Avanzando con la implementación del Plan de Acción eLAC2007

Avanzando con la implementación del Plan de Acción de ALC sobre la Sociedad de la Información eLAC2007. Avances de Grupos de Trabajo eLAC2007. Indicadores Clave para medir las TIC para el desarrollo La falta de información sobre la Sociedad de la Información en ALC y soluciones en construcción. Seminario en el Caribe sobre Políticas Públicas de TIC. CEPAL y Comisión Europea firman memorando en materias de cohesión social e integración regional El gobierno electrónico y la interoperabilidad ¿Cómo impactan las TIC en la economía? ¿Cuáles son las temáticas más relevantes de eLAC2007? Enfocarse en el Caribe: mucho está pasando y mucho falta por pasar en políticas públicas …y ahora la solución ¿es TV Digital Terrestre y Convergencia Tecnológica en América Latina y el Caribe? Sin monitoreo del eLAC2007 no se constatan los avances. Últimas publicaciones. Preparando la II Conferencia Ministerial sobre la Sociedad de la Información eLAC2007.

Relaciones económicas entre América Latina y el Caribe y la República de Corea: avances y oportunidades

Prologo de Alicia Barcena

A formação docente numa perspectiva sociocultural e interventiva para além dos muros da escola: busca de novas práticas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Integração regional, fundos estruturais e estabilidade institucional no Mercosul: a criação do FOCEM

Este artigo analisa a criação e implementação do Fundo para Convergência Estrutural do Mercosul (FOCEM) frente ao contexto político-institucional do bloco e às estratégias de política externa dos seus sócios. Procura demonstrar que, para além de seu objetivo declarado de promover a convergência estrutural e a coesão social entre os Estados-membros, o fundo estabeleceu-se também como instrumento para evitar o descontentamento das menores economias com os resultados da integração e, assim, contribuir para a estratégia dos sócios maiores, calcada na estabilidade sem aprofundamento institucional do Mercosul.

A construção da memória na sociedade global. Identidades sociais: local x global

Este artigo discute o desenvolvimento dos modelos institucionais atuais de proteção do patrimônio cultural, apresentando alguns problemas que trazem novos sentidos aos trabalhos dedicados à memória social, especialmente em países como o Brasil. Criados com a construção do Estado Nacional esses modelos fundavam-se na idéia de cidadania e nos laços da comunidade nacional. A globalização das relações econômicas, sociais e culturais enfraqueceram o papel das nações como espaços privilegiados de coesão social provocando repercussões imediatas nas políticas de proteção ao patrimônio que, agora, precisam ter foco sobre as sociedades locais.

Il Dionisismo nelle comunità puniche: il caso di Mozia

La ricerca sul «Dionisismo nelle comunità fenicie e puniche: il caso di Mozia» prende in considerazione le diverse attestazioni del dionisismo quale si evidenziano, con le sue ricadute politiche e cultuali, nelle comunità fenicie e puniche della Sicilia, della Sardegna e della stessa Cartagine. Accanto ad una lettura testuale utile alla storicizzazione contestualizzata del fenomeno, fra cui lo stesso pitagorismo, si propone un corpus che comprende prodotti delle categorie artigianali che restituiscono iconografie di’ambientazione dionisiaca, testimonî dell'adozione sociale e pubblica di una cultualità la cui origine si mostra sempre più vicina a contesti vicino-orientali. Da una rilettura storicizzata del dionisismo, quindi, si mettono in evidenza con un approccio multidisciplinare e comparativistico le caratteristiche del culto, di cui si sottolinea fra l’altro la componente ctonia. In particolare il santuario tofet, con le sue recenti riletture di santuario cittadino e pluricultuale, sembra proporre analogie fra il mlk e la ritualità dionisiaca. Analogie che confermano la vocazione mediterranea ed interculturali delle comunità fenicie e puniche e che in più di un caso daranno luogo a sincretismi che si trasmetteranno sino ed oltre l’età romana. In questo colloquio interetnico Mozia svolge un ruolo non secondario insieme a Selinunte, vero e proprio laboratorio del sincretismo cultuale della Sicilia Occidentale pre-romana, dove i culti di Zeus Melichios e di Demetra si pongono come realtà rituali fra le più utili alla coesione sociale, quell’analoga coesione solciale elitaria perseguita dal dionisismo.

Anomic Crime in Post-Welfarist Societies. Cult of the Individual, Integration Patterns and Delinquency

