Xerox social action in Brazil we were able to identify the attainment degree of expected results related to the benefitted community (Mangueira) and also to some Xerox salient stakeholders (employees and clients).

O planejamento estratégico na Marinha do Brasil: o caso das organizações militares prestadoras de serviços

Public Management has been faced with a challenge in improving quality of its services to atendent a citizen each day more concerned and self-conscient of his rights. One of major tools used abroad is strategic planning, although its has been designed for a private sector where the focus is profit its been used in the public sector for improving efficiency. Our focus was the Brazilian Navy, especially the Service-Deliver Military Organization (OMPS),who has been using strategic planning searching for continous improving of internal practices. Strategic planning, originated in Military field, has improved its use in the private sector, especially in United States, after the Second World War when it reached 85% of all american private industry. Some of the concepts and models of strategic planning are reviewed, including some criticism and questioning of its aplicability in the public sector, who, by the way, have serious limitations, like: 1) legal matters (separation of powers); 2) citizen dependency - actions are taken in a vote-profits bases; and 3) burocratic culture, including resistency for changes. Our primary target was to investigated the validity of the strategic planning tool in the Brazilian Navy, searching for define the profile and the comittment of all actors involved in the process, comparing teory and practice. The survey used in the search was individual and anonimous using Likert scale of four options, where each respondent shown his percepetion of the strategic planning used in each of the two investigated organizations All data are shown in the appendices and the results pointed for a non-coerency of the speech and pratice of strategic planning and its models in the analised organizations.

Uma metodologia de avaliação de impacto de políticas públicas no Brasil

Esta dissertação examina as políticas públicas brasileiras do período posterior à promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988 pela ótica da relação Estado-Sociedade. Ela desenvolve uma metodologia compreensiva para avaliar impactos das políticas públicas no Brasil com base na influência dos princípios fundamentais da Constituição brasileira, das crenças da Sociedade, das premissas do Estado, da epistemologia sobre avaliação de impacto de políticas públicas e das relações internacionais multilaterais sobre as instituições nacionais.

Avaliação do impacto da rigidez e da flexibilização normativa, no âmbito do governo federal, sobre a eficiência dos processos de aquisição e contratação

Governmental acquisitions, in Brazil, must be proceeded, as a rule, by means of licitation. Though this principle became constitutional rule only from 1988's Constitution, its existence in Brazilian legal system retraces century XV: by that time, the Filipinas Ordinations ruled it in one only law article. Since then, several rules of law had been incorporated to the Brazilian governmental acquirement system, especially during century XX, hardening the procedures and restricting public manager's discritionarity. Current governmental acquirement system was instituted by the Law nº 8,666/1993, which, however, did not disrupt previous system: with few innovations and more restrictions, it only copied the instruments in the system of the Decree nº 2,300/1986 and previous ones. In its original text, Law nº 8,666/1993 had three licitation procedures for acquisitions - concorrência, tomada de preços, convite - and the exceptional procedures - dispensa and inexigibilidade. Once revealed itself a rigid system, several measures were implemented in order to make it more flexible, having for objectives celerity and price reduction, from discrete alterations of articles of laws to the creation of pregão as a new licitation procedure - initially, there was only the pregão presencial, proceeded face to face - and no longer, the pregão eletrônico, proceeded through web. This research focuses the analysis of the impact of the rigidity / flexibility on Government acquirement system. Despite specialized literature, studies carried through for governmental agencies and state publicity praises the results reached with the use of the pregão eletrônico, the analyses that lead to such conclusion are based on questionable premises. The studies on the efficiency of the pregão eletrônico restrict this concept to its economic dimension, interpreting it as costs reduction. Beyond, the methodology of analysis of this cost reduction has for reference hypothetical values which are also defined by random standards. Here it is, therefore, the objective of this study: to analyze, from the perception of the public managers, the relation between flexibility or rigidity of a procedure and its efficiency, under a multidimensional perspective - taking into consideration, beyond the prices gotten for objects, the time of transaction, the quality of objects and the security of the procedure. From the answers to the questionnaires applied to licitation managers and to members of licitations permanent commissions it was raisen three kinds of information: descriptive data concerning to the ordinal or nominal variables, extracted from the analysis of the objective fields of the questionnaire; not-structuralized, extracted directly from the subjective fields of the questionnaire; e, finally, treated data, extracted from the hypotheses formulated in the research and statistically analyzed. The reflections on the information allowed concluding that the acquirement governmental procedures flexibility extends its efficiency. Restricted the analysis to the pregão eletrônico, it is concluded that it is more efficient under the economic and time perspectives, in relation to the classic procedures; however, under the perspective of the security it does not significantly differs from those; under the qualitative perspective, it is less efficient than the classic procedures, implying in the reduction of the quality of acquired or contracted objects.

