Concerns and Expectations of Students Participating in Study Abroad Programs: Blogging to Reveal the Dynamic Student Voice

Study abroad programmes (SAP) have become increasingly popular with university students and within academia. They are often seen as an experiential opportunity to expand student learning and development, including increases in global, international, and intercultural competences. However, despite the increasing popularity of and participation in study abroad programmes, many student concerns and uncertainties remain. This research investigates initial pre-departure concerns and apprehensions of students undertaking a one-semester study abroad programme and uses these as context for an examination of violated expectations of students during their programme. The research uses interpretative phenomenological analysis to interpret data collected from regularly-updated blogs composed by students throughout their SAP experience. The process of using blogs to collect data is less formalised than many other approaches of interpretative phenomenological analysis, enabling ‘in the moment’ feedback during the SAP and lending greater depth to the understanding of student perceptions.

Widening participation in higher education: the role of professional and social class identities and commitments

Since the neoliberal reforms to British education in the 1980s, education debates have been saturated with claims to the efficacy of the market as a mechanism for improving the content and delivery of state education. In recent decades with the expansion and ‘massification’ of higher education, widening participation (WP) has acquired an increasingly important role in redressing the under-representation of certain social groups in universities. Taken together, these trends neatly capture the twin goals of New Labour’s programme for education reform: economic competitiveness and social justice. But how do WP professionals negotiate competing demands of social equity and economic incentive? In this paper we explore how the hegemony of neoliberal discourse – of which the student as consumer is possibly the most pervasive – can be usefully disentangled from socially progressive, professional discourses exemplified through the speech and actions of WP practitioners and managers working in British higher education institutions.

Student attitudes towards cooperative learning in education

Abstract: Active or participatory learning by the student within a classroom environment has been fairly recently recognized as an effective, efficient, and superior instructional technique yet few teachers in higher education have adopted this pedagogical strategy. This is especially true in Science where teachers primarily lecture to passively seated students while using static visual aids or multimedia projections. Teachers generally teach as they were taught and lecture formats have been the norm. Although student-learning theories as well as student learning styles, abilities, and understanding strategies have changed, traditional teaching techniques have not evolved past the “chalk and talk” instructional strategy. This research looked into student’s perceptions of cooperative learning or team-based active learning in order to gain insight and some understanding as to how students felt about this learning technique. Student’s attitudes were then compared to student grades to detennine whether cooperative learning impeded or ameliorated academic performance. The results revealed significant differences measured in all the survey questions pertaining to perception or attitudes. As a result of the cooperative learning activities, respondents indicated more agreement to the survey questions pertaining to the benefits of cooperative learning. The experimental group exposed to cooperative learning thus experienced more positive attitudes and perceptions than the groups exposed only to a lecture-based teaching and learning format. Each of the hypotheses tested demonstrated that students had more positive attitudes towards cooperative learning strategies. Recommendations as to future work were presented in order to gain a greater understanding into both student and teacher attitudes towards the cooperative learning model.||Résumé: Lapprentissage actif ou préparatoire par létudiant au sein d’une classe a été reconnu assez récemment comme une technique d’enseignement plus efficace. Cependant, peu d’enseignants ont adopté cette stratégie pedagogique pour l'éducation post-secondaire. Ceci est particulièrement le cas dans le domaine des sciences où les enseignants font surtout usage de cours magistraux avec des étudiants passifs tout en utilisant des aides visuelles statiques ou des projections multimédias. Les professeurs enseignent generalement comme on leur a eux-même enseigné et les cours magistraux ont été la norme par le passé. Les techniques traditionnelles d'enseignernent n'ont pas évolué au-delà de la craie et du tableau noir et ce même si les théories sur l’apprentissage par les étudiants ont changé, tout comme les styles, les habiletés et les stratégies de compréhension d’apprentissage des étudiants. Cette recherche se penche sur les perceptions des étudiants au sujet de l'apprentissage coopératif ou de l'apprentissage actif par équipe de telle sorte qu'on puisse avoir un aperçu et une certaine compréhension de comment les étudiants se sentent par rapport à ces techniques d'apprentissage. Les attitudes des étudiants ont par la suite été comparées aux notes de ceux-ci pour déterminer si l'apprentissage coopératif avait nui ou au contraire amélioré leurs performances académiques. Les résultats obtenus dans l'étude d'ensemble révèlent des différences significatives dans toutes les questions ayant trait à la perception et aux attitudes.

