MOLECULAR TYPING OF Candida albicans ISOLATES FROM HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS

SUMMARYIntroduction: The majority of nosocomial fungal infections are caused by Candida spp. where C. albicans is the species most commonly identified. Molecular methods are important tools for assessing the origin of the yeasts isolated in hospitals.Methods: This is a study on the genetic profifiles of 39 nosocomial clinical isolates of C. albicans using two typing methods: random amplifified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and microsatellite, two different primers for each technique were used.Results: RAPD provided 10 and 11 different profiles with values for SAB of 0.84 ± 0.126 and 0.88 ± 0.08 for primers M2 and P4, respectively. Microsatellite using two markers, CDC3 and HIS3, allowed the observation of six and seven different alleles, respectively, with combined discriminatory power of 0.91.Conclusions: Although genetic variability is clear, it was possible to identify high similarity, suggesting a common origin for at least a part of isolates. It is important to emphasize that common origin was proven from yeasts isolated from colonization (urine, catheter or endotracheal secretions) and blood culture from the same patient, indicating that the candidemia must have started from a site of colonization. The combination of RAPD and microsatellite provides a quick and efficient analysis for investigation of similarity among nosocomial isolates of C. albicans.

Culture boundaries in semantic web

Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies.

SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ANTIBIOTICS IN URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN A SECONDARY CARE SETTING FROM 2005-2006 AND 2010-2011, IN SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL: DATA FROM 11,943 URINE CULTURES

Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) has a high incidence and recurrence, therefore, treatment is empirical in the majority of cases. Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the urine cultures performed at a secondary hospital, during two periods, 2005-2006 and 2010-2011, and to estimate the microbial resistance. Patients and methods: We analyzed 11,943 aerobic urine cultures according to basic demographic data and susceptibility to antibiotics in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) for Vitek 1 and 2. Results: Most of our cohort consisted of young adult females that were seen at the Emergency Department. E. coli was the most frequent (70.2%) among the 75 species isolated. Resistance of all isolates was ≥ 20% for trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX), norfloxacin, nitrofurantoin, cefazolin and nalidixic acid. Although E. coli was more susceptible (resistance ≥ 20% for TMP/SMX and nalidixic acid) among all of the isolates, when classified by the number and percentage of antibiotic resistance. Global resistance to fluoroquinolones was approximately 12%. Risk factors for E. coli were female gender and an age less than 65 years. Men and patients older than 65 years of age, presented more resistant isolates. Extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) were identified in 173 out of 5,722 Gram-negative isolates (3.0%) between 2010 and 2011. Conclusion: E. coli was the most frequent microbe isolated in the urine cultures analyzed in this study. There was a significant evolution of bacterial resistance between the two periods studied. In particular, the rise of bacterial resistance to fluoroquinolones was concerning.

Organizational culture influence on information quality - use of business intelligence systems relationship: portuguese context

Dissertação apresentada como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Estatística e Gestão de Informação

A systems biology framework for pathway level culture media engineering: pplication to Pichia pastoris cultures

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Engenharia Química e Bioquímica

The Visual Culture of Human Rights. Observations on Amnesty International

Trabalho de project de Mestrado em Antropologia de Direitos Humanos e Movimentos Sociais

Insulin reduces the requirement for serum in Plasmodium falciparum culture

Insulin added to Plasmodium falciparum cultures (0.2 IU/ml) reduced the requirement for human serum from ten to five percent. This represents an obvious advantage by its serum-sparing effect and by reducing the chances of using contaminated serum in cultures. The growth-promoting ability of insulin was observed eitherin culture- adapted P. falciparum or in newly-isolated samples.

