Informed learning in online environments : supporting the higher education curriculum beyond Web 2.0

As boundaries between physical and online learning spaces become increasingly blurred in higher education, how can students gain full benefit of Web 2.0 social media and mobile technologies for learning? How can we, as information professionals and educators, best support the information literacy learning needs of students who are universally mobile and Google-focused? This chapter presents informed learning (Bruce, 2008) as a pedagogical construct with potential to support learning across the higher education curriculum, for Web 2.0 and beyond. After outlining the principles of informed learning and how they may enrich the higher education curriculum, we explain the role of library and information professionals in promoting informed learning for Web 2.0 and beyond. Then, by way of illustration, we describe recent experience at an American university where librarians simultaneously learned about and applied informed learning principles in reshaping the information literacy program.

Enhancing opportunities to feed forward ; developing problem solving skills using web based scenarios

Universities often struggle to satisfy students’ need for feedback. This is an area where student satisfaction with courses of study can be low. Yet it is clear that one of the properties of good teaching is giving the highest quality feedback on student work. The term ‘feedback’ though is most commonly associated with summative assessment given by a teacher after work is completed. The student can often be a passive participant in the process. This paper looks at the implementation of a web based interactive scenario completed by students prior to summative assessment. It requires students to participate actively to develop and improve their legal problem solving skills. Traditional delivery of legal education focuses on print and an instructor who conveys the meaning of the written word to students. Today, mixed modes of teaching are often preferred and they can provide enhanced opportunities for feeding forward with greater emphasis on what students do. Web based activities allow for flexible delivery; they are accessible off campus, at a time that suits the student and may be completed by students at their own pace. This paper reports on an online interactive activity which provides valuable formative feedback necessary to allow for successful completion of a final problem solving assignment. It focuses on how the online activity feeds forward and contributes to the development of legal problem solving skills. Introduction to Law is a unit designed and introduced for completion by undergraduate students from faculties other than law but is focused most particularly on students enrolled in the Bachelor of Entertainment Industries degree, a joint initiative of the faculties of Creative Industries, Business and Law at the Queensland University of Technology in Australia. The final (and major) assessment for the unit is an assignment requiring students to explain the legal consequences of particular scenarios. A number of cost effective web based interactive scenarios have been developed to support the unit’s classroom activities. The tool commences with instruction on problem solving method. Students then view the stimulus which is a narrative produced in the form of a music video clip. A series of questions are posed which guide students through the process and they can compare their responses with sample answers provided. The activity clarifies the problem solving method and expectations for the summative assessment and allows students to practise the skill. The paper reports on the approach to teaching and learning taken in the unit including the design process and implementation of the activity. It includes an evaluation of the activity with respect to its effectiveness as a tool to feed forward and reflects on the implications for the teaching of law in higher education.

