997 resultados para Assistência social, financiamento, Brasil
Resumo:
O Brasil praticamente alcanou a proviso universal dos servios pblicos de educao, sade e assistência social nos ltimos anos, mas a qualidade desses servios ainda est bem atrs da maioria dos pases desenvolvidos. As instituies de controle so atores relevantes nesse contexto, pois seu dever avaliar a efetividade e a eficincia da proviso desses servios pblicos. Entretanto, pouco se sabe sobre a efetividade dessas instituies, especialmente no Brasil. Os artigos de Olken (2007), Reinikka e Svensson (2004) e Di Tella & Schargrodsky (2000) trazem alguns elementos para essa discusso, ao mostrar como e onde polticas de boas prticas podem funcionar em outros pases. No Brasil, estudos empricos sobre essas polticas so escassos. Nesta tese, meu principal objetivo trazer evidncias sobre a efetividade da auditoria pblica no Brasil. Utilizando um experimento de campo, eu avalio a efetividade do trabalho de auditoria da Controladoria-Geral da Unio (CGU) no mbito do Programa de Fiscalizao a partir de Sorteios Pblicos. Os principais tpicos discutidos aqui so relativos gesto de programas em nvel local e aos processos licitatrios a eles associados. Os municpios no grupo de tratamento so submetidos a um aumento na probabilidade de receber uma auditoria, enquanto os de controle permanecem com probabilidade inalterada. Os resultados sugerem que os gestores locais so sensveis ao tratamento quando focamos as licitaes, mas no quando a questo a gesto de programas. Em seguida ao experimento, utilizo um modelo "Fora da Amostra" para sugerir um mecanismo de alocao de recursos financeiros e humanos, para melhorar os nveis de eficincia do trabalho de campo da CGU
Resumo:
Com a descentralizao que caracterizou a federao brasileira nas ltimas dcadas, os municpios receberam maiores atribuies e responsabilidades, implementando polticas pblicas e provendo servios bsicos populao. Contudo, uma vez que as receitas prprias municipais so capazes de custear apenas parcialmente estas atividades, torna-se necessrio um volume elevado de transferncias que fluem dos nveis centrais aos municpios. Alm do mais, o Brasil um pas de territrio vasto e heterogneo, em que municpios com distintas capacidades de autofinanciamento, bem como diferentes demandas por servios pblicos, convivem no mesmo regime federativo. Diante deste quadro, torna-se fundamental estudar a distribuio dos recursos das transferncias, verificando se os municpios que mais necessitam de suporte financeiro tm sido os efetivamente beneficiados. este processo de reduzir as disparidades horizontais provenientes de diferenas nas bases tributrias e demandas locais d-se o nome de equalizao fiscal. A equalizao fiscal permite que municpes de diferentes jurisdies recebam o mesmo nvel de servios pblicos para dada carga tributria assumida por eles (net fiscal benefit), ou seja, a equalizao promove a equidade na proviso dos servios pblicos, alm de evitar a criao de ineficincia alocativa derivada de migraes motivadas por benefcios fiscais. Para criar a equalizao fiscal as transferncias devem beneficiar aqueles municpios com menor capacidade de autofinanciamento e maiores necessidades fiscais atreladas custos e demandas pelos servios pblicos. Neste sentido, este trabalho busca avaliar o efeito das transferncias intergovernamentais na equalizao fiscal dos municpios, considerando as principais proxies de capacidade fiscal potencial de gerao de receita prpria e necessidade fiscal volume de recursos demandados em virtude das caractersticas da regio e da populao do municpio. A anlise realizada para cada grupo de transferncias, desde aquelas com finalidade essencialmente redistributiva como o FPM at aquelas predominantemente devolutivas, como a cota-parte de ICMS. Os resultados mostram que algumas transferncias como o FPM contribuem pouco para a equalizao fiscal, apesar do objetivo de natureza redistributiva implcito neste repasse, assim como algumas transferncias condicionais, como o FUNDEB, apesar de no almejarem especificamente corrigir as disparidades horizontais na capacidade dos municpios realizarem suas funes, podem significar um efeito positivo para a equalizao fiscal no nvel municipal da federao. Outro resultado importante que desponta na anlise o efeito da transferncia do Bolsa-famlia na equalizao, pois esta transferncia consegue atenuar as distores realizadas pelas demais transferncias distribudas aos municpios. O Bolsa-famlia, apesar de no ser uma transferncia intergovernamental, foi incorporada na anlise por representar um expressivo volume de recursos, por concorrer com recursos de outras transferncias e ainda ter efeito potencial semelhante ao das demais transferncias intergovernamentais no mbito da equalizao fiscal, uma vez que libera recursos no oramento do governo local que, do contrrio, poderiam estar comprometidos com a poltica local de assistência social. Outro resultado a observao de que as transferncias voluntrias afetam menos a equalizao, ou seja, no contribuem para a consecuo deste objetivo nem prejudicam a reduo das disparidades horizontais, sendo relativamente neutras ou menos intervenientes em relao s demandas e capacidade de arrecadao dos municpios, provavelmente por no seguirem critrios, nem econmicos, como o ICMS, nem redistributivos, como o FPM, e sim critrios polticos, como apontado pela literatura de cincia poltica.