Post-Fordist economies come along with post-welfarist societies marked by intensified cultural individualism and increased structural inequalities. These conditions are commonly held to be conducive to relative deprivation and, thereby, anomic crime. At the same time, post-welfarist societies develop a new ‘balance of power’ between institutions providing for welfare regulation, such as the family, the state and the (labour) market – and also the penal system. These institutions are generally expected to improve social integration, ensure conformity and thus reduce anomic crime. Combining both perspectives, we analyse the effects of moral individualism, social inequality, and different integration strategies on crime rates in contemporary societies through the lenses of anomie theory. To test our hypotheses, we draw on time-series cross-section data compiled from different data sources (OECD, UN, WHO, WDI) for twenty developed countries in the period 1970-2004, and run multiple regressions that control for country-specific effects. Although we find some evidence that the mismatch between cultural ideal (individual inclusion) and structural reality (stratified exclusion) increases the anomic pressure, whereas conservative (i. e. family-based), social-democratic (i. e. state-based) and liberal (i. e. market-based) integration strategies to a certain extent prove effective in controlling the incidence of crime, the results are not very robust. Moreover, reservations have to be made regarding the effects of “market” income inequality as well as familialist, unionist and liberalist employment policies that are shown to have reversed effects in our sample: the former reducing, the latter occasionally increasing anomic crime. As expected, the mismatch between cultural ideal (individual inclusion) and structural reality (stratified exclusion) increases the anomic pressure, whereas conservative (i. e. family-based), social-democratic (i. e. state-based) and liberal (i. e. market-based) integration strategies generally prove effective in controlling the incidence of crime. Nevertheless, we conclude that the new cult of the individual undermines the effectiveness of conservative and social-democratic integration strategies and drives societies towards more “liberal” regimes that build on incentive as well as punitive elements.

Individual, Family, and Neighborhood Characteristics and Children's Food Insecurity

A growing body of work documents the influence of neighborhood environments on child health and well-being. Food insecurity is likely linked to neighborhood characteristics via mechanisms of social disadvantage, including access to and availability of healthy foods and the social cohesion of neighbors. In this paper, we utilize restricted, geo-coded data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, which allows us to link individual children with their neighborhood's census characteristics, to assess how the neighborhoods of food secure and food insecure children differ at both the kindergarten level and in third grade. The average food insecure child lives in a neighborhood with a higher proportion of black and Hispanic residents, a higher proportion of residents living in poverty, and a higher proportion of foreign-born and linguistically isolated residents. After accounting for individual and household-level characteristics, children living in neighborhoods with a high proportion of Hispanic and foreign-born residents have a significantly increased risk of food insecurity compared to children living in neighborhoods which are predominantly white and have high socioeconomic status. We argue that interventions which take neighborhood context into account may be most efficacious for curbing child food insecurity.

Rezension zu: Irini Katsirea, Public Broadcasting and European Law

Public broadcasting has always been a regulatory field somewhat zealously guarded within the nation states' sphere and kept willingly untouched by regional or international rules. Values inherent to the role of public broadcasting, such as cultural and national identity, social cohesion, pluralism and a sustained public sphere, were thought too critical and too historically connected with the particular society to allow any "outside" influence. Different regulatory models have emerged to reflect these specificities within the national boundaries of European countries. Yet, as media evolved technologically and economically, the constraints of state borders were rendered obsolete and the inner tension between culture and commerce of the television medium became more pronounced. This tension was only intensified with the formulation of a European Community (EC) layer of regulation, which had as its primary objective the creation of a single market for audiovisual services (or as the EC Directive beautifully put it, a "Television without Frontiers"), while also including some provisions catering for cultural concerns, such as the infamous quota system for European and independent productions. Against this backdrop, public broadcasting makes a particularly intriguing subject for a study of regulatory dilemmas of national versus supranational, integration versus intergovernmentalism, culture versus commerce, intervention versus liberalisation, and all this in the dynamic setting of contemporary media. The present paper reviews Irini Katsirea's book PUBLIC BROADCASTING AND EUROPEAN LAW and seeks to identify whether all elements of the complex governance puzzle of European public service broadcasting rules are analytically well fitted together.

Zufriedenheit von Schülerinnen und Schülern und ihre soziale Integration

Eine gegenstandsbezogene Konzeption von Zufriedenheit geht davon aus, dass sich die Lebenszufriedenheit Jugendlicher von ihrer Zufriedenheit mit der Schule, mit der Klasse und der Lehrperson unterscheidet. Es wurde überprüft, ob sich diese Zufriedenheiten durch soziale Prozesse und Strukturen in der Schulklasse vorhersagen lassen. Im Rahmen einer Längsschnittuntersuchung mit 692 Schülerinnen und Schülern der siebten bis zwölften Klassenstufe aus 50 Schulklassen der Kantone Bern, Aargau und Solothurn (Schweiz) wurden diese Thesen anhand eines standardisierten Fragebogens analysiert. Wahrgenommene Klassenkohäsion und der subjektiv wahrgenommene Klassenstatus erklärten, im Gegensatz zum objektiven Klassenstatus, gemessen mit einem Soziogramm, einen beachtlichen Anteil der gegenstandsspeifischen Zufriedenheit, selbst nach Ablauf eines Jahres. Die Klassenstruktur und die Zufriedenheitsmasse waren sehr stabil. Klassenprozesse erlauben nicht nur Vorhersagen der Klassenzufriedenheit, sondern haben eine generalisierende Wirkung auch auf andere Zufriedenheitsbereiche.

"Mir hei e Verein, i ghöre drzue" - Vereine in der Welterbe-Region

Clubs and societies offer a space for fun and games, sports, and cultural activities. But they do far more than that. They are important places of social identity building. By bringing different people together, they foster social cohesion and integration. And last but not least, they contribute to democratic culture. What kinds of associations exist in and around the Swiss Alps Jungfrau-Aletsch UNESCO World Heritage site, and what do they do?