Clickers versus hand-raising in the physics college classroom : do clickers make a difference?

Abstract: Students who are actively involved in the learning process tend to develop deeper knowledge than those in traditional lecture classrooms (Beatty, 2007; Crouch & Mazur, 2001; Hake, 1998; Richardson, 2003). An instructional strategy that promotes active involvement is Peer Instruction. This strategy encourages student engagement by asking them to respond to conceptual multiple-choice questions intermittently throughout the lecture. These questions can be responded to by using an electronic hand-held device commonly known as a clicker that enables students’ responses to be displayed on a screen. When clickers are not available, a show of hands or other means can be used. The literature suggests that the impact on student learning is the same, whether the teacher uses clickers or simply asks students to raise their hand or use flashcards when responding to the questions (Lasry, 2007). This critical analysis argues that using clickers to respond to these in-class conceptual multiple-choice questions as opposed to using a show of hands leads to deeper conceptual understanding, better performance on tests, and greater overall enjoyment during class.||Résumé: Les étudiants qui sont activement impliqués dans le processus d'apprentissage ont tendance à développer des connaissances plus approfondies que lors de cours traditionnels (Beatty, 2007; Crouch & Mazur, 2001; Hake, 1998; Richardson, 2003). Une stratégie d'enseignement qui favorise la participation active est l’apprentissage par les pairs. Cette stratégie d’enseignement encourage l'engagement des élèves en leur demandant de répondre à des questions à choix multiples conceptuelles à plusieurs reprises durant le déroulement du cours. Ces questions peuvent être répondues à l'aide d'un appareil portatif électronique (un « clicker ») qui permet d’afficher de façon anonyme les réponses des élèves sur un écran. Si les clickers ne sont pas disponibles, les étudiants peuvent aussi répondre aux questions en levant la main. La littérature suggère que la méthode utilisée n’a pas d’impact sur l'apprentissage des élèves, que l'enseignant utilise des clickers, des flashcards ou qu’il demande simplement aux élèves de lever la main pour répondre aux questions (Lasry, 2007). Cette analyse critique fait valoir que l'utilisation de clickers pour répondre à ces questions à choix multiples conceptuelles en classe, plutôt que de faire lever la main aux étudiants, résulte en une compréhension conceptuelle plus approfondie, une meilleure performance aux examens et plus de plaisir pendant les cours.

Children with intellectual disabilities’ perceptions of their participation in activities in everyday life – a pilot study : A minor field study conducted in Ethiopia

Background: Children with disabilities living in low and middle income countries’ perceptions of participation are not shown in research. These perceptions are important for providing appropriate interventions. Aim: To describe how children aged 8-12 with an intellectual disability living in Ethiopia perceive their situation regarding participation in activities in everyday life. Method: A descriptive design with a quantitative approach was used. The sample was gathered using consecutive sampling. Fifteen structured interviews were conducted, using “Picture my participation,” an instrument under development. Analyses were made using SPSS Statistics and Microsoft Excel. Results: The children perceived that they participated in activities in everyday life. There was a broad variation in the activities the children prioritized as most important. On a group level, they were very involved in these activities. The majority did not experience any barriers to perform these activities. Conclusions: The perceptions of the majority of the children were that they were involved in daily activities. They did not experience any barriers to participation. The results should be read with caution and generalization is not possible, due to the sample characteristics and that the instrument is under development.

