1000 resultados para História da Ciência,
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Pós-graduação em História - FCLAS
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The aim of this paper is to present some fundamental aspects of the history of the number e, in particular those related to its origin, a little uncertain, and their unavoidable presence in the most diverse applications in various branches of science. We will highlight the importance of this number in compound interest problems, in the Napier’s logarithms, in the quadrature of the hyperbola, in the catenary problem and mostly in the lush Euler’s contribution to the subject.
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Apresenta os resultados de uma investigação que explorou as percepções de alunos de Ensino Médio de uma escola pública de um município do interior paulista quanto à natureza da ciência. A partir desse diagnóstico, que revelou distorções, foi elaborado um minicurso que tem como base a história da atomística, a partir da qual se faz emergir as concepções da História e Filosofia da Ciência. O minicurso explora, ainda, uma abordagem situações envolvendo questões éticas na ciência. Pretende-se, a partir desse minicurso, fornecer contribuições que favoreçam a clarificação das distorções, estimulando o pensamento crítico para questões pertinentes a temas envolvendo as relações entre ciência, tecnologia, sociedade e ambiente.
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O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar e discutir aspectos da formação de professores para o ensino de ciências nos anos iniciais da escolarização, focalizando abordagens que podem ser contempladas nos processos formativos para uma adequada compreensão da natureza da ciência. Desenvolvemos um estudo teórico, a partir da literatura científica, apresentando e discutindo algumas propostas: trabalhar a história e filosofia da ciência; inserir práticas diversificadas como a experimentação em uma abordagem investigativa; explorar a relação CTSA; usar diferentes fontes para estudo, preparação das aulas e seleção de atividades. Entendemos que trabalhar nesse sentido pode contribuir para a valorização da área de Ciências por parte dos professores em formação e para o enriquecimento da prática educativa com as crianças.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Pós-graduação em Educação para a Ciência - FC
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By establishing a relationship among several sections of Biology, the theory of the evolution enables a more systemized and less fragmented education of this science. However, students seem to have difficulties of understanding the concept of biological evolution, by virtue of misunderstanding conceptual and historical data present in textbooks, among other causes. One of these mentioned distortions is the shock between Lamarck and Darwin’s ideas. We aimed, in this work, to investigate the understanding of Biology’s students in pre-service teachers education concerning the Lamarck and Darwin’s theories at different moments of the Evolution discipline. For this, some steps had been followed: 1) Verification of the previous conceptions; 2) Elaboration of a pedagogical material, containing diverse historical texts of primary and secondary sources; 3) Debates in two didactic modules, using the pedagogical material elaborated; 4) Analysis of the conceptions constructed by the students, from the didactic intervention. The results obtained show the preconceptions of the students interviewed, concerning the Lamarck and Darwin’s theories, resemble the explanations presented in textbooks and the insertion of historical texts in the Evolution lessons can be an interesting strategy to construction of knowledge of this theme
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This paper intends to reflect on the search, in the process of teaching formation, of pre-defined contents for the teaching of Geography and History in the series of primary school. This desire for clarity about the appropriated contents for the various series often overshadows the real need to clarify what is the goal of teaching this or that content. It is necessary, in the teacher training, resume and historically contextualize this search for curriculum contents. The risk of prioritizing the discussion about contents is transforming the contents itself into the content goals of education. Reifying the contents contributes to the common process of disconnect teaching from learning. In this case, the educational process becomes a contest of teaching contents, not bothering if these contents were or not learned by the students, which makes education extremely conservative. This phenomenon has it origins in the 1970s, during the curriculum discussions of the various areas of school knowledge. Since then, the concept of didactic transposition has been questioned progressively, in which the curricula were designed as adapted teaching to lower levels of scientific knowledge produced in universities – the place for higher education. The school knowledge, since the 1970s, is considered as autonomous. In other words, knowledge in dialogue with university science, but with typical characteristics of education in school systems. If the curriculum of primary and secondary educations is not the result of the didactic transposition, what content it should be made of? The current paper touches this issue, but subordinates it to most relevant questions about the purposes of learning in inseparable connection with teaching.
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Not intending to exhaust the subject, we will attempt to show the issue status in the construction of the History of Mass Media. An initial literature review, in order to identify works relating to the subject, shows us how this issue has gone unnoticed in Academy. Expert authors in the history of every media outlet (newspaper, radio, television, movies, and more recently, internet) have been rising, but few have faced the challenge of building a History of Media. There are many reasons to justify this. It comes from the fact it is a young science, in construction, to the absence of a clear definition regarding the subject matter, sources, and methods of their own area of expertise. After all, journalism and film, for example, can be inserted in the same methodological procedure?
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This study inserts itself in the research line conceptions on the nature of the science (CNC) in the school atmosphere. More specifically, on that teacher of natural sciences who claims not to be interested in philosophy, it is usually noticed a tendency to understand and to teach a vision of a ready/ finished and unalterable science, which directly influences the students conception of science. Discussed here is the application of a didactic rational reconstruction in high school, the results of which are compatible with a more epistemologically acceptable educational concep tion on the nature of science as something provisory, variable and controversial.
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Neste artigo apresento alguns aspectos históricos e epistemológicos que cercaram a recepção de teoria queer no Brasil e seus desdobramentos políticos, preocupando-me, ainda, em oferecer elementos conceituais que ajudem a situar os aportes dessa proposta para estudantes de graduação, mas não apenas para esse público. O texto se divide em três momentos: (1) breve contextualização do surgimento e das propostas dos estudos queer como campo teórico de contestações relativas ao cenário político e acadêmico dos anos de 1980 nos Estados Unidos e sua chegada ao Brasil no início deste século; (2) as tensões locais entre movimento social e teoria queer, concentrando-me nos argumentos teóricos que temos acionado para apontar o potencial político desta vertente e, finalmente (3) procuro discutir as singularidades da produção teórica nacional associada ao queer, propondo uma epistemologia cucaracha para uma teoria cu, ou seja, um conjunto reflexivo que nos permita pensar para além dos limites canônicos de uma ciência de matriz heteronormativa
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Pós-graduação em Geografia - FCT
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Pós-graduação em Educação Matemática - IGCE