Computer Simulation of Crowd Dynamics and Destructive Crowd Behavior

The social processes that lead to destructive behavior in celebratory crowds can be studied through an agent-based computer simulation. Riots are an increasingly common outcome of sports celebrations, and pose the potential for harm to participants, bystanders, property, and the reputation of the groups with whom participants are associated. Rioting cannot necessarily be attributed to the negative emotions of individuals, such as anger, rage, frustration and despair. For instance, the celebratory behavior (e.g., chanting, cheering, singing) during UConn’s “Spring Weekend” and after the 2004 NCAA Championships resulted in several small fires and overturned cars. Further, not every individual in the area of a riot engages in violence, and those who do, do not do so continuously. Instead, small groups carry out the majority of violent acts in relatively short-lived episodes. Agent-based computer simulations are an ideal method for modeling complex group-level social phenomena, such as celebratory gatherings and riots, which emerge from the interaction of relatively “simple” individuals. By making simple assumptions about individuals’ decision-making and behaviors and allowing actors to affect one another, behavioral patterns emerge that cannot be predicted by the characteristics of individuals. The computer simulation developed here models celebratory riot behavior by repeatedly evaluating a single algorithm for each individual, the inputs of which are affected by the characteristics of nearby actors. Specifically, the simulation assumes that (a) actors possess 1 of 5 distinct social identities (group memberships), (b) actors will congregate with actors who possess the same identity, (c) the degree of social cohesion generated in the social context determines the stability of relationships within groups, and (d) actors’ level of aggression is affected by the aggression of other group members. Not only does this simulation provide a systematic investigation of the effects of the initial distribution of aggression, social identification, and cohesiveness on riot outcomes, but also an analytic tool others may use to investigate, visualize and predict how various individual characteristics affect emergent crowd behavior.

La cohesión y la seguridad ciudadana : un enfoque global

El artículo revisa el concepto de cohesión social y la noción de seguridad, partiendo del análisis de los profundos desequilibrios y desigualdades sociales que el modelo económico dominante a escala global desde los años 1980 crea o intensifica en América Latina. Centrado en las transformaciones que generaron la pérdida de confianza en las instituciones, en el Estado, en el mercado del trabajo, en la educación, incluso en la religión y en la familia, sobre las cuales reposaba la solidaridad orgánica en el marco de la sociedad industrial capitalista, examina cinco indicadores de la existencia de problemas de inseguridad en relación con la cohesión social. Pone de relieve que el problema de la inseguridad se asocia con la ruptura o la fragilidad de los mecanismos de integración y de mediación social y sostiene la necesidad de reconstruir la cohesión social para alcanzar la seguridad ciudadana, destacando que este proceso se funda en una profunda modificación política, económica y social enfocada en la inclusión social, de la que son co-responsables el Estado y los ciudadanos como actores de su propio desarrollo.

Interpretaciones sobre la redención de censos enfitéuticos en Guatemala a finales del siglo XIX : Los casos de Antigua Guatemala, San Felipe y San Mateo Milpas Altas

En este artículo se analiza la manera en la que tres ayuntamientos del Departamento de Sacatepéquez, Guatemala (Antigua Guatemala, San Felipe y San Mateo Milpas Altas) interpretaron el decreto de redención de censos enfitéuticos de 1877. El objetivo es demostrar que la significación de la propiedad privada estaba vinculada a la relación comunidad-autoridad y a la cohesión social que se generó a partir de la misma, con lo cual se cuestiona la hipótesis historiográfica de que los ayuntamientos indígenas fueron pauperizados y despojados de sus tierras en el Régimen Liberal. Se hace a través de dos vías de análisis: la primera en términos de lo comunitario y la segunda a través de la acción colectiva y el institucionalismo. Finalmente, se logra ver que fue el ayuntamiento no indígena, Antigua Guatemala, el que más rápidamente se pauperizó, mientras los otros dos lograron mantener la dinámica social y el flujo de ingresos aun cuando privatizaron sus tierras

¿Tiempos líquidos? Democracia, universidad y desarrollo en México

Las relaciones entre universidad, democracia y desarrollo han vuelto a la escena política y al debate intelectual latinoamericano en los últimos años. En el contexto de un vago malestar social con las democracias de la región, combinado con la persistencia de los añejos problemas de desigualdad, pobreza, bajo crecimiento económico y debilitamiento de las fuentes de cohesión social; las universidades latinoamericanas se encuentran en el centro de un debate más o menos intenso sobre sus funciones, su orientación y estructuras académicas, de gobierno y de gestión institucional. Paradójicamente, dicho debate ocurre en el marco de una expansión y diversificación sin precedentes de la educación superior en la región. A partir del estudio de caso mexicano, se ensaya una interpretación general de lo ocurrido durante los últimos años en ese contexto, colocando en el centro del análisis a las universidades públicas nacionales. La idea central a explorar es que lo ocurrido en México es la expresión de la transición entre las dos grandes modernidades que sugiere Zygmunt Bauman: la transición de una "modernidad sólida" a una "modernidad líquida"