Gestão da cadeia de suprimento e vantagem competitiva: uma análise em setores industriais a partir da visão relacional

This work has as its main purpose to investigate the contribution of supply chain management in order to obtain competitive advantage by companies from the textile industry and from Ceará footwear industry, focusing its analysis mainly in the interorganizational relations (dyadic). For this, the theoretical referential contemplates different explanatory streams of the competitive advantage, detaching the relational perception of the resources theory, as well as, the main presuppositions of the supply chain management which culminates with the development of an analysis sample that runs the empirical study; the one which considers an expanded purpose of the supply chain which includes the government and the abetment institutions as institutional environment representatives. Besides supply chain management consideration as a competitive advantage source, the work also tried to identify other possible competitive advantage sources for the companies of the investigated sectors. It represents a study of multiple interpretive cases, having four cases as a total; meaning two cases in each one of the sectors, which used as a primary data collecting instrument a semi-structured interview schedule. Different methods were used for the data analysis, the content analysis and the constant comparison methods, the analytical procedure originated from the grounded theory research strategy, which were applied the Atlas/ti software recourse. Considering the theoretical referential and the used analysis sample, four basic categories of the work were defined, including its respective proprieties and dimensions: (1) characteristics concerning to the relationship with the supplier; (2) the company relations with the government; (3) the company relations with the abetment institutions and; (4) obtaining sources of competitive advantage. In general, the applied research in the footwear sector revealed that in the relationships of the researched companies related to its suppliers, there is a predominance of the partnership system and the main presuppositions of the supply chain management are applied which contributes for the acquisition of the relational competitive advantage; while in the textile sector, only some of these presuppositions are applied, with little contribution for the relational competitive advantage. The main resource which was accessed by the companies in both sectors through its relationships with the government and the abetment institutions are the tax incentives which, for the footwear companies, contribute for the acquisition of the temporary competitive advantage in relation to the contestants who do not own productive installations in the Northeast region, it also conducts to a competitive parity situation in relation to the contestants who own productive installations in the Northeast region and to the external market contestants; while for the companies of the textile sector, the tax incentives run the companies to a competitive parity situation in relation to its contestants. Furthermore, the investigated companies from the two sectors possess acquisition sources of the competitive advantage which collimate with different explanatory streams (industrial analysis, resources theory, Austrian school and the dynamic capabilities theory), although there is a predominance of the product innovation as a competitive advantage source in both sectors, due to the bond of these with the fashion tendencies

Relações interorganizacionais e eficiência coletiva: um estudo de caso no arranjo produtivo local de confecções do Agreste de Pernambuco

This work is a study in the Local Productive Arrangement of confections from Agreste of Pernambuco, as a relevant sector in economic and social aspect. This research has as central aim to understand how the inter-organizational relations influence the collective efficiency of arrangement. The theoretical framework employed highlights the approaches that deal with the benefits of business agglomeration for the develop­ment of firms and regions. It has discussed the approach of small and medium enter­ prises and industrial districts (SCHMITZ, 1997), which introduce the concept of col­ lective efficiency, explaining that only those externalities explained by Marshall (1996) are not sufficient to explain the competitive advantage of enterprises, expand­ing the idea that organizations achieve competitive advantage not acting alone. To examine the influences of relations in the collective efficiency, it has been taken as analytical perspective theory of social networks (GRANOVETTER, 1973, 1985; BURT, 1992; UZZI, 1997) because it has believe that this approach provides subsi­ dies for a structural analysis of social relationships in face the behavior of human ac­tion. By examining the organizations in a social network, you should understand the reason of this establishment of the relationship, their benefits, and as the information flow takes place and density of links between the actors (Powell; SMITH-DOERR, 1994). As for the methods, this study is characterized as a case study, in according to the purposed objectives, in addition to qualitative method. Also, due to recovering of the historical milestones of the arrangement, it is used a sectional approach with longitudinal perspective (VIEIRA, 2004). The primary and secondary data were used in order to understand the evolutionary process of the sector and their inter-actors re­ lationships in the arrangement for the promotion of development, for both, was used the contend and documentary analysis technique, respectively (DELLAGNELO ; SIL­VA, 2005). The approach of social networks has permitted understand that social re­lationships may extend the collective efficiency of the arrangement, and therefore need to develop policies that encourage the legalization of informal companies in ar­rangement, by showing up themselves representative. Thus, the relations estab­ lished in LPA of confections from Agreste of Pernambuco need for more effective mechanisms to broaden the collective efficiency. Therefore, this way as take place has directly benefited only a group of companies that are linked in some way the sup­portive institutions. So we can conclude that the inter-actor relations have limited the collective efficiency of LPA, being stimulated by the institutions in support only to groups of entrepreneurs, even those that produce external relations for all clustered companies