Resumo:
Este estudo objetiva averiguar a possibilidade de participao direta ou indireta de capital estrangeiro em operadoras de planos privados de assistência sade, no Brasil, que possuem rede prpria. Utilizando tcnicas interpretativas da hermenutica jurdica, como o mtodo histrico evolutivo, sistemtico e teleolgico, busca-se entender a inteligncia exegtica do artigo 199, 3o, da Constituio Federal. Considerando-se que este dispositivo constitucional vedou a participao direta ou indireta de capital estrangeiro na assistência sade, salvo nos casos previstos em lei, o estudo revela em que hipteses a vedao foi excepcionada e se a exceo infraconstitucional abrange as operadoras de plano de sade que possuem rede prpria. Ademais, o estudo analisa o posicionamento da Agncia Nacional de Sade (ANS), na aquisio da Amil Participaes S.A, pela operadora norte-americana United Health Group Incorporated. A anlise desta operao se torna de muita relevncia ao estudo, pois envolve a maior operadora de planos de sade com rede prpria do pas, alm de ter a presena da maior importncia de capitais estrangeiros na assistência sade na histria do Brasil.
Resumo:
O mercado privado de planos de sade tem sido marcado por aumento dos custos da assistência mdica, ampliao da cobertura de procedimentos, restries nos reajustes dos planos e aumento das garantias de solvncia exigidas pela Agncia Nacional de Sade Suplementar (ANS), impactando o desempenho econmico-financeiro das operadoras de planos de sade. A presente dissertao tem como objetivo analisar o desempenho econmico-financeiro de operadoras das modalidades autogesto, cooperativa mdica, medicina de grupo e seguradora no perodo de 2001 a 2012. Foi utilizada uma base de dados operacionais e contbeis disponvel na pgina eletrnica da ANS, com 5.775 observaes, avaliando-se o desempenho econmico-financeiro por meio de cinco indicadores: Retorno sobre Ativos, Retorno Operacional sobre Ativos, Retorno sobre o Patrimnio Lquido, Liquidez Corrente e Sinistralidade. Dois modelos hierrquicos foram adotados para estimar os efeitos operadora, modalidade e porte no desempenho. Dentre estes, a pesquisa identificou que o efeito operadora responsvel pela maior parte da variabilidade explicada do desempenho. A investigao permitiu identificar as operadoras que apresentaram melhor desempenho no perodo, direcionando a realizao futura de estudos qualitativos visando conhecer os principais fatores que explicam o desempenho superior.
Resumo:
Dados retirados do InfoGlobo. Disponvel em: <http://oglobodigital.oglobo.globo.com/epaper/services/OnlinePrintHandler.ashx?issue=e6102014113000000000001001&page=10&paper=A4&top=37&left=1&width=667&height=513&scale=true&scaleToLandscape=true>.