O ensino da estatística nos anos finais do ensino fundamental

Result of a professional master course of research work in Teaching Science and Technology of the Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR), this work aims to provide the mathematics teacher of the final years of elementary school a teaching sequence (SE) which includes basic content of Statistics provided in the curriculum. In this book a text about the importance of the teaching of statistics is presented, as well as issues related to literacy skills, reasoning and statistical thinking. The development of the SE was designed considering the presuppositions of contextualization, being structured in six steps. We chose to develop a work with the basic contents of Statistics through real data collected with the participation of students, within a context for them significant. This option was due to be possible to develop with the students situations such as: raising hypotheses , communication situations experienced by different graphs and tables , results of discussion and understanding of the significance of the results obtained by means of statistical calculations. Thus, it is believed to be possible to contribute to the development of statistical skills by the students.

Uma prática colaborativa na construção do portifólio educacional

Acompanha: Unidade didática: elementos de astronomia e energia

Student Digital Experience Tracker Case Study: University of Westminster

Student Digital Experience Tracker Case Study: University of Westminster to describe their participation in the Tracker pilot.

Relatório de estágio

O presente relatório, realizado no âmbito do Mestrado em Educação Pré- Escolar e Ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, pretende fundamentar a Prática Pedagógica Supervisionada desenvolvida em contexto de educação pré-escolar e ensino do 1.º CEB. Será apresentada a contextualização da prática e a importância do trabalho em díade pedagógica, os modelos e metodologias utilizadas em estágio, retratando todo o processo de desenvolvimento profissional e pessoal do mestrando. Os processos formativos basearam-se sempre na metodologia de investigação-ação, quer a formação do mestrando, quer a metodologia de investigação sobre a prática, que permitiu a construção de conhecimentos para a docência. Por este modo, a formação e a prática permitiram desenvolver experiências de ensino que visaram a compreensão das possibilidades de interdisciplinaridade entre as áreas de conteúdo, pela utilização de estratégias diversificadas, de modo a motivar e a envolver as crianças nas aprendizagens. De referir também que todas estas aprendizagens e experiências que foram proporcionadas às crianças, tiveram como base um quadro teórico e metodológico rigoroso. O educador/professor desempenha um papel fundamental na organização e gestão do currículo, e nas estratégias que seleciona. Para as crianças, é fundamental que exista estratégias de motivação e envolvimento, por parte do docente, para criar um ambiente educativo rico em experiências e aprendizagens significativas. Com este ambiente todos vão beneficiar de um ambiente educativo favorável.

Assessing the impacts of community participation policy and practice in Scotland and England

