The CU-HTK Mandarin broadcast news transcription system

This paper discusses the development of the CU-HTK Mandarin Broadcast News (BN) transcription system. The Mandarin BN task includes a significant amount of English data. Hence techniques have been investigated to allow the same system to handle both Mandarin and English by augmenting the Mandarin training sets with English acoustic and language model training data. A range of acoustic models were built including models based on Gaussianised features, speaker adaptive training and feature-space MPE. A multi-branch system architecture is described in which multiple acoustic model types, alternate phone sets and segmentations can be used in a system combination framework to generate the final output. The final system shows state-of-the-art performance over a range of test sets. ©2006 British Crown Copyright.

Grain Boundary Effects On Plastic Deformation And Fracture Mechanisms In Cu Nanowires: Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Metallic nanowires have many attractive properties such as ultra-high yield strength and large tensile elongation. However, recent experiments show that metallic nanowires often contain grain boundaries, which are expected to significantly affect mechanical properties. By using molecular dynamics simulations, here, we demonstrate that polycrystalline Cu nanowires exhibit tensile deformation behavior distinctly different from their single-crystal counterparts. A significantly lowered yield strength was observed as a result of dislocation emission from grain boundaries rather than from free surfaces, despite of the very high surface to volume ratio. Necking starts from the grain boundary followed by fracture, resulting in reduced tensile ductility. The high stresses found in the grain boundary region clearly play a dominant role in controlling both inelastic deformation and fracture processes in nanoscale objects. These findings have implications for designing stronger and more ductile structures and devices on nanoscale.

Manual de teoria: Microbiologia veterinaria II

El Manual de Teoría de Microbiología II tiene como principal objetivo reunir la mayor información básica de los contenidos establecidos en el programa de la asignatura, de esta forma los estudiantes adquieran los conocimientos necesarios. Les aporta además la forma estructurada para el aprendizaje, lo cual le posi- bilita un método de estudio y establecer las interrelaciones necesarias para un estudio sistemático. Como texto básico podrá después utilizar textos con mayor información teniendo de antemano los conocimientos previos y necesarios. La información reunida en el presente Manual de Microbiología II es el resultado de la recopilación de la información de autores y especialistas, solo nos correspondió sobre las experiencias de los que nos precedieron reunir y estructurar los contenidos. Es necesario establecer para su estudio un pensamiento lógico y de constante interrelación y a la vez de integración hacia el desarrollo de un pensamiento independiente y creativo. Es muy importante establecer un estudio sistemático y el uso de la síntesis y a la vez emplear un método científico, elevada avidez por saber y profundizar para adquirir la formación de un profesional preparado y capacitado para asumir las responsabilidades en el cumplimiento de sus compromisos sociales.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Zr-Cu-Al bulk metallic glasses

Zr49Cu46Al5 and Zr48.5Cu46.5Al5 bulk metallic glasses(BMGs) with diameter of 5 mm were prepared through water-cooled copper mold casting. The phase structures of the two alloys were identified by X-ray diffractometry(XRD). The thermal stability was examined by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). Zr49Cu46Al5 alloy shows a glass transition temperature, T, of about 689 K, an crystallization temperature, T-x, of about 736 K. The Zr48.5Cu46.5Al5 alloy shows no obvious exothermic peak. The microstructure of the as-cast alloys was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The aggregations of CuZr and CuZr2 nanocrystals with grain size of about 20 nm are observed in Zr49Cu46Al5 nanocrystalline composite, while the Zr48.5Cu46.5Al5 alloy containing many CuZr martensite plates is crystallized seriously. Mechanical properties of bulk Zr49Cu46Al5 nanocrystalline composite and Zr48.5Cu46.5Al5 alloy measured by compression tests at room temperature show that the work hardening ability of Zr48.5Cu46.5Al5 alloy is larger than that of Zr48.5Cu46.5Al5 alloy.

