Dibujo : artes plásticas y visuales : investigación, innovación y buenas prácticas.

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Ciencias en el aula : una aproximación teórica.

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Adecuación entre Enseñanza Universitaria Técnica y sistema productivo.

Desde una perspectiva doble (Sistema Productivo y Sistema Educativo) el trabajo analiza con detalle la adecuación entre ambos sistemas, intentando extraer datos que permitan mejorarla. Alumnos de último curso de Facultades, Escuelas Técnicas Superiores y de grado medio (n=337 sujetos. Error +/- 0'052) y empresas catalanas (n=180 empresas. Error 0'073. Nivel de confianza del 95 por ciento). Aplicación de encuestas de opinión a alumnos (entrevista directa) y a directivos y personal de empresas (encuestas por correo, tasa de devolución del 36 por ciento). Se evalúan las opiniones de ambos colectivos sobre los temas de adecuación entre Sistema Educativo y Productivo. Cuestionario ad hoc para alumnos con 19 ítems de respuesta cerrada. Cuestionario ad hoc para personal de empresas con 15 ítems de respuesta cerrada. Tablas de frecuencia. El alumno tipo es hombre, con edad entre 22 y 25 años y soltero. A veces compagina trabajo y estudios (éstos han sido elegidos por cuestiones vocacionales y de autorrealización). La mayoría considera que existe una gran inadecuación entre planes de estudio (demasiado teóricos) y exigencias de mercado y sugieren realzar los aspectos prácticos y concertar acuerdos de inserción con las empresas. Sus canales de búsqueda de empleo son la prensa y los contactos personales antes que los canales institucionales. Los puestos que más aprecian son los de investigación y de dirección. Por su parte, las empresas reclutan mayoritariamente a través de la prensa. Su perfil ideal no se decanta por la especialización o por la formación general. Se valoran mucho los aspectos psicológicos seguidos de la experiencia previa. Consideran necesario una colaboración entre la empresa y la Universidad y como vía de inserción laboral el contrato en prácticas. El trabajo recomienda desarrollar planes de estudio más prácticos, reformar los marcos legales para facilitar contratos en prácticas y potenciar los canales institucionales para obtener empleo. En estos puntos la opinión de empresarios y estudiantes coincide. El trabajo incluye amplios anexos legislativos y estadísticos.

Variedad vegetal de la comarca de Sada.

Conocer por medio de la observación directa, las especies arbóreas que se encuentran ubicadas en la provincia de La Coruña. Alumnos y profesores de la segunda etapa de EGB, pertenecientes al Centro piloto Pedro Barrio de la Maza, de Mondego-Sada. La investigación parte de un análisis de las características dominantes de los suelos forestales de la provincia: permeabilidad, acidez, ausencia de cal, etc, y del clima. Posteriormente se realizó una excursión a la Fraga del Eume, para que los alumnos viesen en la realidad lo que habían estudiado. De toda la flora descubierta, los alumnos realizaron en clase un esquema de la vegetación silvestre primitiva del lugar en el que se hablaba del: sauce, abedul, aliso, castaño, espino, arce, roble, laurel, fresno, peral silvestre y madroño. Todas estas especies han sido descritas, una vez clasificadas, en todos sus aspectos: hojas, flores, frutos, virtudes, etc. Finalmente, un estudio sobre los incendios forestales. Todos los árboles de la Fraga son aprovechados por el campesino gallego para múltiples usos: leña, para muebles y construcción, gastronomía, para la fijación de terrenos, ornamentación y obtención de mimbres. Algunos poseen características medicinales. Los efectos del fuego: destruye el arbolado, el microclima, y produce cambios, facilitando la erosión. En el año 1975 se cortaron en el Ayuntamiento de Sada 11.750 árboles, con un total de 4.830 m/3 con un importe de 8 millones de pesetas.

Respuesta educativa para alumnos con desfase curricular.

Se incluye en la memoria una batería de pruebas destinada a los alumnos afectados por las adaptaciones y que incluyen una guía de observación del alumno, indicadores de capacidades básicas, autoevaluación de capacidades adquiridas en la ESO, entrevista estructurada y la hoja de respuesta del test IGF (Inteligencia General Factorial)

La adecuación entre las competencias adquiridas por los graduados y las requeridas por los empresarios

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Plan de formaci??n para profesores de espa??ol : promoci??n de la lengua y cultura espa??olas : 2014-2015

La Consejer??a de Educaci??n en B??lgica, Pa??ses Bajos y Luxemburgo de la Embajada de Espa??a tiene entre sus principales funciones la promoci??n de la lengua y cultura espa??olas en los sistemas educativos de los pa??ses del ??mbito de su competencia. Una de las acciones con m??s relevancia para implementar este objetivo es la formaci??n y actualizaci??n del profesorado que imparte o va a impartir ense??anzas de espa??ol en el Benelux. Con esa finalidad se ha elaborado este plan anual de formaci??n, teniendo en cuenta las necesidades que plantean los profesores de los diferentes ??mbitos y niveles.

