Desenvolvimento e caracterização de sensores óticos de qualidade de líquidos

A necessidade de controlar de forma rápida, eficaz e precisa a qualidade de líquidos, principalmente a água, um bem essencial para os seres humanos, conduziu ao desenvolvimento de dispositivos capazes de relacionar a medição de parâmetros físicos com a qualidade da água. Estes dispositivos devem ser capazes de monitorizar os inúmeros parâmetros necessários para aferir a qualidade do líquido, como a turvação, índice de refração, concentração de sedimentos e propriedades cromáticas. Desta forma devem-se recorrer a sensores multiparâmetros. A tecnologia baseada em POF (fibra ótica polimérica) tem sido apontada com elevado potencial no desenvolvimento de sensores óticos nas mais variadas aplicações dado o seu baixo custo, imunidade a interferências eletromagnéticas e flexibilidade. Neste trabalho é proposto um sensor POF multiparâmetro capaz de reunir num único dispositivo a capacidade de medição de altos e baixos valores de turvação, assim como ter a capacidade de medir vários parâmetros em simultâneo e em tempo real. Os resultados permitem avaliar o aumento da capacidade de gama dinâmica de turvação e concentração de sedimentos face aos sensores multiparâmetros já comercializados, uma vez que houve uma boa resposta por parte do sensor para altos e para baixos valores. Um método utilizado para descorrelacionar os diferentes parâmetros foi aplicado com sucesso. A WATGRID LDA. pretende, partindo deste tipo de sensores, disponibilizar aos seus clientes soluções (plataformas) inteligentes e integradas para avaliação e gestão da qualidade dos líquidos para consumo (e.g. água e vinho). Estas soluções irão permitir que os clientes da WATGRID LDA. aumentem a sua eficiência, a qualidade do seu produto e tenham um maior controlo do processo ao mesmo tempo que reduzem custos.

Sistemas de avaliação de tecnologias de saúde: dispositivos médicos

As tecnologias de saúde, nomeadamente medicamentos, dispositivos médicos (DM), procedimentos médicos ou cirúrgicos, entre outros, têm ocupado uma posição de destaque no setor da saúde, e na vida dos seus utilizadores. A inovação e utilização de tecnologias de saúde, e consequente aumento das despesas fizeram emergir a necessidade de avaliação das tecnologias de saúde. Surge assim, a avaliação de tecnologias de saúde (ATS), que tem por objetivo abordar os impactos clínicos, económicos, organizacionais, sociais, legais e éticos de uma tecnologia de saúde, considerando o seu contexto médico específico, bem como as alternativas disponíveis. A ATS pretende que os processos sejam feitos de forma rigorosa, transparente, valorizando e garantindo a sustentabilidade do acesso aos cuidados em saúde. Seguindo a tendência europeia de implementação de políticas e modelos de ATS, Portugal criou o seu próprio sistema de avaliação de tecnologias. O Decreto-Lei nº 97/2015, de 1 de junho veio oficializar a criação do Sistema Nacional de Avaliação de Tecnologias de Saúde (SiNATS). O SiNATS vai permitir uma avaliação não só de medicamentos, mas também de DM e outras tecnologias tendo em consideração a avaliação técnica, terapêutica e económica das tecnologias de saúde com base em fatores sociais, políticos, éticos e a participação de entidades, como, a indústria, as instituições de ensino, as instituições de saúde, os investigadores, os profissionais de saúde, os doentes e as associações dos doentes. O SiNATS vai emitir recomendações e decisões sobre o uso das tecnologias de saúde e possibilitar o ganho em saúde e contribuir para a sustentabilidade do Serviço Nacional de Saúde (SNS). O SiNATS vem permitir a avaliação de DM. O sector dos DM é um sector caracterizado pela inovação, crescimento e também competitividade. A complexidade e especificidade deste sector devem por isso ser tidas em consideração aquando da sua análise. A implementação do SiNATS permitirá avaliar e reavaliar preços, comparticipações, recomendações, contratos ao longo do ciclo de vida de cada DM. No presente momento, ainda é difícil expor os processos através dos quais esta avaliação vai ser processada, uma vez que se aguarda a publicação de despachos e portarias referidos no Decreto-Lei nº 97/2015, de 1 de junho. Tendo em consideração a partilha de informação sobre políticas, métodos, procedimentos de ATS aplicada aos DM na Europa, foram analisados os casos de França e do Reino Unido com o objetivo de alargar o conhecimento acerca do que já é feito a nível Europeu e explorar se os mesmos poderiam ser adaptados à realidade portuguesa. Em França, a ATS está diretamente relacionada com a comparticipação de DM, já no Reino Unido, o National Institute and Centre of Excellence (NICE) tem a responsabilidade de avaliar os DM segundo procedimentos de ATS, mas não está diretamente relacionado com comparticipação. O NICE publica normas de orientação que auxiliam a decisão de aquisição ou não de um DM. Tendo em consideração a informação reunida e descrita, este trabalho também propõe um modelo hipotético sobre o sistema português de avaliação de DM. Este modelo aborda, ainda que não de forma exaustiva, os possíveis processos e procedimentos para a avaliação de DM. Este sistema caracteriza-se pela importância dada ao envolvimento dos stakeholders e partilha de informação com os mesmos, mas também na agilização dos processos, isto é, uma redução e simplificação dos processos de avaliação de DM. A reavaliação de DM durante a sua comercialização também ganha destaque, apontando que cada grupo genérico de dispositivos ou DM inovador dever ser reavaliado a cada cinco anos, ou sempre que informação emergente o justifique. Este modelo representa uma abordagem experimental sobre o futuro do SiNATS aplicado aos DM. A partilha de informação, os fóruns de discussão e o envolvimento da sociedade serão uma mais-valia para que a implementação do SiNATS aos DM seja feita de forma gradual e com a máxima transparência possível.

