Harjateräspulttien tuotannon kehitys eri kustannusympäristöissä

Työssä kartoitettiin eri kierteenvalmistusmenetelmät ja valittiin sopivin vaihtoehto harjateräspulttien kierteiden valmistukseen. Työssä painotettiin etenkin läpimenoaikaa ja työkalukustannuksia. Valitun menetelmän pohjalta suunniteltiin kolme eri automaatiotason tuotantosolua tuotteiden valmistukseen Suomessa ja Slovakiassa sekä laskettiin niiden investointikustannukset ja – hyödyt. Tuotannonsuunnittelussa otettiin huomioon myös muut pultin valmistusvaiheet kierteenvalmistuksen lisäksi sekä selvitettiin nykyisten prosessiparametrien tehokkuus. Työssä löydettiin nykyistä nopeampi ja työkalukustannuksiltaan halvempi menetelmä kierteiden valmistukseen. Myös nykyisiä prosessiparametreja saatiin nopeutettua. Työn pohjalta valittu tuotantosolu päätettiin toteuttaa käytännön testien onnistuessa.

Design Process of Packaging Laboratory at Lappeenranta University of Technology

The layout design process of the packaging laboratory at Lappeenranta University of Technology is documented in this thesis. Layout planning methods are discussed in general. The systematic layout planning procedure is presented in more detail as it is utilised in the case of layout planning of the packaging laboratory. General demands for research laboratory are discussed both from the machine and product perspectives. The possibilities for commercial food processing in the laboratory are discussed from the point of view of foodstuff processing regulations and hygiene demands. The layout planning process is documented and different layout possibilities are presented. Different layout drafts are evaluated and one layout draft is developed to be the final layout of the packaging laboratory. Guideline for technical planning and implementation based on the final layout is given

Laajennetun lähettämön sisäisten materiaalivirtojen hallinta leipomoteollisuudessa

Työn tavoitteena on esitellä suunnitelma VAASAN Oy:n Vantaan leipomon laajennetun lähettämön materiaalivirtojen hallinasta. Suunnitelma pohjautuu laskelmiin, jotka sisältävät arviot lähettämön kasvavista materiaalivirroista sekä niiden vaikutuksista lähettämön toimintaan. Laskelmien pohjalta määritetään erikokoisten varastointialueiden sijoittelu, varastointikapasiteetit sekä kunkin alueen kuormittuneisuudet. Teoriaosuus käsittelee työn taustaksi keskeisimpiä teorioita materiaalivirtojen hallinnasta, layoutsuunnittelusta sekä lähettämön toiminnoista. Kunkin osa-alueen avulla voidaan vaikuttaa yrityksen materiaalivirtojen hallintaan. Teoriaosuutta koskevaa tietoa on hankittu logistiikan alan kirjallisuudesta, erilaisista tieteellisistä julkaisuista sekä verkkomateriaaleista. Empiirisessä osuudessa esitellään aluksi Vantaan leipomon lähettämön nykyinen toimintaperiaate. Tämän jälkeen arvioidaan laajennetun lähettämön kasvavia materiaalivirtoja. Työn tuloksena esitellään laskelmia apuna käyttäen suunnitelma laajennetun lähettämön materiaalivirtojen hallinnasta.

Sisälogististen materiaalivirtojen -ja materiaalitoimintojen kehittäminen eräässä kokoonpanoyrityksessä