Resumo:
Este trabalho fruto de uma investigao realizada no doutorado em Histria, Poltica e Bens Culturais do Centro de Pesquisa e Documentao de Histria Contempornea do Brasil da Fundao Getulio Vargas - orientada pela profa. Dra. Bianca Freire-Medeiros - acerca da constituio e implementao do turismo social no Servio Social do Comrcio do estado de So Paulo (Sesc-SP), examinando as circunstncias em que o lazer e as experincias tursticas tornam-se relevantes nas polticas e aes da entidade. Procurou-se entender as transformaes e readequaes que nortearam as iniciativas da instituio e como as modificaes no conceito de turismo social no Brasil e no mundo vm dialogando com suas diretrizes, posturas e intenes. A metodologia privilegiada na pesquisa foi a histria oral temtica, no intuito de fazer o registro da histria do envolvimento de profissionais com o turismo social do Sesc-SP. Foram realizadas vinte e duas entrevistas com (ex)profissionais e feitas algumas visitas Biblioteca do departamento nacional do Sesc (Sesc-DN) e ao setor de memria e documentao (Sesc-Memrias) do departamento regional paulista do Sesc, lugares que congregam documentos importantes relacionados histria do turismo na instituio. Espacialmente a pesquisa situa-se no Sesc-SP, repartio atuante e atenta s ideias e mudanas envolvendo o turismo social, e representativa na histria do fenmeno, no Brasil e no mundo. A circunscrio temporal da pesquisa abarca desde 1979 - ano em que o Sesc de So Paulo passa a desenvolver excurses, passeios e viagens com maior frequncia e tenta se aprofundar conceitualmente do turismo social ao se aproximar de rgos internacionais de relevncia poltica e cientfica na rea - at as aes realizadas em 2013, ano no qual termino a pesquisa de campo e as entrevistas. Durante a trajetria da pesquisa, dialoguei com o perodo que antecede este recorte, acerca dos empreendimentos do Sesc relacionados as prticas de lazer e turismo, gerando o captulo 2. Antes, no captulo 1, tentei reconhecer o lugar do turismo social na histria das atividades tursticas no mundo, entendendo-o enquanto oportunidade de efetivao do direito ao lazer. Para alcance dos intentos da tese, como fontes foram utilizados documentos produzidos em mbito institucional, articulados com a fala dos indivduos entrevistados, trabalho conjugado especialmente no captulo 3, em que trago reflexes a respeito do turismo social desenvolvido pelo Sesc-SP. Dentre as anlises alvitradas, descrevo a dificuldade encontrada pela entidade ao expandir suas atividades tursticas, vindo a sofrer represlias do setor privado. Deve-se destacar que foi possvel perceber a metamorfose conceitual/prtica por qual passara o turismo social no Sesc-SP, agregando diferentes contedos ao fenmeno e modificando seus processos de trabalho e prticas profissionais. Ressalto ainda o papel ideolgico da administrao regional do Sesc-SP dentro do Servio Social do Comrcio no Brasil, notadamente na rea do turismo. Por fim, envolvo no debate da tese as polticas sociais de turismo, compreendido enquanto possibilidade de lazer.
Resumo:
O trabalho analisa o tema do capital social no direito societrio brasileiro. Seu objetivo demonstrar, do ponto de vista jurdico, os malefcios e benefcios que o instituto promove. Apesar de ser tido como um conceito clssico e essencial para as sociedades com limitao de responsabilidade no Brasil, esse instituto vem sendo cada vez mais criticado no sentido de que no desempenha suas funes clssicas (organizao, produo, e proteo de credores) de maneira efetiva nos dias atuais. Nesse contexto, direito societrio moderno vem passando por uma evoluo no sentido de questionar a efetividade de seus institutos. A anlise aqui proposta do capital social segue esse raciocnio. Para auxiliar na interpretao do instituto no Brasil, sero utilizadas sero estudadas as lies e legislaes dos ordenamentos europeu e norte-americano, onde o tema j foi amplamente debatido. O tratamento dado pelo Revised Model Business Corporation Act, legislao modelo norte americana, e da Segunda Diretiva do Capital da Unio Europeia aos instituto sero comparados com o tratamento da Lei das S.A. para o capital social. Por fim, so identificadas algumas particularidades do instituto do capital social em relao aos ordenamentos estrangeiros, que demonstram que uma eventual supresso do conceito de capital social no Brasil possuiria caractersticas prprias que no esto presentes na Europa e nos Estados Unidos. Nesse contexto, sero identificados os custos legislativos que uma eventual mudana do regime de capital social teria no sistema legislativo brasileiro.