Background: Community participation has become an integral part of many areas of public policy over the last two decades. For a variety of reasons, ranging from concerns about social cohesion and unrest to perceived failings in public services, governments in the UK and elsewhere have turned to communities as both a site of intervention and a potential solution. In contemporary policy, the shift to community is exemplified by the UK Government’s Big Society/Localism agenda and the Scottish Government’s emphasis on Community Empowerment. Through such policies, communities have been increasingly encouraged to help themselves in various ways, to work with public agencies in reshaping services, and to become more engaged in the democratic process. These developments have led some theorists to argue that responsibilities are being shifted from the state onto communities, representing a new form of 'government through community' (Rose, 1996; Imrie and Raco, 2003). Despite this policy development, there is surprisingly little evidence which demonstrates the outcomes of the different forms of community participation. This study attempts to address this gap in two ways. Firstly, it explores the ways in which community participation policy in Scotland and England are playing out in practice. And secondly, it assesses the outcomes of different forms of community participation taking place within these broad policy contexts. Methodology: The study employs an innovative combination of the two main theory-based evaluation methodologies, Theories of Change (ToC) and Realist Evaluation (RE), building on ideas generated by earlier applications of each approach (Blamey and Mackenzie, 2007). ToC methodology is used to analyse the national policy frameworks and the general approach of community organisations in six case studies, three in Scotland and three in England. The local evidence from the community organisations’ theories of change is then used to analyse and critique the assumptions which underlie the Localism and Community Empowerment policies. Alongside this, across the six case studies, a RE approach is utilised to examine the specific mechanisms which operate to deliver outcomes from community participation processes, and to explore the contextual factors which influence their operation. Given the innovative methodological approach, the study also engages in some focused reflection on the practicality and usefulness of combining ToC and RE approaches. Findings: The case studies provide significant evidence of the outcomes that community organisations can deliver through directly providing services or facilities, and through influencing public services. Important contextual factors in both countries include particular strengths within communities and positive relationships with at least part of the local state, although this often exists in parallel with elements of conflict. Notably this evidence suggests that the idea of responsibilisation needs to be examined in a more nuanced fashion, incorporating issues of risk and power, as well the active agency of communities and the local state. Thus communities may sometimes willingly take on responsibility in return for power, although this may also engender significant risk, with the balance between these three elements being significantly mediated by local government. The evidence also highlights the impacts of austerity on community participation, with cuts to local government budgets in particular increasing the degree of risk and responsibility for communities and reducing opportunities for power. Furthermore, the case studies demonstrate the importance of inequalities within and between communities, operating through a socio-economic gradient in community capacity. This has the potential to make community participation policy regressive as more affluent communities are more able to take advantage of additional powers and local authorities have less resource to support the capacity of more disadvantaged communities. For Localism in particular, the findings suggest that some of the ‘new community rights’ may provide opportunities for communities to gain power and generate positive social outcomes. However, the English case studies also highlight the substantial risks involved and the extent to which such opportunities are being undermined by austerity. The case studies suggest that cuts to local government budgets have the potential to undermine some aspects of Localism almost entirely, and that the very limited interest in inequalities means that Localism may be both ‘empowering the powerful’ (Hastings and Matthews, 2014) and further disempowering the powerless. For Community Empowerment, the study demonstrates the ways in which community organisations can gain power and deliver positive social outcomes within the broad policy framework. However, whilst Community Empowerment is ostensibly less regressive, there are still significant challenges to be addressed. In particular, the case studies highlight significant constraints on the notion that communities can ‘choose their own level of empowerment’, and the assumption of partnership working between communities and the local state needs to take into account the evidence of very mixed relationships in practice. Most importantly, whilst austerity has had more limited impacts on local government in Scotland so far, the projected cuts in this area may leave Community Empowerment vulnerable to the dangers of regressive impact highlighted for Localism. Methodologically, the study shows that ToC and RE can be practically applied together and that there may be significant benefits of the combination. ToC offers a productive framework for policy analysis and combining this with data derived from local ToCs provides a powerful lens through which to examine and critique the aims and assumptions of national policy. ToC models also provide a useful framework within which to identify specific causal mechanisms, using RE methodology and, again, the data from local ToC work can enable significant learning about ‘what works for whom in what circumstances’ (Pawson and Tilley, 1997).

As respostas sociais para o estudante do ensino superior com paralisia cerebral

Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Educação de Paula Frassinetti para obtenção do grau de mestre em intervenção comunitária, especialização em contextos de risco

The Impact of a Simulated Clinical Experience on CEGEP Nursing Students’ Perceptions of Self-Efficacy and Achievement