Prevalência de infecção numa população de hemodialisados, em ambiente clínico

RESUMO: Foram estudados, numa análise retrospectiva, 1689 doentes com insuficiência renal crónica (IRC), pertencentes a 11 clínicas de hemodiálise, num período de 1 Janeiro de 2009 a 1 de Janeiro de 2012 (três anos). Utilizaram-se os dados clínicos desses doentes relativos a amostras de hemoculturas, exsudados purulentos e urinas assépticas, de forma a caracterizar os microorganismos existentes e relacionou-se com alguns dados demográficos. Os doentes do sexo masculino estiveram sempre em maior número pelo que também possuíam a maior média de idades nos vários casos. O presente estudo observou que cerca de metade da população em estudo que se encontra em HD possui menos de 68 anos. Na análise aos dados das hemoculturas confirmou-se que o S.aureus é o microrganismo predominante dos casos de infecção, embora exista uma grande diversidade de microorganismos. Verificou-se também, que quanto maior a idade do doente maior é probabilidade de contrair uma infecção. Os doentes que contraíram infecção foram em número similar, pelo que a sua distribuição por sexo também foi idêntica na infecção, mas não o era inicialmente. Para as amostras de hemoculturas, também se observou que quanto maior é a dimensão da clínica (número de doentes), maior é o número de infecções. Embora esta heterogeneidade já tenha sido descrita para outros países, demonstra que possivelmente existe uma oportunidade de nivelar as clínicas pelas melhores clínicas de forma a obter ganhos em saúde. Nas amostras de exsudados purulentos, o microrganismo mais frequente foi S.aureus, observando-se que com o aumento da idade aumenta também o número de infecções. A distribuição por sexo de doentes com e sem infecção foi semelhante. Nas urinas assépticas o microorganismo predominante foi a E.coli. Mais uma vez se observou que com o aumento da idade aumenta o número de infecções. Na distribuição por sexo, os doentes do sexo feminino encontravam-se em maior número, pelo que também foi o género que mais infecções apresentou. Conclui-se que o padrão de microorganismos apresentado foi de encontro com o esperado, existindo uma grande diversidade de microorganismos nas amostras estudadas. Para além disso a heterogeneidade das clínicas apresenta uma oportunidade para um estudo mais aprofundado pelos profissionais interessados na organização e qualidade dos laboratórios de análises.----------ABSTRACT: This retrospective study involves 1689 patients with chronic kidney disease from 11 clinics, from January 1st 2009 to January 1st 2012 (3 years). The Clinical data used for these patients related to blood culture samples, aseptic urine and purulent exudates, in order to characterize the microorganisms within and its relationship to some demographic data. There was a higher number of male patients and their average age distribution was also wider. The present study observed that around half of the studied population that is in HD is below the age of 68 years. While analyzing the data from the blood cultures, it was confirmed that S. aureus is the predominant microorganism in infections, although a wide variety of microorganisms exists. It was also found that the greater the age of the patient, the greater is the probability of contracting an infection. Patients who contracted infection were in similar number so their gender distribution was also similar in infection, even though it was not so initially. For the blood culture samples, it was also observed that the greater the size of the clinic (number of patients), the greater the number of infections. Although this heterogeneity has already been described for other countries, it demonstrates that there is an opportunity to even all the clinics to the best, in order to obtain health gains. In the samples of purulent exudates, the most frequent microorganism was S. aureus, noting that, with increasing age, the number of infections also increases. The distribution of patients by sex with and without infection was similar. In aseptic urines the predominant microorganism was E.coli. Once again, it was observed the number of infections increases with age. In the distribution by gender, female patients were more numerous, and as such this gender suffered more infections. Overall, the pattern of microorganisms that was detected was as expected, with a registered large diversity in the studied samples. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of the clinics presents an opportunity for a more profound study to be undertaken by professionals interested in the quality and organization of clinical analysis laboratories.

Gas emissions on rice culture and its importance on air quality

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia do Ambiente Perfil Gestão de Sistemas Ambientais

International News Reporting in the Multidimensional Network: The socio-demographics, professional culture and newswork of foreign correspondents working across Sub-Saharan Africa

Tese apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em Media Digitais

Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates from cheese whey - pH effect on the acidogenic fermentation stage and nutrient needs of the culture selection stage

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Biotecnologia

Things we see: Portuguese anthropology on material culture

Part of the objects that anthropologists can now find in Lisbon result from the existence of networks with rather diverse historical, social and cultural origins, linking Angola, Mozambique, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Brazil and Portugal, as well as the countries which have attracted all these countries’ diasporas. The publishing of papers by Portuguese and Brazilian anthropologists in this dossier dedicated to consumption might come to generate a productive collaboration between researchers from both countries, which for over five centuries have seen arriving from the other side of the Atlantic strange objects that, in turn, have taken the routes of the diasporas mentioned above, from luxurious and whimsical items as the indigenous leaders’ feathers and the carriages of the Portuguese royalty, to common and irreplaceable goods as the havaianas.

The value of in vitro cell culture of granulocytes in the detection of Ehrlichia

Peripheral blood leukocytes from different animals were isolated from whole blood and maintained in Dulbeco's medium containing homologous serum without antibiotics. After 72 hrs microscopic examination of these cells showed that most animals were infected with Ehrlichia. Observation of thin blood smears from the same animals showed that only two were positive for Ehrlichia. The results of this investigation show that leukocyte culture is superior to the traditional thin blood film method in the detection of Ehrlichia and that asymptomatic carriers are easily detected. The method is inexpensive and does not require specific cell lines although it is necessary to use sterile sera.