Modelo institucional do processo de estruturação de empresas de desenvolvimento de software: um estudo de múltiplos casos

Some authors have shown the need of understanding the technological structuring process in contemporary firms. From this perspective, the software industry is a very important element because it provides products and services directly to many organizations from many fields. In this case, the Brazilian software industry has some peculiarities that distinguish it from other industries located in developed countries, which makes its understanding even more relevant. There is evidence that local firms take different strategies and structural configurations to enter into a market naturally dominated by large multinational firms. Therefore, this study aims to understand not only the structural configurations assumed by domestic firms but also the dynamic and the process that lead to these different configurations. To do so, this PhD dissertation investigates the institutional environment, its entities and the isomorphic movements, by employing an exploratory, descriptive and explanatory multiple cases study. Eight software development companies from the Recife's information technology Cluster were visited. Also, a form was applied and an interview with one of the main firm s professional was conducted. Although the study is predominantly qualitative, part of the data was analyzed through charts and graphs, providing a companies and environment overview that was very useful to analysis done through the interviews interpretation. As a result, it was realized that companies are structured around hybrids business models from two ideal types of software development companies, which are: software factory and technology-based company. Regarding the development process, it was found that there is a balanced distribution between the traditional and agile development paradigm. Among the traditional methodologies, the Rational Unified Process (RUP) is predominant. The Scrum is the most used methodology among the organizations based on the Agile Manifesto's principles. Regarding the structuring process, each institutional entity acts in such way that generates different isomorphic pressure. Emphasis was given to entities such as customers, research agencies, clusters, market-leading businesses, public universities, incubators, software industry organizations, technology vendors, development tool suppliers and manager s school and background because they relate themselves in a close way with the software firms. About this relationship, a dual and bilateral influence was found. Finally, the structuring level of the organizational field has been also identified as low, which gives a chance to organizational actors of acting independently

Simulation tools for the analysis of single electronic systems

Developments in theory and experiment have raised the prospect of an electronic technology based on the discrete nature of electron tunnelling through a potential barrier. This thesis deals with novel design and analysis tools developed to study such systems. Possible devices include those constructed from ultrasmall normal tunnelling junctions. These exhibit charging effects including the Coulomb blockade and correlated electron tunnelling. They allow transistor-like control of the transfer of single carriers, and present the prospect of digital systems operating at the information theoretic limit. As such, they are often referred to as single electronic devices. Single electronic devices exhibit self quantising logic and good structural tolerance. Their speed, immunity to thermal noise, and operating voltage all scale beneficially with junction capacitance. For ultrasmall junctions the possibility of room temperature operation at sub picosecond timescales seems feasible. However, they are sensitive to external charge; whether from trapping-detrapping events, externally gated potentials, or system cross-talk. Quantum effects such as charge macroscopic quantum tunnelling may degrade performance. Finally, any practical system will be complex and spatially extended (amplifying the above problems), and prone to fabrication imperfection. This summarises why new design and analysis tools are required. Simulation tools are developed, concentrating on the basic building blocks of single electronic systems; the tunnelling junction array and gated turnstile device. Three main points are considered: the best method of estimating capacitance values from physical system geometry; the mathematical model which should represent electron tunnelling based on this data; application of this model to the investigation of single electronic systems. (DXN004909)