Resumo:
Currently the number of elderly in the world and Brazil is growing increasingly. However, old age is still presented as a complex issue that needs more depth. It is extremely important that society should create a discourse committed to reviewing negative stereotypes of old age as well as studies that allow the construction of new looks inclusive , as well as the creation of public policies that favor the elderly category, such as the National Policy and Elderly Statute established recently. The aim of this study is to analyze the spaces of sociability for the elderly Mossley and understand how the collective experiences in these environments influence the quality of life and influence in their depictions of the elderly subjects. To collect data observations were made, semi-structured interviews and wheels conversations with men and women aged 65 to 80 years old, retired, mostly widows, neighborhood residents Abolition in Mossley, participants (CCI) Coexistence Center Seniors Jose Sarney and (CRAS) Reference Center and Welfare. Thus, the spaces facing the elderly are presented as a good alternative for the rehabilitation, the fun and preserve their memories, while the agents posing as productive, active, and transformers of their reality
Resumo:
This thesis is a translation of work of the Brazilian doctor, Pedro da Silva Nava (1903-1984), in particular, his memoirs and chronicles, articulated with the writings of medicine history, aiming to defend that the autobiographical narratives are sources of research capable of promoting discussions on the expansion of the present at the confluence of complex and unequal society in constant changing process as the Brazilian. The theoretical and methodological support circulates around studies, proposals and thesis by Boaventura Santos about empowering past, destabilizing subjectivity, sociology of absences, cosmopolitan reason and translation work. The empirical support drawn from the literature produced by Nava were analyzed with reference this reasoning and studies that have facilitated the flow of translation among others, the studies of Antonio Candido, Arrigucci Jr., Boris Cyrulnik, Beatriz Sarlo, Ecla Bosi, talo Calvino, Jos Willington Germano, Jos Maria Canado, Lev Vygotsky, Marilena Chau, Paul Riceur and Walter Benjamim, without neglecting what we consider indispensable to scientific research, the production of relevant knowledge and prudent, in view of a decent life. The initial inflections reflect the subject of the Memoirs and its education/training, to then place the Memoir subject in the literary context, scientific, historical and Brazilian poetic (1972-2010), bringing great interpreters and discussing the rationale used by the Narrator that we defend stand closer to the cosmopolitan, showing the formation of narratives whose presence insert itself beforehand to modernist verve, linked to the discursive array against the literature as domination space, disseminated in Brazil in the early twentieth century. So, it articulate with those in which the concerns adjust the construction of the social formation of Brazil as a national heritage through literary narrative that focuses on a historical principle that becomes the past empowering, allowing his rereading, whose converge to memory, the lifestyles, the plurality of language and Brazilian culture, formed by several people, converging into a design not of culture but multiculturalism in Brazil. The memory issue was addressed in the space-time of experiences of being that narrates, shaped by a destabilizing subjectivity that sought to order the testimony of a time, a history and society, retelling them by creative imagination, almost fictional, to make circulate his knowledge about Brazil attached to his medical knowledge, as well as other subjects in his living group and other groups with whom they maintained contact. Thus, he portrayed both tangible and intangible cultural assets of the country as a form of preservation, giving them meanings and sense. It approaches, therefore, from the perspective of sociology of absences, the expansion of the present and by the logic inherent in his narratives of self and Brazil
Resumo:
The right to housing is included in several international human rights instruments and in Brazilian legal system integrates the constitutional catalog of fundamental social rights (art. 6) and urban development policy (art. 182 and 183). Besides, it is for all federative governments its effectiveness by building programs and improvement of housing conditions and sanitation (art. 23, IX), which justifies the investment in urban planning and public policy of housing affordability because they are tools for achieving this right. Newer strategies in this area have been based on tax incentives, combined with the mortgage as a way to induce the construction of new housing units or reform those in a precarious situation. However, there is still a deficit households and environmental soundness, compounded with the formation of informal settlements. Consequently, we need constant reflections on the issue, in order to identify parameters that actually guide their housing policies in order to meet the constitutional social functions of the city and ensure well-begins of its citizens (art. 182). On the other hand, the intervention of the government in this segment can not only see the availability of the home itself, but also the quality of your extension or surroundings, observing aspects related to environmental sanitation, urban mobility, leisure and services essential health, education and social assistance. It appears that the smoothness and efficiency of a housing policy condition to the concept of adequate housing, in other words, structurally safe, comfortable and environmentally legally legitimate, viable from the extensive coordination with other public policies. Only to compliance with this guideline, it is possible to realize the right to housing in sustainable cities
Resumo:
Social security has constitutional protection and encompasses health policies, social security and welfare, which are explicitly recognized as a fundamental social right. When workers suffering from work disability are unable to earn income with your work force to support themselves and their families. The State, through the public welfare, contributory and compulsory, has a duty to protect workers in times of misfortune, replacing these income through the provision of social security benefits. Disability the employee has a higher degree of vulnerability, and the granting of disability claims a right sensitive, which can‟t suffer postponements, lest cause legal uncertainty and violating the dignity of the human person. There isn‟t legal definition of disability. The main purpose of the study is the constitutional protection of the worker carrying work disability, seeking to highlight the factors affecting work disability and proposing the use of objective criteria for the grant of social security benefits, because the criteria used are purely medical, based the subjectivity and agency of medical assessor, which hinders the judicial and administrative control of the State. At the time of preparing the expert report, the expert should not consider only tangible aspects, but also social and environmental issues, which contribute to the inability to work and therefore should be considered in granting social security benefits. The granting of social security benefits for incapacity for work is intended to prevent or lessen the impact of individual and social risks in relation to the worker incapacitated, ensuring that the constitutional protection to be effective. The presumed inability, the institute reversing the burden of proof and free conviction motivated are important tools for resolving conflicts between the insured and welfare, finding basis in the insured`s vulnerability, sensitivity and little reliance right at issue in relation to the employee social pension