O processo de criação do programa Universidade para Todos - PROUNI

From the end of the 80s, the Brazilian higher education experience strong growth, coming from the private sector, which would intensify further in the late 90th Higher education has become a lucrative business. With a drop in the number of students entering and strong competition, the number of idle places in private institutions of higher education reached 49.5% in 2004. That same year, by Measure, was the University for All Program (PROUNI) program, to include high school students from public higher education, offering scholarships to those students in private HEIs. In exchange, the IES gain tax exemption. The objective of this research is to investigate the game of interest occurred in the formulation of this program and identify the model and the political game and has led to the creation of PROUNI, analyzing the process occurred since the wording of a bill, the issue of Measure Law and that the legitimacy PROUNI, with the most important changes made initial model. Since the first draft of the Law to the final Act, the PROUNI was disfigured in its main points, as the percentage of stock for paying students, the process of selection of stock and bond of the IES program. Throughout the process of creating the program, it is quite clear the performance of the institutions representing the private higher education. As reference for the analysis was based on Rational Choice Theory of Political Science. The basic argument of the methods based on rational choice is the maximization of the benefit will be the main motivation of individuals, but they can give that your goals can be achieved more effectively through institutional action and thereby discover that their conduct is shaped by institutions. Thus, individuals rationally choose to get to a certain extent constrained to join in certain institutions, whether voluntarily or not. The PROUNI was submitted by government and public policy covered by the mystical aura of the discourse of social justice and economic development, as in higher education includes a stratum of people who would not have access to the university, due to restrictions in the supply network public higher education. However, the greatest benefit from the program are the private HEIs, which through a difficult time in a scenario marked by high competition and idleness of nearly half of the vacancies offered. The PROUNI became a program that prioritizes access and not the residence of the student to higher education. More serious than a supporting program for students Fellows is a program supporting the institutions of private education

Gestão da cadeia de suprimento e vantagem competitiva: uma análise em setores industriais a partir da visão relacional

This work has as its main purpose to investigate the contribution of supply chain management in order to obtain competitive advantage by companies from the textile industry and from Ceará footwear industry, focusing its analysis mainly in the interorganizational relations (dyadic). For this, the theoretical referential contemplates different explanatory streams of the competitive advantage, detaching the relational perception of the resources theory, as well as, the main presuppositions of the supply chain management which culminates with the development of an analysis sample that runs the empirical study; the one which considers an expanded purpose of the supply chain which includes the government and the abetment institutions as institutional environment representatives. Besides supply chain management consideration as a competitive advantage source, the work also tried to identify other possible competitive advantage sources for the companies of the investigated sectors. It represents a study of multiple interpretive cases, having four cases as a total; meaning two cases in each one of the sectors, which used as a primary data collecting instrument a semi-structured interview schedule. Different methods were used for the data analysis, the content analysis and the constant comparison methods, the analytical procedure originated from the grounded theory research strategy, which were applied the Atlas/ti software recourse. Considering the theoretical referential and the used analysis sample, four basic categories of the work were defined, including its respective proprieties and dimensions: (1) characteristics concerning to the relationship with the supplier; (2) the company relations with the government; (3) the company relations with the abetment institutions and; (4) obtaining sources of competitive advantage. In general, the applied research in the footwear sector revealed that in the relationships of the researched companies related to its suppliers, there is a predominance of the partnership system and the main presuppositions of the supply chain management are applied which contributes for the acquisition of the relational competitive advantage; while in the textile sector, only some of these presuppositions are applied, with little contribution for the relational competitive advantage. The main resource which was accessed by the companies in both sectors through its relationships with the government and the abetment institutions are the tax incentives which, for the footwear companies, contribute for the acquisition of the temporary competitive advantage in relation to the contestants who do not own productive installations in the Northeast region, it also conducts to a competitive parity situation in relation to the contestants who own productive installations in the Northeast region and to the external market contestants; while for the companies of the textile sector, the tax incentives run the companies to a competitive parity situation in relation to its contestants. Furthermore, the investigated companies from the two sectors possess acquisition sources of the competitive advantage which collimate with different explanatory streams (industrial analysis, resources theory, Austrian school and the dynamic capabilities theory), although there is a predominance of the product innovation as a competitive advantage source in both sectors, due to the bond of these with the fashion tendencies

