Deutschland, Deutschland über alles : Tysk föreningsverksamhet i Finland och Sverige 1910-1950

The voluntary associations dealt with in this dissertation were ethnic clubs and societies promoting the interests of German immigrants in Finland and Sweden. The associations were founded at the end of the 19th century as well as at the beginning of the 20th century during a time in which migration was high, the civil society grew rapidly and nationalism flourished. The work includes over 70 different associations in Finland and Sweden with a number of members ranging from ten to at most 2, 500. The largest and most important associations were situated in Helsinki and Stockholm where also most of the German immigrants lived. The main aim of this work is to explore to what extent and how the changes in government in Germany during 1910 to 1950 were reflected in the structures and participants, financial resources and meeting places, networks and activities of the German associations in Finland and Sweden. The study also deals with how a collective German national identity was created within the German associations. The period between 1910 and 1950 has been described by Hobsbawm as the apogee of nationalism. Nationalism and transnationalism are therefore key elements in the work. Additionally the research deals with theories about associations, networking and identity. The analysis is mostly based on minutes of meetings, descriptions of festivities, annual reports and historical outlines about the associations. Archival sources from the German legations, the German Foreign Office, and Finnish and Swedish officials such as the police and the Foreign Offices are also used. The study shows that the collective national identity in the associations during the Weimar Republic mostly went back to the time of the Wilhelmine Empire. It is argued that this fact, the cultural propaganda and the aims of the Weimar Republic to strengthen the contacts between Germany and the German associations abroad, and the role of the German legations and envoys finally helped the small groups of NSDAP to infiltrate, systematically coordinate and finally centralize the German associational life in Finland and Sweden. The Gleichschaltung did not go as smoothly as the party wanted, though. There was a small but consistent opposition that continued to exist in Finland until 1941 and in Sweden until 1945. The collective national identity was displayed much more in Sweden than in Finland, where the associations kept a lower profile. The reasons for the profile differences can be found in the smaller number of German immigrants in Finland and the greater German propaganda in Sweden, but also in the Finnish association act from 1919 and the changes in it during the 1920s and 1930s. Finally, the research shows how the loss of two world wars influenced the associations. It argues that 1918 made the German associations more vulnerable to influence from Germany, whereas 1945 brought the associational life back to where it once started as welfare, recreational and school associations.

Dokumentation och beskrivning som språkplanering : perspektiv från arbete med tre tecknade minoritetsspråk

Language Documentation and Description as Language Planning Working with Three Signed Minority Languages Sign languages are minority languages that typically have a low status in society. Language planning has traditionally been controlled from outside the sign-language community. Even though signed languages lack a written form, dictionaries have played an important role in language description and as tools in foreign language learning. The background to the present study on sign language documentation and description as language planning is empirical research in three dictionary projects in Finland-Swedish Sign Language, Albanian Sign Language, and Kosovar Sign Language. The study consists of an introductory article and five detailed studies which address language planning from different perspectives. The theoretical basis of the study is sociocultural linguistics. The research methods used were participant observation, interviews, focus group discussions, and document analysis. The primary research questions are the following: (1) What is the role of dictionary and lexicographic work in language planning, in research on undocumented signed language, and in relation to the language community as such? (2) What factors are particular challenges in the documentation of a sign language and should therefore be given special attention during lexicographic work? (3) Is a conventional dictionary a valid tool for describing an undocumented sign language? The results indicate that lexicographic work has a central part to play in language documentation, both as part of basic research on undocumented sign languages and for status planning. Existing dictionary work has contributed new knowledge about the languages and the language communities. The lexicographic work adds to the linguistic advocacy work done by the community itself with the aim of vitalizing the language, empowering the community, receiving governmental recognition for the language, and improving the linguistic (human) rights of the language users. The history of signed languages as low status languages has consequences for language planning and lexicography. One challenge that the study discusses is the relationship between the sign-language community and the hearing sign linguist. In order to make it possible for the community itself to take the lead in a language planning process, raising linguistic awareness within the community is crucial. The results give rise to questions of whether lexicographic work is of more importance for status planning than for corpus planning. A conventional dictionary as a tool for describing an undocumented sign language is criticised. The study discusses differences between signed and spoken/written languages that are challenging for lexicographic presentations. Alternative electronic lexicographic approaches including both lexicon and grammar are also discussed. Keywords: sign language, Finland-Swedish Sign Language, Albanian Sign Language, Kosovar Sign Language, language documentation and description, language planning, lexicography

Administrativa sanktioner – Utmaningar och möjligheter

I seminariet samlades nordiska experter inom fältet för att diskutera om de aktuella frågorna gällande administrativa sanktioner.