A cross-calibration of chlorine isotopic measurements and suitability of seawater as the international reference material

A collection of 24 seawaters from various worldwide locations and differing depth was culled to measure their chlorine isotopic composition (delta(37)Cl). These samples cover all the oceans and large seas: Atlantic, Pacific, Indian and Antarctic oceans, Mediterranean and Red seas. This collection includes nine seawaters from three depth profiles down to 4560 mbsl. The standard deviation (2sigma) of the delta(37)Cl of this collection is +/-0.08 parts per thousand, which is in fact as large as our precision of measurement ( +/- 0.10 parts per thousand). Thus, within error, oceanic waters seem to be an homogeneous reservoir. According to our results, any seawater could be representative of Standard Mean Ocean Chloride (SMOC) and could be used as a reference standard. An extended international cross-calibration over a large range of delta(37)Cl has been completed. For this purpose, geological fluid samples of various chemical compositions and a manufactured CH3Cl gas sample, with delta(37)Cl from about -6 parts per thousand to +6 parts per thousand have been compared. Data were collected by gas source isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) at the Paris, Reading and Utrecht laboratories and by thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) at the Leeds laboratory. Comparison of IRMS values over the range -5.3 parts per thousand to +1.4 parts per thousand plots on the Y=X line, showing a very good agreement between the three laboratories. On 11 samples, the trend line between Paris and Reading Universities is: delta(37)Cl(Reading)= (1.007 +/- 0.009)delta(37)Cl(Paris) - (0.040 +/- 0.025), with a correlation coefficient: R-2 = 0.999. TIMS values from Leeds University have been compared to IRMS values from Paris University over the range -3.0 parts per thousand to +6.0 parts per thousand. On six samples, the agreement between these two laboratories, using different techniques is good: delta(37)Cl(Leeds)=(1.052 +/- 0.038)delta(37)Cl(Paris) + (0.058 +/- 0.099), with a correlation coefficient: R-2 = 0.995. The present study completes a previous cross-calibration between the Leeds and Reading laboratories to compare TIMS and IRMS results (Anal. Chem. 72 (2000) 2261). Both studies allow a comparison of IRMS and TIMS techniques between delta(37)Cl values from -4.4 parts per thousand to +6.0 parts per thousand and show a good agreement: delta(37)Cl(TIMS)=(1.039 +/- 0.023)delta(37)Cl(IRMS)+(0.059 +/- 0.056), with a correlation coefficient: R-2 = 0.996. Our study shows that, for fluid samples, if chlorine isotopic compositions are near 0 parts per thousand, their measurements either by IRMS or TIMS will give comparable results within less than +/- 0.10 parts per thousand, while for delta(37)Cl values as far as 10 parts per thousand (either positive or negative) from SMOC, both techniques will agree within less than +/- 0.30 parts per thousand. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Gaze fixations predict brain activation during the voluntary regulation of picture-induced negative affect

Recent studies have identified a distributed network of brain regions thought to support cognitive reappraisal processes underlying emotion regulation in response to affective images, including parieto-temporal regions and lateral/medial regions of prefrontal cortex (PFC). A number of these commonly activated regions are also known to underlie visuospatial attention and oculomotor control, which raises the possibility that people use attentional redeployment rather than, or in addition to, reappraisal as a strategy to regulate emotion. We predicted that a significant portion of the observed variance in brain activation during emotion regulation tasks would be associated with differences in how participants visually scan the images while regulating their emotions. We recorded brain activation using fMRI and quantified patterns of gaze fixation while participants increased or decreased their affective response to a set of affective images. fMRI results replicated previous findings on emotion regulation with regulation differences reflected in regions of PFC and the amygdala. In addition, our gaze fixation data revealed that when regulating, individuals changed their gaze patterns relative to a control condition. Furthermore, this variation in gaze fixation accounted for substantial amounts of variance in brain activation. These data point to the importance of controlling for gaze fixation in studies of emotion regulation that use visual stimuli.

Effect of acyl chain length on transfection efficiency and toxicity of polyethylenimine

Polyethylenimine (PEI) is an efficient nonviral gene delivery vector because of its high buffering capacity and DNA condensation ability. In our study, the amino groups on the polymeric backbone were acylated using acetic or propionic anhydride to alter the protonation behaviour and the hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance of the polymer. The concentration of acylated primary amines was determined using trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid assay. Results showed that our modified polymers had lower buffering capacities in solutions compared to PEI. The polymers were complexed with plasmid encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein at three different ratios (1:1, 1:2 and 1:10 w/w DNA to polymer) to form polyplexes and their toxicities and transfection efficiencies were evaluated in HEK 293 cells. Acylation reduced the number of primary amines on the polymer and the surface charge, improving haemocompatibility and reducing cytotoxicity. The reduction in the concentration of amino groups helped to optimise DNA compaction and facilitated polyplex dissociation in the cell, which increased transfection efficiency of the modified polymers compared to the parent polymer. Polymers with buffering capacities greater than 50% and less than 80% relative to PEI, showed higher transfection efficiencies than PEI. The propionic anhydride modified polymers had appropriate interactions with DNA which provided both DNA compaction and polyplex dissociation. These systems interacted better with the cell membrane because of their slightly higher lipophilicity and formed polyplexes which were less cytotoxic than polyplexes of acetic anhydride modified polymers. Among the vectors tested, 1:0.3 mol/mol PEI:propionic anhydride in a 1:2 w/w DNA:polymer composition provided the best transfection system with improved transfection efficiency and reduced cytotoxicity.