Empreendedorismo nas incubadoras: Reflexões sobre tendências atuais

O empreendedorismo tem sido um tema recorrente nas análises de incubadoras de empresas. O crescimento das incubadoras no Brasil tem se mantido constante desde o final dos anos 1990, mostrando-se um fenômeno relevante para a criação de emprego e renda. Com o objetivo de avaliar o papel das incubadoras na formação empreendedora, tendo em vista a análise feita por McDougall e Alli (2003) sobre o empreendedorismo internacional, este trabalho busca compreender as perspectivas das empresas emergentes para sustentar-se no mercado global. O trabalho está estruturado em quatro seções. A primeira seção apresenta a temática do empreendedorismo e a metodologia adotada para esta análise; a segunda apresenta o referencial teórico, destacando os conceitos de empreendedorismo internacional; a terceira parte descreve o papel das incubadoras a partir de uma análise documental sobre o tema; a quarta parte aponta perspectivas para a formação empreendedora nas incubadoras de empresas.

Aluminum nanoholes for optical biosensing

Sub-wavelength diameter holes in thin metal layers can exhibit remarkable optical features that make them highly suitable for (bio)sensing applications. Either as efficient light scattering centers for surface plasmon excitation or metal-clad optical waveguides, they are able to form strongly localized optical fields that can effectively interact with biomolecules and/or nanoparticles on the nanoscale. As the metal of choice, aluminum exhibits good optical and electrical properties, is easy to manufacture and process and, unlike gold and silver, its low cost makes it very promising for commercial applications. However, aluminum has been scarcely used for biosensing purposes due to corrosion and pitting issues. In this short review, we show our recent achievements on aluminum nanohole platforms for (bio)sensing. These include a method to circumvent aluminum degradation—which has been successfully applied to the demonstration of aluminum nanohole array (NHA) immunosensors based on both, glass and polycarbonate compact discs supports—the use of aluminum nanoholes operating as optical waveguides for synthesizing submicron-sized molecularly imprinted polymers by local photopolymerization, and a technique for fabricating transferable aluminum NHAs onto flexible pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes, which could facilitate the development of a wearable technology based on aluminum NHAs.

Born Globals - da formatação da oportunidade à aprendizagem global

Doutoramento em Gestão.

Otimização de vazão de poços injetores em projeto de injeção de água utilizando simulação por linhas de fluxo

Until the early 90s, the simulation of fluid flow in oil reservoir basically used the numerical technique of finite differences. Since then, there was a big development in simulation technology based on streamlines, so that nowadays it is being used in several cases and it can represent the physical mechanisms that influence the fluid flow, such as compressibility, capillarity and gravitational segregation. Streamline-based flow simulation is a tool that can help enough in waterflood project management, because it provides important information not available through traditional simulation of finite differences and shows, in a direct way, the influence between injector well and producer well. This work presents the application of a methodology published in literature for optimizing water injection projects in modeling of a Brazilian Potiguar Basin reservoir that has a large number of wells. This methodology considers changes of injection well rates over time, based on information available through streamline simulation. This methodology reduces injection rates in wells of lower efficiency and increases injection rates in more efficient wells. In the proposed model, the methodology was effective. The optimized alternatives presented higher oil recovery associated with a lower water injection volume. This shows better efficiency and, consequently, reduction in costs. Considering the wide use of the water injection in oil fields, the positive outcome of the modeling is important, because it shows a case study of increasing of oil recovery achieved simply through better distribution of water injection rates

Iowa Nutrient Reduction Strategy stream water quality monitoring in Iowa : measuring progress (2016)

The Iowa Nutrient Reduction Strategy (NRS) is a research- and technology-based approach to assess and reduce nutrients—nitrogen and phosphorus—delivered to Iowa waterways and the Gulf of Mexico by 45 percent. To measure progress, researchers track many different factors, from inputs (e.g. funding) and the human domain (e.g. farmer perspectives) to land management (e.g. on-farm practices) and water quality. Monitoring Iowa streams provides valuable insight into measuring water quality progress and the reduction of surface water nutrient loss. The Iowa Nutrient Reduction Strategy (NRS) aims to reduce the load, or total amount (e.g. tons), of nutrients lost annually. Researchers calculate the load from water monitoring results, which measure concentration combined with stream flow.