Link discovery for Chinese/English cross-language web information retrieval

Nowadays people heavily rely on the Internet for information and knowledge. Wikipedia is an online multilingual encyclopaedia that contains a very large number of detailed articles covering most written languages. It is often considered to be a treasury of human knowledge. It includes extensive hypertext links between documents of the same language for easy navigation. However, the pages in different languages are rarely cross-linked except for direct equivalent pages on the same subject in different languages. This could pose serious difficulties to users seeking information or knowledge from different lingual sources, or where there is no equivalent page in one language or another. In this thesis, a new information retrieval task—cross-lingual link discovery (CLLD) is proposed to tackle the problem of the lack of cross-lingual anchored links in a knowledge base such as Wikipedia. In contrast to traditional information retrieval tasks, cross language link discovery algorithms actively recommend a set of meaningful anchors in a source document and establish links to documents in an alternative language. In other words, cross-lingual link discovery is a way of automatically finding hypertext links between documents in different languages, which is particularly helpful for knowledge discovery in different language domains. This study is specifically focused on Chinese / English link discovery (C/ELD). Chinese / English link discovery is a special case of cross-lingual link discovery task. It involves tasks including natural language processing (NLP), cross-lingual information retrieval (CLIR) and cross-lingual link discovery. To justify the effectiveness of CLLD, a standard evaluation framework is also proposed. The evaluation framework includes topics, document collections, a gold standard dataset, evaluation metrics, and toolkits for run pooling, link assessment and system evaluation. With the evaluation framework, performance of CLLD approaches and systems can be quantified. This thesis contributes to the research on natural language processing and cross-lingual information retrieval in CLLD: 1) a new simple, but effective Chinese segmentation method, n-gram mutual information, is presented for determining the boundaries of Chinese text; 2) a voting mechanism of name entity translation is demonstrated for achieving a high precision of English / Chinese machine translation; 3) a link mining approach that mines the existing link structure for anchor probabilities achieves encouraging results in suggesting cross-lingual Chinese / English links in Wikipedia. This approach was examined in the experiments for better, automatic generation of cross-lingual links that were carried out as part of the study. The overall major contribution of this thesis is the provision of a standard evaluation framework for cross-lingual link discovery research. It is important in CLLD evaluation to have this framework which helps in benchmarking the performance of various CLLD systems and in identifying good CLLD realisation approaches. The evaluation methods and the evaluation framework described in this thesis have been utilised to quantify the system performance in the NTCIR-9 Crosslink task which is the first information retrieval track of this kind.

Modelling users' contextual querying behaviour for web image searching

The rapid growth of visual information on Web has led to immense interest in multimedia information retrieval (MIR). While advancement in MIR systems has achieved some success in specific domains, particularly the content-based approaches, general Web users still struggle to find the images they want. Despite the success in content-based object recognition or concept extraction, the major problem in current Web image searching remains in the querying process. Since most online users only express their needs in semantic terms or objects, systems that utilize visual features (e.g., color or texture) to search images create a semantic gap which hinders general users from fully expressing their needs. In addition, query-by-example (QBE) retrieval imposes extra obstacles for exploratory search because users may not always have the representative image at hand or in mind when starting a search (i.e. the page zero problem). As a result, the majority of current online image search engines (e.g., Google, Yahoo, and Flickr) still primarily use textual queries to search. The problem with query-based retrieval systems is that they only capture users’ information need in terms of formal queries;; the implicit and abstract parts of users’ information needs are inevitably overlooked. Hence, users often struggle to formulate queries that best represent their needs, and some compromises have to be made. Studies of Web search logs suggest that multimedia searches are more difficult than textual Web searches, and Web image searching is the most difficult compared to video or audio searches. Hence, online users need to put in more effort when searching multimedia contents, especially for image searches. Most interactions in Web image searching occur during query reformulation. While log analysis provides intriguing views on how the majority of users search, their search needs or motivations are ultimately neglected. User studies on image searching have attempted to understand users’ search contexts in terms of users’ background (e.g., knowledge, profession, motivation for search and task types) and the search outcomes (e.g., use of retrieved images, search performance). However, these studies typically focused on particular domains with a selective group of professional users. General users’ Web image searching contexts and behaviors are little understood although they represent the majority of online image searching activities nowadays. We argue that only by understanding Web image users’ contexts can the current Web search engines further improve their usefulness and provide more efficient searches. In order to understand users’ search contexts, a user study was conducted based on university students’ Web image searching in News, Travel, and commercial Product domains. The three search domains were deliberately chosen to reflect image users’ interests in people, time, event, location, and objects. We investigated participants’ Web image searching behavior, with the focus on query reformulation and search strategies. Participants’ search contexts such as their search background, motivation for search, and search outcomes were gathered by questionnaires. The searching activity was recorded with participants’ think aloud data for analyzing significant search patterns. The relationships between participants’ search contexts and corresponding search strategies were discovered by Grounded Theory approach. Our key findings include the following aspects: - Effects of users' interactive intents on query reformulation patterns and search strategies - Effects of task domain on task specificity and task difficulty, as well as on some specific searching behaviors - Effects of searching experience on result expansion strategies A contextual image searching model was constructed based on these findings. The model helped us understand Web image searching from user perspective, and introduced a context-aware searching paradigm for current retrieval systems. A query recommendation tool was also developed to demonstrate how users’ query reformulation contexts can potentially contribute to more efficient searching.

