Prática de ensino supervisionado no 1.º e 2.º ciclo do ensino básico: o jogo e o desenvolvimento da consciência linguística

Relatório de Estágio apresentado à Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa para obtenção de grau de mestre em Ensino do 1.º e 2.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico

O portefólio em faixas etárias precoces: potencialidades e constrangimentos

Mestrado em Ensino Precoce do Inglês

Inglês: atividade de enriquecimento ou disciplina curricular?

Mestrado em Ensino Precoce do Inglês

L’évolution des représentations sur les langues d’élèves plurilingues du 3e cycle du primaire lors de l’implantation d’un projet d’Éveil aux langues

La présente recherche documente l’évolution des représentations sur les langues de cinq cas d’élèves plurilingues et immigrants ou issus de l’immigration, scolarisés en fin de cycle du primaire en milieu pluriethnique à Montréal, tout au long de l’implantation d’un projet d’Éveil aux langues, sur une période de deux ans. La méthodologie adoptée permet de décrire en profondeur et de façon nuancée, l’évolution des représentations des élèves sur les langues de leur répertoire plurilingue d’une part, et plus largement, sur les langues et de la diversité linguistique d’autre part. Les résultats de la recherche ont permis de mettre en évidence que l’implantation d’un projet d’Éveil aux langues sur deux ans : 1) a des effets positifs sur les représentations sur la diversité linguistique de ces élèves; 2) permet de soutenir le développement de représentations positives sur les langues du répertoire linguistique des élèves qui passe par l’acceptation de compétences partielles dans l’une ou l’autre des langues de leur répertoire et par l’expression d’un sentiment de fierté à propos de leur répertoire plurilingue; 3) permet le développement, chez les élèves, de diverses stratégies pour légitimer l’intégration de langues dans lesquelles ils ont des compétences partielles au sein de leur répertoire linguistique : apporter un jugement de valeur sur leurs compétences, spécifier leur domaine de compétence (expression orale ou écrite, compréhension orale ou écrite), qualifier, étiqueter leurs langues (langue maternelle, langue d’origine, langue seconde), adapter les définitions formelles présentées dans le projet sur le plurilinguisme à leur situation; 4) les représentations sur les langues par les élèves peuvent être marquées par le poids des représentations sociales; toutefois, cette tendance se lénifie au fur et à mesure de l’implantation du projet et une majorité d’élèves partage des représentations plus individualisées et moins marquées par des stéréotypes en fin de projet; 5) permet, pour les élèves de niveau scolaire fort et moyen, le développement d’un vocabulaire de haut niveau ainsi que le développement d’une curiosité envers la langue de l’Autre; 6) permet, pour les élèves de niveau scolaire faible, et à partir de la seconde année d’implantation, le développement d’un engagement dans les activités qui passe par une participation accrue au projet et le développement de compétence langagière (meilleure qualité argumentative); 7) offre la possibilité aux élèves de se connaître les uns les autres, d’être à l’écoute de l’Autre et d’exprimer de la curiosité envers la langue de l’autre et de reconnaître l’expertise de l’Autre, ceci participant à la mise en place d’une dynamique relationnelle propice aux apprentissages

Selective listening in L2 learners of French

This paper considers the issue raised by Brown (2008) regarding whether nouns are ‘privileged’ in memory over verbs during listening tasks, and whether attention to nouns, at least in the early stages of L2 learning, is a desirable strategy to be taught to learners, as Brown suggests it might be. The question of verb/noun recognition was explored in the present study using data from 30 lower-intermediate learners of French in England. Learners completed a listening task on two occasions, six months apart, producing recall protocols for short oral passages in French. We also explored learners’ attentional strategy use by asking them to report on this in writing immediately after the recall task. An analysis of verbs and nouns recognised indicated that verb recognition was lower than that of nouns, and that progress in verb recognition over six months was negligible. A qualitative analysis of learners’ strategy use indicated that learners with a more balanced verb/noun recognition profile took a broader focus, tending to focus their attention consciously at phrase/sentence level rather than at word level. These findings are discussed in terms of the development of listening skills over time, and the implications of this for L2 listening pedagogy.