Orography in a contour dynamics model of large-scale atmospheric flow

The influence of orography on the structure of stationary planetary Rossby waves is studied in the context of a contour dynamics model of the large-scale atmospheric flow. Orography of infinitesimal and finite amplitude is studied using analytical and numerical techniques. Three different types of orography are considered: idealized orography in the form of a global wave, idealized orography in the form of a local table mountain, and the earth's orography. The study confirms the importance of resonances, both in the infinitesimal orography and in the finite orography cases. With finite orography the stationary waves organize themselves into a one-dimensional set of solutions, which due to the resonances, is piecewise connected. It is pointed out that these stationary waves could be relevant for atmospheric regimes.

Transcriptome analysis of grain development in hexaploid wheat

Background: Hexaploid wheat is one of the most important cereal crops for human nutrition. Molecular understanding of the biology of the developing grain will assist the improvement of yield and quality traits for different environments. High quality transcriptomics is a powerful method to increase this understanding. Results: The transcriptome of developing caryopses from hexaploid wheat ( Triticum aestivum, cv. Hereward) was determined using Affymetrix wheat GeneChip (R) oligonucleotide arrays which have probes for 55,052 transcripts. Of these, 14,550 showed significant differential regulation in the period between 6 and 42 days after anthesis ( daa). Large changes in transcript abundance were observed which were categorised into distinct phases of differentiation ( 6 - 10 daa), grain fill ( 12 - 21 daa) and desiccation/maturation ( 28 - 42 daa) and were associated with specific tissues and processes. A similar experiment on developing caryopses grown with dry and/or hot environmental treatments was also analysed, using the profiles established in the first experiment to show that most environmental treatment effects on transcription were due to acceleration of development, but that a few transcripts were specifically affected. Transcript abundance profiles in both experiments for nine selected known and putative wheat transcription factors were independently confirmed by real time RT-PCR. These expression profiles confirm or extend our knowledge of the roles of the known transcription factors and suggest roles for the unknown ones. Conclusion: This transcriptome data will provide a valuable resource for molecular studies on wheat grain. It has been demonstrated how it can be used to distinguish general developmental shifts from specific effects of treatments on gene expression and to diagnose the probable tissue specificity and role of transcription factors.

Assessment of long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid status and clinical outcome in adults receiving home parenteral nutrition

Background & aims: Long term parenteral nutrition rarely supplies the long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The aim of this study was to assess long chain n-3 PUFA status in patients receiving home parenteral. nutrition (HPN). Methods: Plasma phospholipid fatty acids were measured in 64 adult HPN patients and compared with 54 age, sex and BMI matched controls. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors related to plasma fatty acid fractions in the HPN patients, and to identify factors associated with the risk of clinical. complications. Results: Plasma phospholipid fractions of EPA, DPA and DHA were significantly tower in patients receiving HPN. Factors independently associated with tow fractions included high parenteral energy provision, tow parenteral lipid intake, tow BMI and prolonged duration of HPN. Long chain n-3 PUFA fractions were not associated with incidence of either central venous catheter associated infection or central venous thrombosis. However, the fraction of EPA were inversely associated with plasma alkaline phosphatase concentrations. Conclusions: This study demonstrates abnormal long chain n-3 PUFA profiles in patients receiving HPN. Reduced fatty acid intake may be partly responsible. Fatty acid metabolism may also be altered. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.

Molecular cloning and comparative analysis of four beta-galactosidase genes from Bifidobacterium bifidum NCIMB41171

Bifidobacterium bifidum NCIMB41171 carries four genes encoding different beta-galactosidases. One of them, named bbgIII, consisted of an open reading frame of 1,935 amino acid (a.a.) residues encoding a protein with a multidomain structure, commonly identified on cell wall bound enzymes, having a signal peptide, a membrane anchor, FIVAR domains, immunoglobulin Ig-like and discoidin-like domains. The other three genes, termed bbgI, bbgII and bbgIV, encoded proteins of 1,291, 689 and 1,052 a.a. residues, respectively, which were most probably intracellularly located. Two cases of protein evolution between strains of the same species were identified when the a.a. sequences of the BbgI and BbgIII were compared with homologous proteins from B. bifidum DSM20215. The homologous proteins were found to be differentiated at the C-terminal a.a. part either due to a single nucleotide insertion or to a whole DNA sequence insertion, respectively. The bbgIV gene was located in a gene organisation surrounded by divergently transcribed genes putatively for sugar transport (galactoside-symporter) and gene regulation (LacI-transcriptional regulator), a structure that was found to be highly conserved in B. longum, B. adolescentis and B. infantis, suggesting optimal organisation shared amongst those species.