Abstract : Providing high-quality clinical experiences to prepare students for the complexities of the current health-care system has become a challenge for nurse educators. Additionally, there are concerns that the current model of clinical practice is suboptimal. Consequently, nursing programs have explored the partial replacement of traditional in-hospital clinical experiences with a simulated clinical experience. Despite research demonstrating numerous benefits to students following participation in simulation activities, insufficient research conducted within Québec exists to convince the governing bodies (Ordre des infirmières et des infirmiers du Québec, OIIQ; Ministère de L’Éducation supérieur, de la Recherche, de la Science et de la Technologie) to fully embrace simulation as part of nurse training. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of a simulated clinical experience (SCE) as a viable, partial pedagogical substitute for traditional clinical experience by examining the effects of a SCE on CEGEP nursing students’ perceptions of self-efficacy (confidence), and their ability to achieve course objectives. The findings will contribute new information to the current body of research in simulation. The specific case of obstetrical practice was examined. Based on two sections of the Nursing III-Health and Illness (180-30K-AB) course, the sample was comprised of 65 students (thirty-one students from section 0001 and thirty-four students from section 0002) whose mean age was 24.8 years. With two sections of the course available, the opportunity for comparison was possible. A triangulation mixed method design was used. An adapted version of Ravert’s (2004) Nursing Skills for Evaluation tool was utilized to collect data regarding students’ perceptions of confidence related to the nursing skills required for care of mothers and their newborns. Students’ performance and achievement of course objectives was measured through an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) consisting of three marked stations designed to test the theoretical and clinical aspects of course content. The OSCE was administered at the end of the semester following completion of the traditional clinical experience. Students’ qualitative comments on the post -test survey, along with journal entries served to support the quantitative scale evaluation. Two of the twelve days (15 hours) allocated for obstetrical clinical experience were replaced by a SCE (17%) over the course of the semester. Students participated in various simulation activities developed to address a range of cognitive, psychomotor and critical thinking skills. Scenarios incorporating the use of human patient simulators, and designed using the Jeffries Framework (2005), exposed students to the care of families and infants during the perinatal period to both reflect and build upon class and course content in achievement of course objectives and program competencies. Active participation in all simulation activities exposed students to Bandura’s four main sources of experience (mastery experiences, vicarious experiences, social persuasion, and physiologic/emotional responses) to enhance the development of students’ self-efficacy. Results of the pre-test and post-test summative scores revealed a statistically significant increase in student confidence in performing skills related to maternal and newborn care (p < .0001) following participation in the SCE. Confidence pre-test and post-test scores were not affected by the students’ section. Skills related to the care of the post-partum mother following vaginal or Caesarean section delivery showed the greatest change in confidence ratings. OSCE results showed a mean total class score (both sections) of 57.4 (70.0 %) with normal distribution. Mean scores were 56.5 (68.9%) for section 0001 and 58.3 (71.1%) for section 0002. Total scores were similar between sections (p =0.342) based on pairwise comparison. Analysis of OSCE scores as compared to students’ final course grade revealed similar distributions. Finally, qualitative analysis identified how students’ perceived the SCE. Students cited gains in knowledge, development of psychomotor skills and improved clinical judgement following participation in simulation activities. These were attributed to the « hands on » practice obtained from working in small groups, a safe and authentic learning environment and one in which students could make mistakes and correct errors as having the greatest impact on learning through simulation.