Possibilidades da Liderança como Recurso Gerencial para a Transformação nas Organizações: O Caso da Fundação Real Grandeza.

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the contributions that the Fundação Real Grandeza is giving toward the awareness of its managers on the relevance of leadership as a pertinent factor to activate the organization¿s transformation process to face the constant challenges of its mission. Relationships between theory and experience during the construction of this study were strongly based on bibliographic and documental research. The methodology was essentially qualitative in search for a better understanding of the organization in terms of leadership building and practices, through personal contact of the researcher with the people involved. The expected data was gathered through interviews with managers, some senior employees and experts as well as during an especially planned workshop, including one high staff member and a team of managers. Questionaries were also issued to employees, favouring the presentation of quantitative data. The results of this investigation indicate that the organization still presents some characteristics of a conservative culture but, at the present time, it also shows a growing process of self organizational consciousness among its managers in relation to the importance of acting as leaders to face present and future difficulties which are considered inherent to the nature of services that this organization deals with. Transformation is beginning to take place and manifestations of leadership already exist at the moment, although other concrete initiatives are necessary to enable the organization to be better prepared to compete in the emerging scenario of development and expansion of pension funds.

Metodologia de custeio baseado em atividades implementada no Banco Central do Brasil: uma análise de seus desdobramentos

In the last years, there has been a strong tendency of transferring typical business management concepts and practices to the public administration, such as: efficiency, efficacy, effectiveness, economy, operational excellence, results and transparency. The limited offer of resources, as well as the growing demand for accountability, justifies that movement. In order to put the aforementioned concepts into operation, the public administration uses some mechanisms, among them cost management. This dissertation focuses on the use of cost management systems, based on an activity-based costing (ABC) method, by Brazilian public entities. The present analysis is conducted from the ABC system implemented in the Brazilian Central Bank (BACEN) - an indirect public administration autarchy - the main goal of this study is to examine its outcomes since the implementation of the system. The investigation went through three main questions: if the system is being used, if it is fulfilling the objectives sought and, finally, if it is providing the expected benefits. Semi-structured interviews were made with members of the institution; and, according to the assumptions and tools tailored for this study, the collected data were analysed qualitatively. Evidences indicate that information, when not manipulated in a systematic way, hinder not only the incorporation of the cost system to the routine, but also the achievement of the goals and benefits aimed with such implementation.

Fatores determinantes de sucesso na adoção de softwares livres em empresas privadas: algumas evidências empíricas

Nowadays, the free software has been presented as an alternative to the acquisition structure of proprietors¿ software licenses, being adopted by a large number of companies. This study presents the analysis, through a case study, of a project of proprietors¿ software migration for free platforms. The main purpose was to identify decisive factors of success in the adoption of free softwares for private companies. For this, was used the single case methodology of study, presented by Yin (2005). The theoretical referential approaches issues related to the definitions and the historic of the free software, the resistance to information systems and the change resistance. The idea is to look for the fundamentals to support the researchers understanding of the situations observed in the field. The data found at this research was analyzed using a meta-frame, which has as the main point the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Information Technology, developed by Venkatesh et al. (2003). Also, to complete this meta-frame, were used the Technology Acceptance Model, proposed by Davis (1989), and Interaction¿s Model of system and context of Use, developed by Markus (1983). The researche¿s result has been gotten by the analysis of documentation, interviews, questionnaires, direct observation and participant observation, that made possible the obtaining of valuable group of data on the researched subject. The result of this research allow the establishment of subsidies for the planning and development of project of proprietors¿ softwares migration for free softwares.

Evolução do sistema de custos baseados em atividades: um estudo exploratório da utilização da metodologia de ABC ao longo do tempo

Muito tem se escrito desde o surgimento da Metodologia de Custeio Baseado em AtividadesABC como técnica alternativa aos modelos contábeis de custeio. A seu respeito diversos autores buscaram exaltar suas vantagens, sugeriram aplicações variadas, inclusive em apoio a outras ferramentas de gestão e revelaram segredos para realizar implantar essa técnica com sucesso. Visto que são passados mais de 10 anos de implantações dessa técnica em diversas empresas no Brasil e considerando-se a existência de uma curva de aprendizagem em relação ao uso e aplicações da metodologia, muito pouco se falou sobre o que aconteceu depois de uma implantação de sucesso. O que houve depois que os primeiros resultados apareceram, depois que as informações de custos se incorporaram no dia-a-dia das empresas, o que se criou a partir do uso da metodologia? A proposta desse trabalho é portanto explorar a realidade das empresas que implementaram o ABC e ver como a técnica evoluiu. Assim busca-se responder a questões como quais aplicações são realmente colocadas em prática e que tipo de lições os usuários com mais de três anos de uso aprenderam no dia-a-dia. As respostas encontradas passaram pela definição e classificação de sete diferentes categorias para as aplicações sugeridas para a metodologia. Posteriormente, através dos dados da pesquisa de campo foi possível a identificação daquelas categorias com maior grau de utilização. Os dados da pesquisa também revelaram as tendências no uso da metodologia e confirmaram a existência de um processo de amadurecimento no uso da metodologia, bem como as variáveis influentes nesse processo.