Introduction to the Proceedings of the Workshop on User-Focused Service Engineering, Consumption and Aggregation (USECA) 2011

The first User-Focused Service Engineering, Consumption and Aggregation workshop (USECA) in 2011 was held in conjunction with the WISE 2011 conference in Sydney, Australia. Web services and related technology are a widely accepted standard architectural paradigm for application development. The idea of reusing existing software components to build new applications has been well documented and supported for the world of enterprise computing and professional developers. However, this powerful idea has not been transferred to end-users who have limited or no computing knowledge. The current methodologies, models, languages and tools developed for Web service composition are suited to IT professionals and people with years of training in computing technologies. It is still hard to imagine any of these technologies being used by business professionals, as opposed to computing professionals. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.

The acceptability, usability and short-term outcomes of Get Real: A web-based program for psychotic-like experiences (PLEs)

Background Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are subclinical delusional ideas and perceptual disturbances that have been associated with a range of adverse mental health outcomes. This study reports a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the acceptability, usability and short term outcomes of Get Real, a web program for PLEs in young people. Methods Participants were twelve respondents to an online survey, who reported at least one PLE in the previous 3 months, and were currently distressed. Ratings of the program were collected after participants trialled it for a month. Individual semi-structured interviews then elicited qualitative feedback, which was analyzed using Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR) methodology. PLEs and distress were reassessed at 3 months post-baseline. Results User ratings supported the program's acceptability, usability and perceived utility. Significant reductions in the number, frequency and severity of PLE-related distress were found at 3 months follow-up. The CQR analysis identified four qualitative domains: initial and current understandings of PLEs, responses to the program, and context of its use. Initial understanding involved emotional reactions, avoidance or minimization, limited coping skills and non-psychotic attributions. After using the program, participants saw PLEs as normal and common, had greater self-awareness and understanding of stress, and reported increased capacity to cope and accept experiences. Positive responses to the program focused on its normalization of PLEs, usefulness of its strategies, self-monitoring of mood, and information putting PLEs into perspective. Some respondents wanted more specific and individualized information, thought the program would be more useful for other audiences, or doubted its effectiveness. The program was mostly used in low-stress situations. Conclusions The current study provided initial support for the acceptability, utility and positive short-term outcomes of Get Real. The program now requires efficacy testing in randomized controlled trials.

Experimental studies on web crippling strength of hollow flange channels under EOF and IOF load cases

LiteSteel beam (LSB) is a hollow flange channel made from cold-formed steel using a patented manufacturing process involving simultaneous cold-forming and dual electric resistance welding. LSBs are currently used as floor joists and bearers in buildings. However, there are no appropriate design standards available due to its unique hollow flange geometry, residual stress characteristics and initial geometric imperfections arising from manufacturing processes. Recent research studies have focused on investigating the structural behaviour of LSBs under pure bending, predominant shear and combined actions. However, web crippling behaviour and strengths of LSBs still need to be examined. Therefore, an experimental study was undertaken to investigate the web crippling behaviour and strengths of LSBs under EOF (End One Flange) and IOF (Interior One Flange) load cases. A total of 23 web crippling tests were performed and the results were compared with the current AS/NZS 4600 and AISI S100 design standards, which showed that the cold-formed steel design rules predicted the web crippling capacity of LSB sections very conservatively under EOF and IOF load cases. Therefore, suitably improved design equations were proposed to determine the web crippling capacity of LSBs based on experimental results. In addition, new design equations were also developed under the Direct Strength Method format. This paper presents the details of this experimental study on the web crippling behaviour and strengths of LiteSteel beams under EOF and IOF load cases and the results.

