Die Entwicklung des Aufwandes in der deutschen Garnelenfischerei und der Versuch einer Standardisierung der jährlichen Einheitsanlandungen (LPUE) zwischen 1976 und 2010

Brown shrimp is a fastgrowing, shortlived species, and all attempts to use stock assessment methodologies typically applied to other fisheries are usually unsuccessful. Here landings per unit effort data (LPUE) for the German fleet based on a number of effort metrics are used as indices of stock size. Their utility in relation to describing stock development and fisheries management is discussed. LPUE estimates indicate that stock sizes between 1976 and 1989 were relatively stable. In 1990, the lowest reported landings of brown shrimps in Germany coincided with severe economic problems for the shrimp fisheries. From 1990 to 2010 standardised annual indices show that both landings and LPUE estimates have increased at variable rates suggesting large stocks of brown shrimps in recent years. This is discussed in relation to the positive effects of reduced predator abundance and favourable climatic factors.

Brasilgo mirari ekonomikoa 1968-1973

Brasilen 1968tik 1973ra emandako hazkunde ekonomiko izugarria. "Mirari" honetara heldu arte aurreko urte korapilatsuak eta honek utzitako krisia ere aztertuz.

La industria automovilística en EEUU de 1908 a 1973: Henry Ford y las nuevas formas de organización del trabajo.

[es]organización del trabajo en la industria del automovil en el s. XX.

Statistiques de pêche en lagune Ebrié (Côte d'Ivoire): 1976 et 1977

In the Ebrié lagoon fishes are mostly caught by means of 6 kinds of fishing gear: small and large mesh gillnets (respectively 1.5-2 and 6.5-8 inches stretched mesh), cast-nets and multi-hooked lines for individual fishermen, and beach seines and ring-nets for collective fishing. Statistical data gathered during 1977 allowed an estimation of total catches: about 6700 tons. The bulk of the catch, 4800 tons, came from beach nets and ring nets, the contribution of which is nearly the same. Individual fishing gear, small mesh gillnets repesenting the main part, account for 25 to 30% of total catch; about 1900 tons for year 1977. Six species, or species groups, comprise more than 85% of the catch. In the Abidjan area, where marine influence is the more noticeable, ring nets are more numerous and their catches increased since 1975. On the other hand, fish captures in unsalted and brackish waters seem to show a stagnancy and a decrease in fish lengths; this phenomenon is probably in connection with beach-seine excessive fishing effort and/or their small meshes (one inch stretched).

Sternes réprises en Côte d'Ivoire au cours des hivernages 1973-1974 et 1974-1975

Data are reported on: (1) date and place of ringing the juveniles and adults of the sea bird of the genus Sterna in Côte d'Ivoire, and (2) date and place of recapture during the winter periods of 1973-74 and 1974-75.

Sistemas económicos: variedades de capitalismo.Planificación en las Economías de la OCDE entre 1945 y 1973/Las Economías de Mercado con Planificación indicativa.

[ES] Este trabajo expone en qué consistió y qué importancia económica y organizativo-administrativa tuvo la denominada planificación indicativa, en los países de la OCDE, en el periodo 1945-1973. Si el empleo de la planificación indicativa es un rasgo común y relevante en casi todos estos países, durante ese periodo, esa institución por sí sola podría servir para establecer la existencia de una variedad diferenciada y significativa del sistema económico capitalista o de economía de mercado: las economías de mercado con planificación indicativa. Además se presentarán los motivos que explican el surgimiento y desaparición de esta institución en esos países y los resultados obtenidos.

Sternes réprises en Côte d'Ivoire au cours des derniers hivernages des années 1969-1970-1971-1972-1973

Data are reported on: (1) date and place of ringing the juveniles and adults of the sea bird of the genus Sterna in Côte d'Ivoire, and (2) date and place of recapture during the winter periods of 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973.