Implantação da metodologia Seis Sigma e aplicação da técnica estatística projeto de experimentos na resolução de problemas e otimização de processos de fabricação

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Aplicação de metodologia ergonômica em uma empresa de transformação de plásticos e termoplásticos : o posto de trabalho de operador de máquina injetora

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Influência dos estilos gerenciais no clima organizacional

O presente estudo se constitui numa tentativa de analisar a questão do uso do poder e da autoridade por aqueles que exercem cargos de chefia e liderança nas empresas, presumindo-se que os executivos, em suas interações com os subordinados, exercem influência no Clima Organizacional, de acordo com seus perfis de estilo gerencial e de liderança.A importância atribuída às pesquisas de Clima Organizacional, de acordo com a metodologia da HayGroup, baseia-se no fato de que ao responder os questionários, os trabalhadores terão voz para manifestar suas críticas formais e dar Feed-Back à organização e às lideranças quanto às condições de trabalho e aspectos motivacionais.Supõe-se que o exercício da liderança é um elemento que influi e constrói o ambiente de trabalho onde as pessoas estão inseridas. Na perspectiva das teorias contnigenciais de liderança, o líder deve aprender a diagnosticar os diferentes cenários, sendo que são os líderes, em conjunto com os subordinados, os agentes que determinam o contexto.Há a expectativa de que um ambiente de trabalho adequadamente construído reduz o hiato entre a racionalidade substantiva ,desejada.Esse tema adquire relevância nessa essa pós-capitalista, quando o homem com seu capital intelectual, se constitui no único agente capaz de diferençar as empresas frente à vertiginosa velocidade das mudanças e as incertezas quanto ao futuro, em suma, à competição global estabelecida.

O papel do programa de educação tributária na mudança de hábito da população jovem do Espírito Santo: o caso dos municípios de São Matheus e Muniz Freire

This paper intends to propose a study to evaluate and analyse the influence of tax education in the behavior of young inhabitants of the Espirito Santo State living in the cities of Muniz Freire and São Mateus. The context of the problem under investigation consists in the context of a frequent conflict between consumers, the state and companies. These conflicts arise because the state does not provide sufficient and adequate services that lie under its responsability. Due to this fact, companies often conclude that it is not worthwhile to pay state taxes, and the consumer has great trouble when trying to obtain the rights they are entitled to from the companies and from the state. Therefore, the intermediate aims of this paper were to research behavior related to the moment of purchase and the reception of a bill of sale, especifically, if mechanisms of pressure, involvement and personal commitment, exert any influence over the consumers request for a tax receipt. The methodology to reach these objectives was a field survey through questionnaires. The final results show that through the tax education the students are assimilating the importance of the taxes.

A industrialização da intimidade em serviços: uma contribuição à metodologia de redesenho e melhoria de processos de serviços de alta percepção de risco a partir da gestão do valor do cliente

Apresenta metodologia pra redesenho e melhoria dos processos de negócios para prestação de serviços de APRC (alta percepção de risco pelo cliente), a partir da gestão do valor do cliente para a empresa prestadora do serviço. Propõe novo enfoque para a segmentação de serviços sob aspectos psicográficos. Analisa situação dos serviços de reparos de veículos em Concessionárias autorizadas, detectando possibilidades de melhoria dos sistemas de gestão da sua qualidade

Sistema de gerenciamento de liquidez sob a ótica da teoria das restrições: uma adaptação da metodologia Fleuriet

A Teoria das Restrições (TOC) tem se mostrado um instrumento eficaz de gestão empresarial, no auxílio à tomada de decisão. Por outro lado, a Metodologia Fleuriet é uma ferramenta sistêmica e dinâmica, que demonstra o efeito de decisões tomadas na liquidez das empresas. Desta forma, este trabalho elabora um modelo de análise e gerenciamento da liquidez, construído a partir destes dois conceitos, utilizando ferramentas de pesquisa operacional e simulação para testar a aplicação do modelo nos dados de uma empresa