Resumo:
In this thesis I discuss the role of the psychologist as a university professor and as intellectual from a specific context and also from a specific query. The context is the city of Teresina, capital city of Piau state, which is peripheral in Brazil s northeast region. The defiance here is to build a critical psychological tradition that will deal with the challenges imposed by the reality of poverty and socio-economic backwardness of the region. The greatest difficulty is the lack of a public institution of learning that carries out instruction, research and extension with commitment to social transformation, and with the production of a psychological knowledge that is able to understand local reality. I take it that the undergraduate course in Psychology at UESPI [State University of Piau] is the only one in Teresina that can take over such mission. The query is confronting violence against children and adolescents that defies us to ethically and politically commit to solidarity toward fragile human beings in need of adult involvement in order to survive this daily inhumanity. The involvement of psychologists from Teresina in this must result from a social commitment and a technical competence to deal with prevention and therapeutic consideration toward the victims. This dissertation is divided into three parts: the first is a study on the curriculum and the performance of psychologists, which revises the academic output in Brazil and envisages new queries to the theme, such as the role of teaching inside the curriculum, and presents social security (including Medicare) as the privileged field in which Brazilian psychologists perform. The second part contains a study on the concepts of childhood, adolescence and violence, which presents a consideration on the strategies to confront violence against children and adolescents. In the last part I discuss the role of the psychologist as teacher and intellectual in the context undergraduate course in Psychology at UESPI [State University of Piau] from the commitment to the protection of children and adolescents
Resumo:
Since the first years of the regulation of Psychology as a profession in Brazil, it has been carried out studies on the academic graduation, practice, workplace and the social commitment of the category. Despite the diversity of goals and propositions, these studies show that psychologists have been significantly inserted into the social policies field, implying changes in the profession. Since the 1980s, researches in Rio Grande do Norte corroborate the results of national studies. The aim of this paper is to study the insertion and professional career of psychologists in the social policies field in Rio Grande do Norte. In order to accomplish the final results of this paper, it was developed an exploratory research, with the use of a questionnaire, comprised of four parts: general data, academic graduation, complementary graduation and professional experience. The results show three groups of information: characterization, insertion and professional performance. It has been verified expressive insertion of psychologists into the social policies field (41%). The socio-demographic and graduation characteristics are not different from those shown by literature: women, young, from families with an average of 7 to 15 minimum wages. Most of them graduated from public institutions and with post-graduation studies in clinical area. The professionals studied seem to be in worse working conditions compared to the rest of the category, which are also in unfavorable conditions, especially the psychologists who work in social assistance institutions, which present greater problems in its structure. The activities developed do not show anything new, reserving conservative practices instead of effective innovations, emphasizing the discussion on the profession for not considering demands presented to the psychologists in the social policies field. With unique scenario, the eproduction of liberal values corroborates classic performance standards; an unpolitical and uncritical practice is diffused. It is then reconsidered the importance of critical studies that organize goals to the category, with the aim of political transformation concerning the current scenario.
Resumo:
The objective of this research was to investigate psychologist‟s practices at the Reference Specialized Center of Social Assistance (CREAS), special social care unit of medium complexity of the Unique System of Social Assistance (SUAS). With the creation of CREAS occurred the reorganization of specialized services and programs which were scattered within the socialassitantial network and began to be part of this center, creating a mosaic of actions directed to people with their rights violated. At the same time, there was a significant arrival of psychologists to the field of Social Assistance and their questioning facing specialized social demands and the (un)definitions of SUAS‟ policy concerning to special social protection. Was aimed in this research to investigate how psychologist‟s practices are developed at CREAS using semi-structured interviews and following the practices developed by three psychologists at a CREAS in the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), indicated by the Ministry of Social Development and Fight against Hunger (MDS) as one of the national references in 2008. It was highlighted a complex work field, which is delineated between the users rights perspective and the maintenance of historical difficulties concerning to the Social Assistance. In which the professional is requested to act toward the fight against rights violation, but does not find a field where is possible inter-sector and articulated work, in addition of being exposed to the precariousness of work and the weakness of employment ties, associated to the lack of formation to work in the area. Accordingly, there is still a range of challenges to psychologists in the building of a profession which confront risk situations and break off rights violation.