Toimintaympäristön muutokset ja kysynnän monipuolistuminen haastavat useat teollisuuden alan yritykset kehittämään toimintaansa. Varastointi ja sisälogistiikka sisältävät useita yrityksen sisäisen tehokkuuden kehityskohteita. Logististen toimintojen ajankäytöllisen hukan eliminointi ja sisälogistinen selkeys parantavat liiketoiminnan kannattavuutta. Työssä käsitellään yrityksen sisälogistisia materiaalivirtoja, jotka muodostuvat materiaalitoimintojen suorittamista komponenttien ja lopputuotteiden siirroista. Tavoitteina oli lyhentää tuotannon pääkokoonpanon komponenttien keräilyyn kuluvaa aikaa ja selkeyttää sisälogistista systeemiä kehittämällä kokoonpanotuotannon ja sitä palvelevan varastoinnin layoutia, sekä komponenttien varastopaikkoja. Tutkimus perustuu kvantitatiiviseen ja kvalitatiiviseen tutkimusmenetelmään. Sisälogististen osa-alueiden analysointiin käytettiin osallistuvaa havainnointia, haastatteluita, vertailevaa tutkimusta ja datapohjaista aineistoa. Työn tuloksena syntyi kehitysehdotus materiaalivirtojen ja varastoinnin uudeksi rakenteeksi, sekä toimintamalli nimikkeiden varastopaikkojen määrittämiseksi ja työpisteiden järjestyksen ylläpitoon.

Evolution of architectural floor plans

Layout planning is a process of sizing and placing rooms (e.g. in a house) while a t t empt ing to optimize various criteria. Often the r e are conflicting c r i t e r i a such as construction cost, minimizing the distance between r e l a t ed activities, and meeting the area requirements for these activities. The process of layout planning ha s mostly been done by hand, wi th a handful of a t t empt s to automa t e the process. Thi s thesis explores some of these pa s t a t t empt s and describes several new techniques for automa t ing the layout planning process using evolutionary computation. These techniques a r e inspired by the existing methods, while adding some of the i r own innovations. Additional experimenLs are done to t e s t the possibility of allowing polygonal exteriors wi th rectilinear interior walls. Several multi-objective approaches are used to evaluate and compare fitness. The evolutionary r epr e s ent a t ion and requirements specification used provide great flexibility in problem scope and depth and is worthy of considering in future layout and design a t t empt s . The system outlined in thi s thesis is capable of evolving a variety of floor plans conforming to functional and geometric specifications. Many of the resulting plans look reasonable even when compared to a professional floor plan. Additionally polygonal and multi-floor buildings were also generated.

Edição gráfica de layout fabril no apoio ao planeamento e controlo da produção

O contributo da área de investigação Interacção Humano-Computador (HCI) está patente não só na qualidade da interacção, mas também na diversificação das formas de interacção. A HCI define-se como sendo uma disciplina que se dedica ao desenho, desenvolvimento e implementação de sistemas de computação interactivos para uso humano e estudo dos fenómenos relevantes que os rodeiam. Pretende-se, no âmbito desta tese de mestrado, o desenvolvimento de um Editor Gráfico de Layout Fabril a integrar num SAD para suporte ao Planeamento e Controlo da Produção. O sistema deve ser capaz de gerar um layout fabril do qual constam, entre outros objectos, as representações gráficas e as respectivas características/atributos do conjunto de recursos (máquinas/processadores) existentes no sistema de produção a modelar. O módulo desenvolvido será integrado no projecto de I&D ADSyS (Adaptative Decision Support System for Interactive Scheduling with MetaCognition and User Modeling Experience), melhorando aspectos de interacção referentes ao sistema AutoDynAgents, um dedicado ao escalonamento, planeamento e controlo de produção. Foi realizada a análise de usabilidade a este módulo com a qual se pretendeu realizar a respectiva avaliação, através da realização de um teste de eficiência e do preenchimento de um inquérito, da qual se identificaram um conjunto de melhorias e sugestões a serem consideradas no refinamento deste módulo.