Recherches des larves de thonides dans l'Atlantique tropical-oriental: campagnes effectuées en 1976-1977 par le N/O Capricorne

This study gives the results of oblique plankton hauls (from the sea-surface to the top of the thermocline), made during the dry season (January to March) by oceanographic vessel R.V. Capricorne during three cruises, of tuna larvae research in 1976 and 1977, between the African Coast and the Equator, from 17 degrees W to 9 degrees E.

Le courant de Lomonosov dans le fond du Golfe de Guinée en mai 1973

A cruise of the R. V. Capricorne in May 1973, in inner part of the gulf of Guinea, allowed the authors to identify the main part of the Atlantic circulation at the longitude of 5 degrees E, between 4 degrees N and 4 degrees S. It gave new data on the termination of the equatorial undercurrent. At the equator, under the westward south equatorial current flows the Atlantic equatorial undercurrent with a maximum eastward velocity of 90 cm/sec at 30 m depth linked to a salinity maximum higher than 36.20 ppt. Below the equatorial undercurrent, about 80-100 m depth, flows a westward current with a velocity as high as 30 cm/sec. At 4 degrees S, the south equatorial countercurrent is well delineated by a high salinity core (more than 36.10 ppt) at 30 m depth with an eastward velocity core of 40 cm/sec. On the contrary, near 3 degrees 30N, a high salinity core (36.10 ppt) flows westwards with a speed of 40 cm/sec at 40 m depth: it is the "return flow" of the undercurrent (Hisard and Moliere 1974). At 4 degrees N the Guinea current carries eastwards surface salinities of 34.50 ppt at 40 cm/sec. Off Cape Lopez (0 degrees 35'S-8 degrees 42'E) the high salinity core of the undercurrent becomes wider near the shore. It is 25m wide offshore, and 70 m wide near the cape. A part of undercurrent water extends northwards, then flows westwards with the subsurface westward circulation in the inner part of the Gulf of Guinea. Another part flows south-southwestwards in a high salinity tongue along the African coast to 4 degrees S. South-west of Cape Lopez, the trades divergence contributes to an upwelling of cold and high salinity water; this water increases at the Cape Lopez front.

Carta enviada por R. Bozas Urrutia a Justo Garate en 1976

1 carta (mecanografiada) ; 215x155 mm

水稻"三系"杂优利用研究

我国湖南黔阳农校于1964年开始水稻雄性不育研究，1970年全国各地陆续开展此项研究，当年冬，黔阳农校发现花粉败育的野生稻植株，为我国杂交水稻育成打开了突破口。1970年广东等省相继成立杂优协作组，1971年从湖南引入野败材料，开始了全国性的对水稻野败材料的研究。1972年被列为全国重大科研项目，有19个省市、自治区分别成立了协作组。同年，江西、湖南等省利用野败材料育成“二九矮”、“珍汕97”、“二九南I号”、“71-72”等第一批籼稻雄性不育系和保持系。1973年广东、广西、江西、湖南先后分别利用上述雄性不育系较大群体上获得“IR24”、“IR661”及“泰引一号”、“水田谷6号”等强恢复系，宣告我国水稻“三系”配套，制出第一批强优杂交水稻组合，取得了水稻杂优利用的重大突破。1974年，广西、广东、上海等省市在5600亩大面积上进行生产鉴定，证明取得显著增产效果。1976年全国种植面积100余万亩，到1979年单广东省种植面积就为190万亩，一般可比当家种增产2－3成。水稻“三系”杂优利用已成为我国水稻大面积增产的重要措施，经济效益巨大，1981年国家科委授予全国杂优协作组特等发明奖，广东省杂优协作组为全国五个重点获奖省区之一。

The Great Whales: History and Status of Six Species Listed as Endangered Under the U.S. Endangered Species Act of 1973

In the history of whaling from prehistoric to modern times, the large whales, sometimes called the “great whales,” were hunted most heavily owing in part to their corresponding value in oil, meat, and baleen. Regional populations of North Atlantic right whales, Eubalaena glacialis glacialis, were already decimated by 1700, and the North Atlantic gray whale, Eschrichtius robustus, was hunted to extinction by the early 1700’s (Mitchell and Mead1).