A educação intercultural na aula de português no 3º Ciclo do Ensino Básico

Esta investigação foi realizada no âmbito do Doutoramento em Educação, na vertente de Educação e Interculturalidade, tendo como título “A educação intercultural na aula de Português no 3º Ciclo do Ensino Básico”. O principal objetivo foi não só o de conhecer as representações e práticas docentes relativamente à diversidade cultural nas turmas de 3º ciclo do Ensino Básico dos Agrupamentos de Escolas e das Escola Não Agrupadas da freguesia de Arrentela, - concelho do Seixal, península de Setúbal -, como também propor uma “matriz sociocultural” para a disciplina de Português no 3º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e aplicá-la a turmas alvo, permitindo verificar se a mesma propicia uma maior e efetiva participação de todos os alunos, contribuindo para o seu sucesso educativo. Esta investigação alicerçou-se no quadro teórico da educação para a cidadania intercultural, nomeadamente na educação intercultural e no modelo coorientacional de Byram. Este trabalho tomou a forma de estudo de caso, tendo-se recorrido ao paradigma quantitativo e qualitativo, tornando-os complementares na recolha de dados. No decorrer desta investigação, efetuou-se um processo de investigação exploratória, tendo-se realizado pesquisa documental para uma breve caracterização da Península de Setúbal, do concelho do Seixal, da freguesia de Arrentela. Fez-se um levantamento de dados sobre a diversidade cultural das escolas com 3º ciclo do Ensino Básico desta freguesia e sobre o insucesso dos alunos no exame de Português de 9º ano. Utilizou-se, ainda, um inquérito por questionário a vinte e um docentes do grupo 300 que lecionaram Português no 3º ciclo do Ensino Básico das escolas supra mencionadas, nos anos letivos 2011/2012, 2012/2013/ 2013-2014 (alguns dos quais ainda lecionam), para conhecer as representações docentes e práticas letivas recorrentes em escolas pluriculturais. A análise dos primeiros dados recolhidos por inquérito por questionário demonstrou que, para os docentes inquiridos, o objetivo primordial da educação intercultural é a abertura e aproximação ao Outro. No que concerne as práticas letivas, há uma preocupação dos professores em aproveitar uma parte do manancial e da riqueza da diversidade cultural das turmas heterogéneas, nomeadamente na prática da leitura/escuta, (re)escrita, na divulgação de textos enriquecedores entre cultura(s), na comparação entre culturas, na promoção de atividades colaborativas, nas atividades integrando a cultura de origem ou de herança. Verificou-se ainda que os materiais privilegiados na sala de aula são maioritariamente os manuais escolares e a compilação de textos emanados pelas editoras de livros escolares. Uma vez que os manuais escolares não contemplam muitas culturas, os docentes utilizam, em menor percentagem, textos de todo o género que permitem a comparação entre culturas, uma atitude crítica e a descentração. Relativamente à colaboração entre alunos, esta é essencialmente realizada através do trabalho de pares, enquanto a cooperação entre escola/comunidade é desenvolvida sobretudo por exposição e eventos escolares abertos à população e por atividades que podem ser corealizadas por alunos e Encarregados de Educação e/ou seus familiares. Como causas para a não implementação da educação intercultural nas aulas de Português, os inquiridos denunciaram fatores fulcrais como a ausência de formação adequada e de materiais didáticos e pedagógicos adequados ou o comportamento dos alunos, entre outros. Posteriormente, foi produzido e aplicado um inquérito por questionário a três turmas heterogéneas escolhidas (7.°, 8.° e 9.° anos) para sua posterior caracterização. Após esta etapa, foram recolhidos e selecionados materiais e atividades pedagógicos que foram integrados numa proposta de “matriz sociocultural” (Costa Afonso, 2002) aberta a modificações, transversal a outras disciplinas, baseada nas diversas identidades socioculturais dos alunos presentes em sala de aula, alicerçada, por um lado, essencialmente, no domínio da educação literária, por outro, na ponte que deve ser, continuamente, estabelecida entre escola/ comunidade local/ comunidade global. Nesta proposta é visível a preocupação na procura de textos literários canónicos, cujos conteúdos culturais permitam o contacto com a alteridade, com outras cosmovisões capazes de promover, por um lado, a desconstrução de preconceitos, estereótipos, do racismo e/ou suas manifestações, por outro, proporcionar a compreensão, a valorização crítica de culturas, a consciencialização da necessidade de liberdade, criatividade e reflexão crítica na criação de um mundo mais justo e na sustentação de um estado democrático. Aquando da aplicação experimental da “matriz”, envolvido nas interações comunicacionais interculturais propiciadas pelos materiais e atividades/projetos subsequentes, o discente assumiu o papel de sujeito sociocultural crítico, cidadão ativo e responsável. Da aplicação experimental foi efetuado um registo dos acontecimentos mais pertinentes. Outras sugestões de atividades/projetos foram veiculadas.

O ensino de conceitos de física quântica no ensino médio utilizando experimentos de baixo custo

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Física, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, Mestrado Nacional Profissional em Ensino de Física, 2015.

Public and user participation in public service delivery: tensions in policy and practice

Social-scientific analysis of public-participation initiatives has proliferated in recent years. This review article discusses some key aspects of recent work. Firstly, it analyses some of the justifications put forward for public participation, drawing attention to differences and overlaps between rationales premised on democratic representation/representativeness and those based on more technocratic ideas about the knowledge that the public can offer. Secondly, it considers certain tensions in policy discourses on participation, focusing in particular on policy relating to the National Health Service and other British public services. Thirdly, it examines the challenges of putting a coherent vision for public participation into practice, noting the impediments that derive from the often-competing ideas about the remit of participation held by different groups of stakeholders. Finally, it analyses the gap between policy and practice, and the consequences of this for the prospects for the enactment of active citizenship through participation initiatives.