Airbus 340 -lentokoneen C-huoltotelakoiden layout-suunnitelma

Tässä insinöörityössä tehtiin layout-suunnitelmat C-huoltotelakoista Airbus 340 -lentokoneiden huoltoa varten ja selvitettiin samojen huoltotelakoiden käyttömahdollisuutta myös muiden konetyyppien huolloissa. Insinöörityön toimeksiantajana toimi Finnairin tekniikan lentokonekorjaamo, jonka käyttöön huoltotelakat suunniteltiin. Työ aloitettiin perehtymällä Airbus 340 -lentokoneen mittoihin ja C-huoltotarpeisiin. Seuraavaksi käytiin läpi erilaisia huoltotelakkavaihtoehtoja ja niiden aiheuttamia kustannuksia pitkällä ajanjaksolla. Huoltotelakoiden soveltuvuutta tarkasteltiin eri lentokonetyypien käyttöön. Huoltotelakoiden suunnittelussa huomioitiin myös niiden varastointivaatimukset. Lisäksi työssä käytiin läpi viranomaisten turvallisuusvaatimukset sekä lentokonehuoltotoiminnan erityisvaatimukset huoltotelakoille. Työn tuloksena syntyneitä investointilaskelmia ja layout-suunnitelmia käytetään hyödyksi valittaessa kustannuksiltaan ja käyttövaatimuksiltaan parhaiten Airbus 340 -lentokoneiden C-huoltovaatimuksia vastaava huoltotelakkavaihtoehto. Huoltotelakoiden layout-suunnitelmat on tehty työntekijöiden näkökulmat huomioiden, jotta työnteko olisi tehokasta ja ergonomista.

Performance Evaluation of Six-Sectored Configuration in Hexagonal WCDMA (UMTS) Cellular Network Layout

The objective of this master's thesis is to evaluate the optimum performance of sixsectored hexagonal layout of WCDMA (UMTS) network and analyze the performance at the optimum point. The maximum coverage and the maximum capacity are the main concern of service providers and it is always a challenging task for them to achieve economically. Because the optimum configuration of a network corresponds to a configuration which minimizes the number of sites required to provide a target service probability in the planning area which in turn reduces the deployment cost. The optimum performance means the maximum cell area and themaximum cell capacity the network can provide at the maximum antenna height satisfying the target service probability. Hexagon layout has been proven as the best layout for the cell deployment. In this thesis work, two different configurations using six-sectored sites have been considered for the performance comparison. In first configuration, each antenna is directed towards each corner of hexagon, whereas in second configurationeach antenna is directed towards each side of hexagon. The net difference in the configurations is the 30 degree rotation of antenna direction. The only indoor users in a flat and smooth semi-urban environment area have been considered for the simulation purpose where the traffic distribution is 100 Erl/km2 with 12.2 kbps speech service having maximum mobile speed of 3 km/hr. The simulation results indicate that a similar performance can be achieved in both the configurations, that is, a maximum of 947 m cellrange at antenna height of 49.5 m can be achieved when the antennas are directed towards the corner of hexagon, whereas 943.3 m cell range atantenna height of 54 m can be achieved when the antennas are directed towards the side of hexagon. However, from the interference point of view the first configuration provides better results. The simulation results also show that the network is coverage limited in both the uplink and downlink direction at the optimum point.

Systemaattinen layout-suunnittelu

Layout-suunnittelu on tyypillisesti aikaa vievä prosessi, jossa joudutaan huomioimaan useita erilaisia muuttujia. Tässä työssä esitellään layout-suunnittelun helpottamiseksi kehitettyjä systemaattisia menetelmiä, ja arvioidaan niiden käyttömahdollisuuksia.

The automatic layout model in the sequencing of construction activities of multi-objective diaphragm wall unit by using self-learning neural network

Foundation construction process has been an important key point in a successful construction engineering. The frequency of using diaphragm wall construction method among many deep excavation construction methods in Taiwan is the highest in the world. The traditional view of managing diaphragm wall unit in the sequencing of construction activities is to establish each phase of the sequencing of construction activities by heuristics. However, it conflicts final phase of engineering construction with unit construction and effects planning construction time. In order to avoid this kind of situation, we use management of science in the study of diaphragm wall unit construction to formulate multi-objective combinational optimization problem. Because the characteristic (belong to NP-Complete problem) of problem mathematic model is multi-objective and combining explosive, it is advised that using the 2-type Self-Learning Neural Network (SLNN) to solve the N=12, 24, 36 of diaphragm wall unit in the sequencing of construction activities program problem. In order to compare the liability of the results, this study will use random researching method in comparison with the SLNN. It is found that the testing result of SLNN is superior to random researching method in whether solution-quality or Solving-efficiency.