Patterns of Impact Resulting from a 'Sit Less, Move More' Web-Based Program in Sedentary Office Employees

Purpose Encouraging office workers to 'sit less and move more' encompasses two public health priorities. However, there is little evidence on the effectiveness of workplace interventions for reducing sitting, even less about the longer term effects of such interventions and still less on dual-focused interventions. This study assessed the short and mid-term impacts of a workplace web-based intervention (Walk@WorkSpain, W@WS; 2010-11) on self-reported sitting time, step counts and physical risk factors (waist circumference, BMI, blood pressure) for chronic disease. Methods Employees at six Spanish university campuses (n=264; 42 +/- 10 years; 171 female) were randomly assigned by worksite and campus to an Intervention (used W@WS; n=129; 87 female) or a Comparison group (maintained normal behavior; n=135; 84 female). This phased, 19-week program aimed to decrease occupational sitting time through increased incidental movement and short walks. A linear mixed model assessed changes in outcome measures between the baseline, ramping (8 weeks), maintenance (11 weeks) and follow-up (two months) phases for Intervention versus Comparison groups. Results A significant 2 (group) x 2 (program phases) interaction was found for self-reported occupational sitting (F[3]=7.97, p=0.046), daily step counts (F[3]=15.68, p=0.0013) and waist circumference (F[3]=11.67, p=0.0086). The Intervention group decreased minutes of daily occupational sitting while also increasing step counts from baseline (446 +/- 126; 8,862 +/- 2,475) through ramping (+425 +/- 120; 9,345 +/- 2,435), maintenance (+422 +/- 123; 9,638 +/- 3,131) and follow-up (+414 +/- 129; 9,786 +/- 3,205). In the Comparison group, compared to baseline (404 +/- 106), sitting time remained unchanged through ramping and maintenance, but decreased at follow-up (-388 +/- 120), while step counts diminished across all phases. The Intervention group significantly reduced waist circumference by 2.1cms from baseline to follow-up while the Comparison group reduced waist circumference by 1.3cms over the same period. Conclusions W@WSis a feasible and effective evidence-based intervention that can be successfully deployed with sedentary employees to elicit sustained changes on "sitting less and moving more".

Cachability of Web Objects

Much work on the performance of Web proxy caching has focused on high-level metrics such as hit rate and byte hit rate, but has ignored all the information related to the cachability of Web objects. Uncachable objects include those fetched by dynamic requests, objects with uncachable HTTP status code, objects with the uncachable HTTP header, objects with an HTTP 1.0 cookie, and objects without a last-modified header. Although some researchers filter the Web traces before they use them for analysis or simulation,many do not have a comprehensive understanding of the cachability of Web objects. In this paper we evaluate all the reasons that a Web object might be uncachable. We use traces from NLANR. Since these traces do not contain HTTP header information, we replay them using request generator to get the response header information. We find that between 15% and 40% of Web objects in our traces can not be cached by a Web proxy server. We use a LRU simulator to show the performance gap when the cachability is either considered or not. We show the characteristics of the cachable data set and find that all its characteristics are fairly similar to that of total data set. Finally, we present some additional results for the cachable and total data set: (1) The main reasons for uncachability are: dynamic requests, responses without last-modified header, responses with HTTP "302 Moved Temporarily" status code, and responses with a HTTP/1.0 cookie. (2) The cachability of Web objects can not be ignored in simulation because uncachable objects comprise a huge percentage of the total trace. Simulations without cachability consideration will be misleading.