Relações interorganizacionais e eficiência coletiva: um estudo de caso no arranjo produtivo local de confecções do Agreste de Pernambuco

This work is a study in the Local Productive Arrangement of confections from Agreste of Pernambuco, as a relevant sector in economic and social aspect. This research has as central aim to understand how the inter-organizational relations influence the collective efficiency of arrangement. The theoretical framework employed highlights the approaches that deal with the benefits of business agglomeration for the develop­ment of firms and regions. It has discussed the approach of small and medium enter­ prises and industrial districts (SCHMITZ, 1997), which introduce the concept of col­ lective efficiency, explaining that only those externalities explained by Marshall (1996) are not sufficient to explain the competitive advantage of enterprises, expand­ing the idea that organizations achieve competitive advantage not acting alone. To examine the influences of relations in the collective efficiency, it has been taken as analytical perspective theory of social networks (GRANOVETTER, 1973, 1985; BURT, 1992; UZZI, 1997) because it has believe that this approach provides subsi­ dies for a structural analysis of social relationships in face the behavior of human ac­tion. By examining the organizations in a social network, you should understand the reason of this establishment of the relationship, their benefits, and as the information flow takes place and density of links between the actors (Powell; SMITH-DOERR, 1994). As for the methods, this study is characterized as a case study, in according to the purposed objectives, in addition to qualitative method. Also, due to recovering of the historical milestones of the arrangement, it is used a sectional approach with longitudinal perspective (VIEIRA, 2004). The primary and secondary data were used in order to understand the evolutionary process of the sector and their inter-actors re­ lationships in the arrangement for the promotion of development, for both, was used the contend and documentary analysis technique, respectively (DELLAGNELO ; SIL­VA, 2005). The approach of social networks has permitted understand that social re­lationships may extend the collective efficiency of the arrangement, and therefore need to develop policies that encourage the legalization of informal companies in ar­rangement, by showing up themselves representative. Thus, the relations estab­ lished in LPA of confections from Agreste of Pernambuco need for more effective mechanisms to broaden the collective efficiency. Therefore, this way as take place has directly benefited only a group of companies that are linked in some way the sup­portive institutions. So we can conclude that the inter-actor relations have limited the collective efficiency of LPA, being stimulated by the institutions in support only to groups of entrepreneurs, even those that produce external relations for all clustered companies

