Growth, Democracy, and Civil War

Does economic growth affect the likelihood of civil war? Answering this question requires dealing with reverse causation. Our approach exploits that international commodity prices have a significant effect on the income growth of Sub-Saharan African countries. We show that lower income growth makes civil war more likely in non-democracies. This effect is significantly weaker in democracies; as a result, we find no link between growth and civil war in these countries. Our reducedform results also indicate that lower international commodity price growth has no effect on civil war in democracies, but raises the likelihood of civil war incidence and onset in nondemocracies.

Report of Recommendations to the Iowa Civil Rights Commission, June 30, 2005

State Audit Reports

Les proches dans le Code civil

Le législateur du Code civil a introduit le terme « proche » dans de nombreuses dispositions, mais n'en propose aucune définition, ce qui laisse une grande marge de manoeuvre pour son interprétation et son application. La signification et la portée du terme ne seront ainsi pas les mêmes selon le domaine juridique et la situation de fait analysés. Face à cette grande diversité d'usage du terme, l'auteure de la contribution propose de l'appréhender selon les domaines et les buts dans lesquels il est utilisé par le législateur afin de réussir à tracer les contours des différents cercles de proches envisageables.

Ethnic Polarization, Potential Conflict, and Civil Wars

This paper analyzes the relationship between ethnic fractionalization, polarization, and conflict. In recent years many authors have found empirical evidence that ethnic fractionalization has a negative effect on growth. One mechanism that can explain this nexus is the effect of ethnic heterogeneity on rent-seeking activities and the increase in potential conflict, which is negative for investment. However the empirical evidence supporting the effect of ethnic fractionalization on the incidence of civil conflicts is very weak. Although ethnic fractionalization may be important for growth, we argue that the channel is not through an increase in potential ethnic conflict. We discuss the appropriateness of indices of polarization to capture conflictive dimensions. We develop a new measure of ethnic heterogeneity that satisfies the basic properties associated with the concept of polarization. The empirical section shows that this index of ethnic polarization is a significant variable in the explanation of the incidence of civil wars. This result is robust to the presence of other indicators of ethnic heterogeneity, other sources of data for the construction of the index, and other data structures.

Transitory Economic Shocks and Civil Conflict

I examine whether civil conflict is triggered by transitory negative economic shocks. My approach follows Miguel, Satyanath, and Sergenti (2004) in using rainfall as an exogenous source of economic shocks in Sub-Saharan African countries. The main difference is that my empirical specifications take into account that rainfall shocks are transitory. Failure to do so may, for example, lead to the conclusion that civil conflict is more likely to break out following negative rainfall shocks when conflict is most probable following years with exceptionally high rainfall levels.

TERMINOLOGIA DO DIREITO PROCESSUAL CIVIL EM CABO VERDE

O presente trabalho tem como objectivo prioritário propor, a criação de uma base de dados terminológica e textual trilingue – Português – Inglês – Francês no domínio do direito processual civil em Cabo Verde. No entanto, tencionamos no futuro introduzir o caboverdiano como uma quarta língua na base de dados. Assim, os termos e as colocações terminológicas que iremos armazenar estarão na base da preparação dos recursos linguísticos e terminológicos para o ensino do português jurídico nas universidades e institutos superiores do arquipélago, além de ser uma ferramenta indispensável para os juristas, advogados, magistrados, tradutores, entre outros. Focalizámos a nossa análise nas colocações terminológicas nominais que na sua estrutura contemplem pelo menos um adjectivo: apreciação do Supremo Tribunal de Justiça, ampliação da competência territorial, intervenção do tribunal colectivo, etc.

Iowa Civil Rights Commission Annual Reports FY 2009

ICRC works to promote safe, just, and inclusive communities. Safe and inclusive communities are free from discrimination and free from loss of dignity and humanity. Civil rights enforcement helps ensure society receives full benefits of a diverse and inclusive workforce and reduces economic losses from discrimination. To prevent problems and provide a more welcoming economic climate, our agency educates business and industry on civil rights laws and diversity concerns.

Sociedade civil e Educação:A Experiência de Trabalho com ONGs em Angola

As organizações da sociedade civil têm desempenhado um papel de prestador de serviços de educação, de influência de políticas e práticas de educação, essencialmente nos estados considerados frágeis, onde o papel do estado se encontra mais enfraquecido. Esta comunicação visa analisar o papel das ONG’s na educação, em particular na educação básica, com foco nas práticas, modelos de actuação, limites e impacto na possível definição de políticas educativas mais equitativas, no caso concreto de Angola. Tem por base a parceria desenvolvida pela Escola Superior de Educação do Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo neste país, referindo o caso da colaboração com a ONG Acção para o Desenvolvimento Rural e Ambiente em Angola. Esta organização da sociedade civil mostrou ser um veículo de divulgação de inovações, de definição e possível adopção de políticas e de modelos de desenvolvimento mais ajustadas aos contextos.

Audit report on the Iowa Civil Rights Commission for the year ended June 30, 2006

Audit report on the Iowa Civil Rights Commission for the year ended June 30, 2006