Planejamento e controle da produção: reestruturação no layout de apertadeiras eletrônicas em uma linha de produção do ramo de autopeças

In industrial plants, there is a department responsible for planning the use of productive resources to find the best possible way to set out plans in strategic, tactical and operational levels. This department is known as PCP or PPCP, which means Planning and Production Control and Planning, Programming and Production Control, respectively. This work presents the use of some of the tools from this department, in particular the Aggregate Production Planning, to propose a new layout of electronic nutrunners for an auto parts industry output line. Through some process indicators analyzes, was identified some productivity losses. The higher loss rate occurred by the electronic nutrunners breaking, and so this work was focused in these devices. Some premises were adopted for the use of electronic nut runners, setting an ideal cycle time for the operation of the production line and making calculations to define the minimum amount of electronic nutrunners to find the production demand without damaging the equipment. With this work we observed that a relevant factor for the constant breaks of electronic nutrunners is because these are working with overload, in other words, the amount of installed equipment is not enough to supply the demand without failures

Using modeling as a co-design approach in the planning process of new care environments

Current research shows a relationship between healthcare architecture and patient-related Outcomes. The planning and designing of new healthcare environments is a complex process; the needs of the various end-users of the environment must be considered, including the patients, the patients’ significant others, and the staff. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of healthcare professionals participating in group modelling utilizing system dynamics in the pre-design phase of new healthcare environments. We engaged healthcare professionals in a series of workshops using system dynamics to discuss the planning of healthcare environments in the beginning of a construction, and then interviewed them about their experience. An explorative and qualitative design was used to describe participants’ experiences of participating in the group modelling projects. Participants (n=20) were recruited from a larger intervention study using group modeling and system dynamics in planning and designing projects. The interviews were analysed by qualitative content analysis. Two themes were formed, representing the experiences in the group modeling process: ‘Partaking in the G-M created knowledge and empowerment’and ‘Partaking in the G-M was different from what was expected and required time and skills’. The method can support participants in design teams to focus more on their healthcare organization, their care activities and their aims rather than focusing on detailed layout solutions. This clarification is important when decisions about the design are discussed and prepared and will most likely lead to greater readiness for future building process.

Quality Of Life Of Coronary Artery Disease Patients After The Implementation Of Planning Strategies For Medication Adherence.

to compare the general and specific health-related quality of life (HRQoL) between the Intervention (IG) and Control (CG) groups of coronary artery disease patients after the implementation of Action Planning and Coping Planning strategies for medication adherence and to verify the relationship between adherence and HRQoL. this was a controlled and randomized study. the sample (n=115) was randomized into two groups, IG (n=59) and CG (n=56). Measures of medication adherence and general and specific HRQoL were obtained in the baseline and after two months of monitoring. the findings showed that the combination of intervention strategies - Action Planning and Coping Planning for medication adherence did not affect the HRQoL of coronary artery disease patients in outpatient monitoring.

Computed tomography and scintigraphy exams for diagnosis and treatment planning of the condylar osteochondroma: a case report

PURPOSE: To report an uncommon case of osteochondroma affecting the mandibular condyle of a young patient and to illustrate the important contributions of different imaging resources to the diagnosis and treatment planning of this lesion. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 24-year-old female patient with the chief complaint of an increasing facial asymmetry and pain in the left pre-auricular region, revealing a reduced mouth opening, mandibular deviation and posterior cross-bite over a period of 18 months. Panoramic radiography revealed an enlargement of the left condyle, whereas computed tomography (CT) sections and three-dimensional CT showed a well-defined bone growth arising from condylar neck. The scintigraphy exam showed an abnormal osteogenic activity in the left temporomandibular joint. The condyle was surgically removed and after 18 months follow-up the panoramic radiography and CT scans showed no signs of recurrence. CONCLUSION: Although osteochondroma is a benign bone tumor that rarely arises in cranial and maxillofacial region, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of slow-growing masses of the temporomandibular area and the use of different imaging exams significantly contribute to the correct diagnosis and treatment planning of this pathological condition.