O processo de criação do programa Universidade para Todos - PROUNI

From the end of the 80s, the Brazilian higher education experience strong growth, coming from the private sector, which would intensify further in the late 90th Higher education has become a lucrative business. With a drop in the number of students entering and strong competition, the number of idle places in private institutions of higher education reached 49.5% in 2004. That same year, by Measure, was the University for All Program (PROUNI) program, to include high school students from public higher education, offering scholarships to those students in private HEIs. In exchange, the IES gain tax exemption. The objective of this research is to investigate the game of interest occurred in the formulation of this program and identify the model and the political game and has led to the creation of PROUNI, analyzing the process occurred since the wording of a bill, the issue of Measure Law and that the legitimacy PROUNI, with the most important changes made initial model. Since the first draft of the Law to the final Act, the PROUNI was disfigured in its main points, as the percentage of stock for paying students, the process of selection of stock and bond of the IES program. Throughout the process of creating the program, it is quite clear the performance of the institutions representing the private higher education. As reference for the analysis was based on Rational Choice Theory of Political Science. The basic argument of the methods based on rational choice is the maximization of the benefit will be the main motivation of individuals, but they can give that your goals can be achieved more effectively through institutional action and thereby discover that their conduct is shaped by institutions. Thus, individuals rationally choose to get to a certain extent constrained to join in certain institutions, whether voluntarily or not. The PROUNI was submitted by government and public policy covered by the mystical aura of the discourse of social justice and economic development, as in higher education includes a stratum of people who would not have access to the university, due to restrictions in the supply network public higher education. However, the greatest benefit from the program are the private HEIs, which through a difficult time in a scenario marked by high competition and idleness of nearly half of the vacancies offered. The PROUNI became a program that prioritizes access and not the residence of the student to higher education. More serious than a supporting program for students Fellows is a program supporting the institutions of private education

Gestão territorial e geografia dos transportes : o processo de concessão do Aeroporto Internacional de Brasília

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Geografia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia, 2016.

Análise territorial preliminar da macrologística agropecuária: da produção à exportação.

A demanda mundial por commodities agrícolas aumenta anualmente, estimulada pela abertura de novos mercados e pelo crescimento econômico e populacional. Segundo a FAO, o Brasil ocupa o 2° lugar no ranking de países agroexportadores, impulsionado pela soja e milho, que representam 63% do volume total exportado. Apesar da crescente produção e produtividade, a competividade da agricultura brasileira é comprometida por limitações no armazenamento e escoamento da produção. Essa temática é alvo de programas e políticas de governo e parceiros estratégicos do agronegócio, como o Arco Norte ? rota alternativa para escoamento de grãos pelos portos e hidrovias da região Norte e pelo porto de Itaqui, MA. Nosso objetivo neste trabalho é agregar e organizar, em um sistema de informações geográficas, os modais de logística e transporte e os dados das principais cadeias agropecuárias, integrando informações sobre os fluxos de origem e destino da produção e seus insumos. Esses dados estão hoje dispersos em várias fontes oficiais do governo. O intuito é fundamentar a elaboração de estudos de monitoramento, gestão e inteligência territorial da macrologística brasileira em diferentes recortes e granularidades espaciais. Análises preliminares mostram que 49% do volume de grãos produzidos no Brasil é escoado para os portos de Santos, SP, e Paranaguá, PR. Entretanto, a produção de soja e milho concentra-se na região Centro-Oeste (42% da produção nacional). Com o cruzamento dessas informações esperamos subsidiar a priorização de obras que visem redução de custos com a logística, alavancando a competitividade dos produtos agrícolas brasileiros no cenário mundial.

Adversidade familiar e problemas comportamentais entre adolescentes infratores e não-infratores

O presente estudo comparou adolescentes infratores e não-infratores com relação a dois aspectos: grau de adversidade familiar e grau de concordância entre a autopercepção e a percepção dos pais sobre problemas de comportamento dos jovens. Participaram deste estudo 40 adolescentes, 23 atendidos no Centro de Atenção e Apoio ao Adolescente (UNIFESP) e 17 adolescentes considerados infratores sob intervenção da Vara da Infância e da Juventude da comarca de Santos. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Youth Self Report (YSR) e o Índice de Adversidade Familiar de Rutter. O Índice de Adversidade Familiar do grupo de adolescentes infratores foi significativamente maior. Os resultados apontaram ainda que, embora a diferença não tenha sido estatisticamente significante, a porcentagem dos escores de discordância nas percepções sobre problemas de comportamento foi maior entre os adolescentes infratores e seus pais.