Striking a balance: cultural conflicts or cultural adaptation

This paper explores the cultural representations embedded in the EFL textbooks for Primary English language education in China. In particular, it examines how cultural globalisation and localisation are competing with each other as the educational policy in English attempts to strike a balance between the local culture and ‘western’ culture. Using discourse analysis as an analytical framework, this paper argues that culture as a social construct is constantly evolving and traditions are fused with new cultural values and worldviews brought about by globalisation. As such, the analysis of the textbooks illustrates that culture as a social phenomenon has changed over the decades and glocalisation is gaining new perspectives in English language education in China. Importantly, the analysis shows that new cultural elements have been established and cultural globalisation has taken place when local culture adapt ‘foreign’ cultures to suit local needs. Acknowledging that there are cultural conflicts and competing ideologies in the texts, the paper argues that these conflicts and contradictories can be used to develop students’ critical language awareness and foster their critical analytical abilities. Importantly, the analysis can facilitate the students’ English language learning by providing them with opportunities to read beyond texts per se to cultural politics and practices. Juxtaposing different cultural and ideological perspectives can help students understand that cultural values are socially and politically constructed when they are confronted with complex linguistic and cultural environments in reality.

Noticing, exploring and practicing: functional grammar in the ESL classroom

This book introduces six general procedures for teaching grammar to learners of English as a second language. The procedures are designed to encourage learners to notice, explore and practice grammar in context. Each description and discussion of a procedure is followed by two sample lesson plans together with sample texts and worksheets. Teachers can either use these 'as is' or adapt them for their own students. The lessons are suitable for a wide range of students from beginning learners to advanced learners. A final chapter provides examples of lessons in which several procedures are combined. In addition, before each sample lesson plan, the grammar focus of the lesson is briefly explained for the teacher. These procedures all illustrate how grammar can be taught through texts, and they are based on an understanding of the latest research on pedagogical grammar and the role of language awareness and discovery in second language learning and provide teachers with principles they can apply in developing their own teaching materials and activities. The grammar explanations preceding each teaching plan provide a fresh look at English grammar drawing on work in systemic functional linguistics.

Constructing emergent literacy : negotiating literacy technologies in preschool-school transition

Examines conflicting views about early literacy in homes, Preschools and schools as interactive technologies challenge traditional print-based literacies. The research found that significant differences between children's multimodal literacies and versions of emergent policies, may threaten successful literacy acquisition.

Emergência de comportamentos autônomos na aprendizagem da língua estrangeira a partir da interface da consciência linguageira e da motivação

Esta pesquisa situa-se entre os estudos da Consciência Linguageira e a formação de comportamentos autônomos com influência do fator motivacional em aprendentes do Inglês como língua estrangeira. Considerando a relevância da explicitude dos insumos complexos e da Consciência Linguageira na instrução, observei que, ao utilizar esses princípios, o docente pode favorecer em seus aprendentes a formação de comportamentos que os levem a um maior controle de sua própria aprendizagem. Desta forma, o presente estudo tem como objetivos verificar a correlação entre Consciência Linguageira, autonomização e motivação como aspecto subliminar. O embasamento teórico deste estudo respalda-se essencialmente nas contribuições de Little (1997), Flavell (1976), Donmall (1991), Hawkings (2001), James; Garret (1991), Benson (2001), Rutherford (1987) e Van Lier (1991). Concomitantemente à investigação bibliográfica foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa - ação a fim de compreender o processo de apropriação do insumo pelo aprendente adulto, formulando hipóteses e valorizando o contexto dinâmico da sala de aula para intervir na melhoria da aprendizagem. A observação e a coleta de dados ocorreram em uma turma do 6º nível de língua inglesa, dos Cursos Livres de Línguas Estrangeiras, da Universidade Federal do Pará. Os dados procedentes das entrevistas, questionários, observações e atividades de foco na forma demonstraram que diante de situações em que o insumo linguístico apresentava maior complexidade, as produções orais e escritas ficavam comprometidas e havia menor participação dos aprendentes nas atividades de conversação. Observei ainda, que as atividades de Foco na Forma, a explicitude e as reflexões conduzidas por meio de metalinguagem aproximaram os alunos da solução de dificuldades ante os insumos complexos, e os motivaram a buscar, autonomamente, diferentes alternativas de aprendizagem. Os dados foram cruzados para as análises a respeito das implicações da Consciência Linguageira no desenvolvimento de comportamentos autônomos e da motivação sobre o desempenho dos aprendentes, permitindo uma reflexão relativa ao tema e aos insights significativos para a solução de problemas oriundos da imprevisibilidade do contexto em sala de aula.