Iowa Nutrient Reduction Strategy annual progress report. Reporting period: June 1, 2015 through May 30, 2016

The Iowa Nutrient Reduction Strategy (NRS) is a research- and technology-based approach to assess and reduce nutrients delivered to Iowa waterways and the Gulf of Mexico. The strategy outlines opportunities for efforts to reduce nutrients in surface water from both point sources, such as wastewater treatment plants and industrial facilities, and nonpoint sources, including farm fields and urban areas, in a scientific, reasonable, and cost-effective manner.

El capital intelectual y su relación con la innovación en la universidad CES

En la sociedad actual del conocimiento las universidades tienen la responsabilidad de generar conocimiento e innovaciones para ofrecer soluciones a problemas de comunidades de interés. Para lograrlo las universidades deben enfocarse en su activo más importante, su capital intelectual. Hasta ahora las investigaciones relacionadas con el capital intelectual y la innovación en las universidades, son limitadas a pesar de ser un elemento estratégico para la dirección de estas organizaciones, ya que estos aspectos le representan valor en el tiempo, por tanto esta investigación busca establecer cuál es la relación que existe entre el capital intelectual y la innovación en la Universidad CES. El objetivo de esta investigación era identificar el grado de relación entre capital intelectual e innovación en la Universidad CES. La metodología del estudio, es un estudio cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo explicativo, con un diseño transversal, que permitió establecer el efecto del capital intelectual sobre la innovación de la Universidad CES. La población del fueron los directivos, líderes de los grupos de investigación y los coordinadores de investigación de la Universidad CES. Según los resultados obtenidos, este estudio determinó que el capital intelectual no tiene una relación estadísticamente significativa con la innovación personal de la Universidad CES y se determinó también que las tres dimensiones del capital intelectual tienen una relación estadísticamente significativa con los resultados de la innovación en la Universidad CES. El principal aporte de este estudio fue ofrecer evidencias sobre el capital intelectual como una de las principales fuentes de innovación para la Universidad.

Life-cycle management of construction projects based on virtual prototyping technology

Life-cycle management (LCM) has been employed in the management of construction projects for many years in order to reduce whole life cost, time, risk and improve the service to owners. However, owing to lack of an effective information sharing platform, the current LCM of construction projects is not effectively used in the construction industry. Based upon the analysis of the information flow of LCM, a virutal prototyping (VP)-based communication and collaboration information platform is proposed. Following this, the platform is customized using DASSAULT sofware. The whole process of implementing the VP-based LCM are also discussed and, from a simple case study, it is demonstrated that the VP-based communication and collaboration information platform is an effective tool to support the LCM of construction projects.

A new undergraduate model for broadly based spatial science curriculum at Queensland University of Technology : diversity in surveying curriculum

This paper provides an overview of the current QUT Spatial Science undergraduate program based in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It discusses the development and implementation of a broad-based educational model for the faculty of built environment and engineering courses and specifically to the course structure of the new Bachelor of Urban Development (Spatial Science) study major. A brief historical background of surveying courses is discussed prior to the detailing of the three distinct and complementary learning themes of the new course structure with a graphical course matrix. Curriculum mapping of the spatial science major has been undertaken as the course approaches formal review in late 2010. Work-integrated learning opportunities have been embedded into the curriculum and a brief outline is presented. Some issues relevant to the tertiary surveying/ spatial sector are highlighted in the context of changing higher education environments in Australia.

A capabilities-based approach to obtaining a deeper understanding of information technology governance effectiveness : evidence from IT steering committees

Given the substantial investment in information technology (IT), and the significant impact IT has on organizational success, organizations consume considerable resources to manage acquisition and use of their IT resources. While various arguments proposed suggest which IT governance arrangements may work best, our understanding of the effectiveness of such initiatives is limited. We examine the relationship between the effectiveness of IT steering committee driven IT governance initiatives and firm's IT management and IT infrastructure related capabilities. We further propose that firm's ITrelated capabilities generated through IT governance initiatives should improve its business processes and firm-level performance. We test these relationships empirically by a field survey. Results suggest that firms' effectiveness of IT steering committee driven IT governance initiatives positively relates to the level of their IT-related capabilities. We also found positive relationships between IT-related capabilities and internal process-level performance. Our results also support that improvement in internal process-level performance positively relates to improvement in customer service and firm-level performance.