Gênero, saúde materna e o paradoxo perinatal

Nos últimos 20 anos, houve uma melhoria de praticamente todos os indicadores da saúde materna no Brasil, assim como grande ampliação do acesso aos serviços de saúde. Paradoxalmente, não há qualquer evidência de melhoria na mortalidade materna. Este texto tem como objetivo trazer elementos para a compreensão deste paradoxo, através do exame dos modelos típicos de assistência ao parto, no SUS e no setor privado. Analisaremos as propostas de mudança para uma assistência mais baseada em evidências sobre a segurança destes modelos, sua relação com os direitos das mulheres, e com os conflitos de interesse e resistências à mudança dos modelos. Examinamos os pressupostos de gênero que modulam a assistência e os vieses de gênero na pesquisa neste campo, expressos na superestimação dos benefícios da tecnologia, e na subestimação ou na negação dos desconfortos e efeitos adversos das intervenções. Crenças da cultura sexual não raro são tidas como explicações 'científicas' sobre o corpo, a parturição e a sexualidade, e se refletem na imposição de sofrimentos e riscos desnecessários, nas intervenções danosas à integridade genital, e na negação do direito a acompanhantes. Esta 'pessimização do parto' é instrumental para favorecer, por comparação, o modelo da cesárea de rotina. Por fim, discutimos como o uso da categoria gênero pode contribuir para promover direitos e mudanças institucionais, como no caso dos acompanhantes no parto

Texto para discuss??o 27: capacita????o de recursos humanos no servi??o p??blico: problemas e impasses

A ??rea de recursos humanos tem sido revalorizada na ??ltima d??cada em fun????o de dois fatores : a revolu????o tecnol??gica e a estabiliza????o macroecon??mica. O advento da economia da informa????o indica claramente a import??ncia do uso intensivo de m??o-de-obra qualificada no processo de ajuste microecon??mico pelo qual t??m passado as empresas, para fazer frente ?? globaliza????o dos mercados e ?? reestrutura????o produtiva. No plano macro, o controle da infla????o relativizou enormemente o peso (e o valor de mercado) dos executivos financeiros em favor de profissionais das ??reas de produ????o, marketing e recursos humanos. Mesmo promissor nos anos 70 e 80, o campo profissional relacionado com a negocia????o dos interesses entre capital e trabalho est?? encolhendo com o decl??nio do fordismo e o advento da acumula????o flex??vel. Mas estas tend??ncias produziram impactos e continuam repercutindo principalmente no setor privado. Enquanto isso, come??am a se espalhar em um processo de lenta difus??o no ??mbito do setor p??blico

Programa de interc??mbio

O Programa de Interc??mbio cria uma oportunidade para maior intera????o do CADE com a sociedade, pela promo????o de oportunidade de experi??ncia pr??tica na ??rea de defesa da concorr??ncia, para jovens em fase de forma????o universit??ria, com o aproveitamento, pelo CADE, da capacidade desses jovens, preparando-os para o trabalho na comunidade e no setor privado. O Programa est?? totalmente desvinculado de uma id??ia de "est??gio". As diversas institui????es de ensino universit??rio e entidades sem fins lucrativos, nacionais e internacionais, manifestam sua inten????o numa coopera????o t??cnica com o CADE, atrav??s de Conv??nios e Protocolos. A partir da assinatura do termo, podem enviar um determinado n??mero de estudantes, inclusive p??s-graduandos, durante seu per??odo de f??rias, com interesse em desenvolver trabalhos nas ??reas da defesa da concorr??ncia. O Programa pretende cumprir um papel educativo ao difundir a cultura da concorr??ncia e ao mesmo tempo ajudar a formar profissionais para atuar na defesa da concorr??ncia. Nesse sentido, tem tido um enorme sucesso, com quase nenhuma propaganda, pois o interesse dos alunos ?? demonstrado perante a institui????o, que procura o CADE para integrar o Programa. Os pedidos t??m chegado de norte a sul do Pa??s e, caso fosse alardeada a exist??ncia desse Programa, o CADE n??o teria condi????es de atender a t??o grande demanda (s??o, em m??dia, 20 estudantes por per??odo), pois ?? um ??rg??o com um quadro muito reduzido de pessoal e h?? a necessidade de um acompanhamento t??cnico junto a esses estudantes, que fazem um trabalho pr??tico de an??lise e aplica????o da legisla????o vigente nas mat??rias em tramita????o no Conselho