Interaction strengths and net effects in food web models

Understanding how dynamic ecological communities respond to anthropogenic drivers of change such as habitat loss and fragmentation, climate change and the introduction of alien species requires that there is a theoretical framework able to predict community dynamics. At present there is a lack of empirical data that can be used to inform and test predictive models, which means that much of our knowledge regarding the response of ecological communities to perturbations is obtained from theoretical analyses and simulations. This thesis is composed of two strands of research: an empirical experiment conducted to inform the scaling of intraspecific and interspecific interaction strengths in a three species food chain and a series of theoretical analyses on the changes to equilibrium biomass abundances following press perturbations. The empirical experiment is a consequence of the difficulties faced when parameterising the intraspecific interaction strengths in a Lotka-Volterra model. A modification of the dynamic index is used alongside the original dynamic index to estimate intraspecific interactions and interspecific interaction strengths in a three species food. The theoretical analyses focused on the effect of press perturbations to focal species on the equilibrium biomass densities of all species in the community; these perturbations allow for the quantification of a species total net effect. It was found that there is a strong and consistent positive relationship between a species body size and its total net effect for a set of 97 synthetic food webs and also for the Ythan Estuary and Tuesday Lake food webs (empirically described food webs). It is shown that ecological constraints (due to allometric scaling) on the magnitude of entries in the community matrix cause the patterns observed in the inverse community matrix and thus explain the relationship between a species body mass and its total net effect in a community.

Web-based social movements contesting marketing strategy: Mobilization of multiple actors and rhetorical strategies

Previous studies suggest that marketing strategy is developed and used to mobilise and configure the actions of firm actors, creating a set of stabilising activities focused on the firm–customer dyad. Destabilising forces precipitated by the Internet and associated digital technologies involving contention and disruption by multiple actors are much less prevalent in the marketing literature. The central point we advance is that rather than marketing strategy being a controlled and stabilising force for firms in their relationships with customers, it can often lead to socially produced spaces where consumers and, importantly, other multiple actors form a social movement to actively attempt to destabilise it and contest its legitimacy. Using an innovative research approach, the findings of this study show how social movements proactively enrol and mobilise a wide range of relevant actors into a network of influence. Critical to this are rhetorical strategies, acting as important levers in attempts to destabilise and delegitimise a dominant firm's marketing strategy.

Estratégias de utilização de ferramentas web 2.0 e a promoção do pensamento crítico

O desenvolvimento das ferramentas Web 2.0 tem estado a impulsionar mudanças significativas no modo de interação entre os utilizadores da Internet. No âmbito educacional, estas ferramentas podem enriquecer as práticas pedagógicas e promover ações que envolvam a participação ativa, a colaboração, a cooperação e a partilha de saberes. Num contexto de ensino e aprendizagem em que se assume que, os estudantes de pós-graduação em Ciências de Educação apresentam deficiências ao nível do pensamento crítico, a utilização pedagógica das ferramentas Web 2.0 pode ser, deste modo, considerada como um fator promotor do pensamento crítico. Nesta linha de pensamento, o presente estudo surge com o objetivo principal de contribuir para uma compreensão mais profunda relativamente à utilização de tecnologias Web 2.0 como um fator potencial de promoção do desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico na Universidade Eduardo Mondlane (UEM) através da aplicação e análise de algumas estratégias pedagógicas baseadas em blogs e wikis. Em função do objetivo do estudo, a parte empírica foi conduzida na forma de uma investigação-ação e compreendeu dois ciclos. A seleção dos participantes foi feita por conveniência. O 1º ciclo de investigação incidiu sobre catorze participantes matriculados no ano académico de 2009/2010 para o módulo Desenvolvimento Profissional e Aprendizagem ao Longo da Vida, lecionado na fase de especialização de mestrado em Educação de Adultos. O 2º ciclo compreendeu dezoito participantes também inscritos para o mesmo módulo, mas no ano académico de 2010/2011. A recolha de dados foi feita por meio de observação, inquérito por entrevista do tipo semiestruturada, diário de bordo, inquérito por questionário, ensaios argumentativos e pesquisa documental. Um modelo de análise adaptado a partir da tipologia de pensamento crítico de Ennis (1987) foi utilizado na recolha e análise dos dados. Uma análise interpretativa dos dados foi efetuada com ajuda do software Nvivo8. Os resultados do estudo demonstraram que é possível promover as capacidades e disposições de pensamento crítico nos estudantes mediante a utilização de algumas estratégias pedagógicas que recorrem a ferramentas Web 2.0, como sejam o blog de discussão, os blogs de grupos e a wiki da turma. Apesar das diversas dificuldades enfrentadas pelos estudantes no desenrolar do módulo, os participantes de ambos os ciclos reconhecem que as ferramentas Web 2.0 têm um grande potencial para a promoção do pensamento crítico e que a sua aplicação é fortemente recomendável para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem. O estudo concluiu também que o modelo de análise adaptado de Ennis (1987) que orientou a pesquisa revelou ser fundamental na observância da ocorrência de capacidades e disposições de pensamento crítico nos blogs de discussão, blogs de grupos e na wiki da turma.