Implicações socioculturais do processo de ensino de português para falantes de outras línguas no contexto virtual do Teletandem

This study aims to discuss, by assuming the perspective of the Discourse Analysis, the social and cultural implications of the process of teaching Portuguese to foreigners in the virtual context of Teletandem. It also intends to evaluate the levels of Critical Language Awareness presented by the participants, in relation to the linguistic, discursive and social dimensions of the analysis. The data were collected in 2011 in interactions between students from Unesp/Assis and students from North-American universities. The research has been guided by the following questions: (a) how social and historical changes are reflected in language uses; (b) how these implications appear in the context of Teletandem; (c) how is it possible to evaluate the levels of Critical Language Awareness between the participants related to the social dimension of the discourse.

Considerações sobre sessões de Teletandem como gênero discursivo: breve estudo e exemplificação

The reflex of social and cultural changes in discursive practices can indicate that language has a fundamental role in transforming the society and attempts of defining the directions of changes must include new forms of language practices. One of these forms concerns to computer media in teaching-learning process, showing how technology and culture interact in a significant way to interfere in language uses. In this context, it has been developed in UNESP/Assis linked to the Center for Language and Teacher Development the project Teletandem Brasil: Foreign Languages for All as a new practice of language teachinglearning through technological resources. The present paper aims to present a description of the teletandem sessions as a discursive gender according to the Bakhtin’s gender theory. The data was collected during the second semester of 2010, in sessions of interaction with an American university. The considerations are directed by the following questions: (a) how are the statements of a session discursively organized; (b) what kind of relationship the partners have with their mother language when they teach it as a foreign language, in this context. The analysis allowed us to conclude that: (a) the sessions can characterize a hybrid and secondary gender in this specific area of human activity, even the partners still find difficulties in this gender domain; (b) the teletandem sessions constitute an important instrument for the critical language awareness between the partners.

O ensino de Português Língua Estrangeira no contexto virtual do Teletandem: aspectos linguístico-discursivos

The project Teletandem, linked to the Centro de Línguas e Desenvolvimento de Professores UNESP/Assis, promotes the interaction between undergraduates students in Languages and undergraduates students from foreign universities in order to promote the teaching of Portuguese for those who do not speak Portuguese and give an opportunity to Brazilian students to learn a foreign language. Therefore there is a different context that can result in new forms of statements produced in this specific area of human activity. The present paper aims to present a description of Teletandem sessions as a discursive gender according to the gender theory, showing the multiplicity of discursive genders that emerge during an interaction. We also intend to verify the levels of Critical Language Awareness among Brazilian participants according to the Critical Discourse Analysis.

The lexical approach: collocability, fluency and implications for teaching

[EN] [EN] The lexical approach identifies lexis as the basis of language and focuses on the principle that language consists of grammaticalised lexis. in second language acquisition, over the past few years, this approach has generated great interest as an alternative to traditional grammar-based teaching methods. From a psycholinguistic point of view, the lexical approach consists of the capacity of understanding and producing lexical phrases as non-analysed entities (chunks). A growing body of literature concerning spoken fluency is in favour of integrating automaticity and formulaic language units into classroom practice. in line with the latest theories on SlA, we recommend the inclusion of a language awareness component as an integral part of this approach. The purpose is to induce what Schmidt (1990) calls noticing , i.e., registering forms in the input so as to store themin memory. This paper, which is in keeping with the interuniversity Research Project “Evidentialityin a multidisciplinary corpus of English research papers” of the University of las Palmas de Gran Canaria, provides a theoretical overview on theresearch of this approach taking into account both the methodological foundationson the subject and its pedagogical implications for SLA

La enseñanza de las construcciones pasivas e impersonales con "se" en español como L2. ¿Cuántas distinciones son necesarias?

Este artículo sugiere un enfoque nuevo a la enseñanza de las dos estructuras gramaticales la pasiva refleja y el “se” impersonal para las clases universitarias de E/LE. Concretamente, se argumenta que las dos se deberían tratar como construcciones pasivas, basada en un análisis léxico-funcional de ellas que enfoca la lingüística contrastiva. Incluso para la instrucción de E/LE, se recomienda una aproximación contrastiva en la que se enfocan tanto la reflexión metalingüística como la competencia del estudiante en el L2. Específicamente, el uso de córpora lingüísticos en la clase forma una parte integral de la instrucción. El uso de un corpus estimula la curiosidad del estudiante, le expone a material de lengua auténtica, y promulga la reflexión inductiva independiente.