Moderniza????o tecnol??gica

O Banco do Nordeste chegara ?? metade da presente d??cada eivado dos v??cios da grande maioria das empresas ent??o contempor??neas: uma estrutura cl??ssica de gest??o, organizada de modo fortemente centralizado, uma ??nfase negocial em administra????o e redu????o de custos e um modelo tecnol??gico voltado para controle, administra????o e contabiliza????o. Esse ??ltimo aspecto refletia uma s??rie de desvios. Nesse contexto, o Projeto Moderniza????o Tecnol??gica foi concebido para implementa????o de a????es e solu????es de tecnologia da informa????o para dar suporte aos neg??cios e gest??o da informa????o do Banco, provendo-o de moderna infra-estrutura, de nova plataforma de softwares b??sicos e aplicativos em ambiente cliente-servidor. A partir de ent??o, incorporou-se ?? cultura da empresa uma forte e sempre constante tend??ncia ?? inova????o, consolidado um novo perfil que destaca o Banco do Nordeste, inexoravelmente, entre as empresas l??deres no uso da tecnologia da informa????o, tanto no setor p??blico quanto no setor privado. O esfor??o empreendido implicou direta ou indiretamente melhorias de todos os processos de trabalho da empresa, resultando em benef??cios concretos no atendimento aos clientes

Parceria p??blico-privada: compreendendo o modelo brasileiro

A necessidade de viabilizar investimentos p??blicos em um contexto de restri????o fiscal impulsionou governos de diversos pa??ses a buscar na parceria com o setor privado a alternativa para a realiza????o de obras e servi??os p??blicos. A experi??ncia paradigm??tica do Reino Unido em programas de parceria p??blico-privada (PPP) norteou a implanta????o de iniciativas semelhantes mundo afora. No Brasil, a aprova????o, em dezembro de 2004, da lei que disciplina as normas para contrata????o de PPP deu in??cio a um processo que passar?? pela defini????o dos projetos priorit??rios e que culminar?? na consolida????o das parcerias como mais um instrumento para a viabiliza????o de obras e servi??os p??blicos de que o pa??s necessita. Esse artigo tem por objetivo elucidar o modelo brasileiro de parcerias p??blico-privadas. Ap??s uma contextualiza????o inicial, s??o discutidos os fundamentos que balizam a implanta????o de um programa de PPP e apresentadas algumas caracter??sticas gerais dos contratos. Por fim, s??o expostos os pontos centrais da lei brasileira.

Modelos de gest??o por compet??ncias na Europa

A no????o de gest??o por compet??ncias ?? muito propagada nos estudos sobre a gest??o dos recursos humanos. Certos pesquisadores evocam at?? uma transfer??ncia do modelo de organiza????o fundado na no????o de fun????o, para outro, baseado na no????o de compet??ncia (LAWLER, 1994). De um ponto de vista hist??rico, a id??ia de considerar-se a compet??ncia foi desenvolvida inicialmente ??? como a maior parte das inova????es nos recursos humanos ??? no setor privado, onde a gest??o por compet??ncias tinha por objetivo principal assegurar melhor competitividade no meio concorrencial. Do ponto de vista sem??ntico, as palavras competi????o e compet??ncia s??o similares. No setor p??blico, a concorr??ncia ?? menos expl??cita, mas n??o menos presente: ela acontece pelo recrutamento, pela reten????o de talentos, pelo acesso aos recursos, pelo fechamento de contratos no mercado ou, ainda, pela busca de resultados. ?? nesse contexto que se explica, em parte, a atra????o das institui????es p??blicas pela gest??o por compet??ncias.