931 resultados para Mapas cognitivos difusos


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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Incluye Bibliografía

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Esta coleccion de mapas y planos de ciudades de America Latina, se elaboro como resultado de la investigacion realizada sobre crecimiento urbano en la region. El conjunto de mapas presenta la ubicacion, en el territorio de cada pais, de todas las ciudades que en 1970, tenian 50 mil habitantes o mas. Las ciudades se presentan por categorias de tamanos, destacando en los mapas las vias de comunicacion, ademas de los principales rasgos del relieve y de la hidrografia. Cada mapa esta acompanado por otro similar que presenta la situacion que tendra en 1980 el conjunto de ciudades de cada pais estudiado, elaborados en base a las proyecciones realizadas durante el estudio. Los planos de ciudades muestran el crecimiento fisico historico de 10 ciudades importantes de los 7 paises estudiados (Argentina, Brasil, Colombia, Chile, Mexico, Peru y Venezuela), desde alrededor de 1940 hasta en torno de 1970.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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The increased demand for using the Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) unlicensed frequency spectrum has caused interference problems and lack of resource availability for wireless networks. Cognitive radio (CR) have emerged as an alternative to reduce interference and intelligently use the spectrum. Several protocols were proposed aiming to mitigate these problems, but most have not been implemented in real devices. This work presents an architecture for Intelligent Sensing for Cognitive Radios (ISCRa), and a spectrum decision model (SDM) based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), which uses as input a database with local spectrum behavior and a database with primary users information. For comparison, a spectrum decision model based on AHP, which employs advanced techniques in its spectrum decision method was implemented. Another spectrum decision model that considers only a physical parameter for channel classification was also implemented. Spectrum decision models evaluated, as well as ISCRa's architecture were developed in GNU-Radio framework and implemented on real nodes. Evaluation of SDMs considered metrics of: delivery rate, latency (Round Trip Time - RTT) and handoff. Experiments on real nodes showed that ISCRa architecture with ANN based SDM increased packet delivery rate and presented fewer frequency variation (handoff) while maintaining latency. Considering higher bandwidth as application's Quality of Service requirement, ANN-SDM obtained the best results when compared to other SDM for cognitive radio networks (CRN).

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Among the crops commercially exploited in Brazil, the coffee has a great economic importance, especially in the states of Minas Gerais and Espirito Santo. In the search for higher yield and lower environmental impact, farmers and researchers seek to develop new technologies that result in greater efficiency in various production processes of the coffee. For this, the adoption of precision agriculture in the management of operations in coffee crops, called precision coffee, has shown results that justify its use, by identifying the spatial variability of several variables, allowing its localized management and in the proper intensity. Unlike conventional management that is based on the average of observations in an area, precision agriculture uses a more detailed sampling, based on a sampling grid, which allows to represent in greater detail the reality of farming. Many previous studies have identified the spatial variability of the production of coffee system variables, but without worrying about the quality of information obtained due to the sampling grid used as precision and accuracy. Given the above, the objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of four different sampling grids for different variables and three times, in order to identify the most appropriate grid for use in precision coffee. Also aimed to compare the results between the precision coffee and conventional, according to reference values.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

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Discutimos, neste trabalho, uma proposta de utilização da história da matemática, como organizador prévio, para o ensino da análise combinatória e da probabilidade. Esse uso da história da matemática tem como objetivo desenvolver os conhecimentos subsunçores, presentes na estrutura cognitiva dos alunos, para que possa ocorrer, de forma significativa, a aprendizagem dos conceitos desses tópicos da matemática, e que serão ensinados, de modo mais detalhado, posteriormente, através dos mapas conceituais. Vale ressaltar que, a utilização dos organizadores prévios do conteúdo, assim como a teoria dos mapas conceituais, têm fundamentação teórica nos trabalhos sobre aprendizagem significativa, do psicólogo educacional David P. Ausubel.