DEHYDROGENATION OF ORGANOLANTHANIDE ALKOXIDES AND X-RAY CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE OF REACTION-PRODUCT [(C5H-5)2YB(MU-OCH=C=CH2)]2

[Cp3Yb] reacts with HOR (Cp = C5H5; R = CH2CH=CH2, CH2CH2Me) in thf (thf = tetrahydrofuran)at room temperature to give complexes [{Cp2Yb(mu-OR)}2], which are dehydrogenated to yield the new complex [{Cp2Yb(mu-OCH=C=CH2)}2] in refluxing thf solution; the X-ray crystal structure shows that the new complex is dimeric with oxygen atoms as bridging groups.

Den finlandssvenska skolbokssamlingen

Skolbokssamlingen vid Tritonia består av ca 100 hm läroböcker som använts vid finlandssvenska skolor i Finland. Samlingen är indelad i den finlandssvenska skolbokssamlingen och den historiska skolbokssamlingen. Den finlandssvenska skolbokssamlingen består av läromedel främst för finlandssvensk grundläggande utbildning och gymnasium från 1960-talet till nutid. Samlingen är katalogiserad och tillgänglig för hemlån. Samlingen omfattar ca 4000 titlar och baseras på fortlöpande donation från Schildts & Söderströms förlag. Den består av teoriböcker, övningsböcker, lärarhandledningsböcker samt annat tillhörande material. Av varje titel finns 1-2 exemplar. Även Schildts förlags Ab:s läromedelsarkiv, böcker från Svenskfinlands läromedelscenter (av Skolstyrelsen godkända läromedel jämte utlåtanden), lättlästa läroböcker (LL) donerade av förlaget Lärum samt övrig anskaffning ingår. Katalogiseringen av samlingen har genomförts med projektmedel från Svenska kulturfonden. Den historiska skolbokssamlingen består av äldre läroböcker (från mitten av 1800-talet fram till år 1960) från bibliotek vid Finlands svenska folkskolor, Ekenäs seminarium och lärarseminariet i Nykarleby samt donationer av privatpersoner. Samlingen omfattar ca 50 hm och är ordnad enligt undervisningsämne med flest böcker inom modersmålet, matematik samt historia och samhällslära. Samlingen är till största del okatalogiserad.

Suomenmaan kartta Karta öfver Stor-furstendömet Finland med stöd af de tillförlitligaste karta verk och officiella väga-uppgifter, meddelande af samteliga länestyrelserne i landet, äfvensom andra bidrag författad af Berndt Ad. Lindeman

1 kartta :, vär. ;, 119 x 67 cm, kansi 26 x 18 cm

Karta öfver storfurstendömet Finland efter nya tillförlitliga källor och med särskildt begagnande af general stabens original-kartor utgiftven år 1860 af öfverste Georg Alfthan /

1 kartta :, vär. ;, 72,5 x 47,4 cm, lehti 83 x 58 cm

Geografisk och historisk karta öfver Finland till skolornes bruk 1858

1 kartta kahdessa osassa :, vär. ;, 53,3 x 44,1 cm, lehti 59 x 48 cm

Savolax lähn : Sysmä, Hardola, Hirvensalmi, St Michels, Jockas, Sulkava, Menduharju, Christina, Pumala socknar och capeller

1 kartta : käsinpiirros, vär. ; 56,5 x 103 cm. Kuvailu kääntöpuolelta. Mittakaava laskettu janamittakaavasta. Kankaalle liimattu.

Charta öfver Österbotten och Caianebo[r]gs län

1 kartta : käsinpiirros, vär. ; 54 x 43,5 cm, lehti 59,5 x 47 cm. Mittakaavaa ei määritelty. Pahville liimattu.

Charta öfwer en del af Tawastland samt Heinola capell i Savolax och Itis sockn i Kymmenegårds lähner

1 kartta : käsinpiirros, vär. ; 56 x 98 cm.

Kartor och beskrifningar öfver socknarne i Nylands län / upprättade å general landmäteri kontoret, lithografierade och utgifne till granskning och berigtigande år 1844.

1 kartasto ([35] s., [24] karttalehteä (7 taitettuina)) : 24 karttaa, vär. ; 56 cm

Geographisk charta öfver Helsingfors stad med dess närmäste belägenhet efter högvälborne Herr generalen och commend: Ehrnsvärlds befallning år 1763

Kopia

Belägenheten af Helsingfors och Sveaborg

Mittakaava laskettu janamittakaavasta