Atomistic investigation of the effects of temperature and surface roughness on diffusion bonding between Cu and Al

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are carried out to analyze the diffusion bonding at Cu/Al interfaces. The results indicate that the thickness of the interfacial layer is temperature-dependent, with higher temperatures yielding larger thicknesses. At temperatures below 750 K, the interface thickness is found to increase in a stepwise manner as a function of time. At temperatures above 750 K, the thickness increases rapidly and smoothly. When surface roughness is present, the bonding process consists of three stages. In the first stage, surfaces deform under stress, resulting in increased contact areas. The second stage involves significant plastic deformation at the interface as temperature increases, resulting in the disappearance of interstices and full contact of the surface pair. The last stage entails the diffusion of atoms under constant temperature. The bonded specimens show tensile strengths reaching 88% of the ideal Cu/Al contact strength. (c) 2007 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Adsorption of His-tagged peptide to Ni, Cu and Au (100) surfaces: Molecular dynamics simulation

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are performed to study the interaction of His-tagged peptide with three different metal surfaces in explicit water. The equilibrium properties are analyzed by using pair correlation functions (PCF) to give an insight into the behavior of the peptide adsorption to metal surfaces in water solvent. The intermolecular interactions between peptide residues and the metal surfaces are evaluated. By pulling the peptide away from the peptide in the presence of solvent water, peeling forces are obtained and reveal the binding strength of peptide adsorption on nickel, copper and gold. From the analysis of the dynamics properties of the peptide interaction with the metal surfaces, it is shown that the affinity of peptide to Ni surface is the strongest, while on Cu and An the affinity is a little weaker. In MD simulations including metals, the His-tagged region interacts with the substrate to an extent greater than the other regions. The work presented here reveals various interactions between His-tagged peptide and Ni/Cu/Au surfaces. The interesting affinities and dynamical properties of the peptide are also derived. The results give predictions for the structure of His-tagged peptide adsorbing on three different metal surfaces and show the different affinities between them, which assist the understanding of how peptides behave on metal surfaces and of how designers select amino sequences in molecule devices design. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Aplicabilidade da teoria do desvio de poder no controle da constitucionalidade de atos legislativos : contornos, limites e superação pela teoria dos princípios

Consultoria Legislativa - Área VIII - Área de Direito Administrativo e de Administração Pública.

非晶Cu形成过程及其力学性能的微观机理研究

用分子动力学方法模拟了非晶Cu的形成过程,研究了非晶Cu力学性能的微观机理.用径向分布函数(RDF)和键对分析方法(PA),分析了快速冷却过程中系统内部结构的变化.非晶Cu径向分布函数第2个峰有明显的劈裂,键对分析表明,在快速降温过程中2331,2211和2101键对的增多是径向分布函数第2峰劈裂的原因.对非晶Cu进行拉伸、剪切加载模拟,结果表明,非晶Cu应力达到最大值之后,没有应力值的突降,宏观上出现类似塑性变形的行为.但是,非晶金属变形的微观机理不同于晶体.本文引入微观数密度统计分析,发现加载过程中微观密度呈现非均匀演化,这为理解宏观类似塑性行为的微观机理提供了线索和可能的分析方法.

Declaração judicial de inconstitucionalidade das leis distritais da 5.ª legislatura : uma análise à luz da teoria dos diálogos constitucionais

O trabalho promove um estudo exploratório-analítico sobre as leis distritais da 5.ª Legislatura declaradas inconstitucionais pelo Poder Judiciário, sob o enfoque de sua tramitação legislativa e das características dessas leis. São utilizados conhecimentos acerca dos limites jurídicos opostos ao legislador distrital, do modelo distributivista de comportamento parlamentar, associado a práticas políticas clientelistas, e da concepção da jurisdição constitucional à luz da teoria dos diálogos constitucionais, pela qual a adequada interpretação da Constituição Federal e da Lei Orgânica do Distrito Federal estabelece-se a partir do diálogo dos Poderes da República entre si e com a sociedade civil, e não pela última palavra a ser declarada pelos tribunais judiciários. Com a análise dos dados coletados, pretende-se identificar as principais causas, as características e os autores do fenômeno da declaração judicial de inconstitucionalidade das leis distritais, a fim de possibilitar uma melhor compreensão da comunidade sobre esse complexo tema.

Teoria e prática da atuação das frentes parlamentares : o caso da Frente Parlamentar Mista de Educação em 2011

Descreve o papel e a atuação da Frente Parlamentar Mista de Educação na 54º Legislatura, em 2011. As metas propostas pela Frente e os resultados efetivamente alcançados são examinados à luz das conexões eleitorais que orientam as ações parlamentares, da teoria da escolha racional, da lógica da ação coletiva e da teoria da visibilidade. A preocupação central do estudo é verificar a que serve e a quem serve a criação, ainda que não institucionalizadas, de estruturas corporativas no âmbito do Congresso Nacional, especialmente, no presente caso, de uma Frente Parlamentar que atua de forma discreta, porém vigorosa.