Gestão de informação académica com base na Web: um sistema de apoio a programas de pós-graduação

Esta dissertação descreve o processo de desenvolvimento de um sistema de informação para a gestão da informação académica de programas de pósgraduação - Sistema WebMaster - que tem como objectivo tornar aquela informação acessível aos utilizadores através da World Wide Web (WWW). Começa-se por apresentar alguns conceitos que se julgam relevantes para a compreensão da problemática dos sistemas de informação em toda a sua abrangência numa determinada organização, particularizando alguns conceitos para o caso das universidades. De seguida reflecte-se sobre os sistemas de informação com base na Web, confrontando-se os conceitos de Web Site (tradicional) e aplicação Web, a nível de arquitectura tecnológica, principais vantagens e desvantagens, fazendo-se, ainda, uma breve referência às principais tecnologias para a construção de soluções com geração dinâmica de conteúdos. Por último representa-se o sistema WebMaster ao longo das suas diferentes etapas de desenvolvimento, desde a análise de requisitos, projecto do sistema, até à fase da implementação. A fase análise de requisitos foi levada a cabo através de um inquérito realizado aos potenciais utilizadores no sentido de identificar as suas necessidades de informação. Com base nos resultados desta fase apresenta-se o projecto do sistema numa perspectiva conceptual, navegacional e de interface de utilizador, fazendo uso da metodologia OOHDM - Object-Oriented Hypermedia Design Method. Finalmente, passa-se à fase da implementação que, com base nas etapas anteriores e nas tecnologias seleccionadas na fase do planeamento, proporciona um espaço interactivo e de troca de informação a todos os interessados da comunidade académica envolvidos em cursos de pós-graduação.

A educação para o desenvolvimento sustentável na formação de professores: a Web 2.0 e as interações numa comunidade de prática online

A Educação para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável (EDS) é o cerne de um paradigma emergente na educação do século XXI. A EDS constitui-se um processo de aprendizagem holístico e sistémico e tem como função ensinar a viver de maneira sustentável. Apresenta-se como uma abordagem pedagógica inovadora, que combina aprendizagens ativas e participativas, suportadas por uma multiplicidade de estratégias didático-pedagógicas. Objetiva a promoção da capacidade de pensamento crítico, da resolução de problemas e da tomada de decisão, baseada em valores, por parte dos alunos. Para a implementação da EDS é fundamental que os professores tenham consciência de que lidar com as questões da sustentabilidade, na sala de aula, implica dotarem-se de competências específicas. É, portanto, necessário investir na formação de educadores e formadores; o que compreende o seu desenvolvimento profissional, focado no aperfeiçoamento das suas competências, de modo a potenciar novos processos na aprendizagem coerentes com os princípios da EDS. Neste contexto, no presente estudo, foi criada uma Oficina de Formação para professores do ensino básico, na modalidade b-learning, visando a criação de um espaço de formação que permitisse a integração das TIC/Web 2.0 na prática docente, mais concretamente no apoio à inclusão da EDS no currículo. Partindo do pressuposto que as TIC/Web 2.0 são ferramentas que nos oferecem novas oportunidades, pela sua versatilidade de disseminação do conhecimento, e que permitem reorientar o ensino e a aprendizagem sustentados na teoria sócio-construtivista, promovendo o trabalho colaborativo, criou-se uma Comunidade de Prática online. Recorreu-se, para o efeito, a uma plataforma de alojamento de redes sociais virtuais, o Grouply; visando o estabelecimento de interações entre os professores, a partilha de experiências, recursos e conhecimento, indutores da (re)configuração de práticas ao nível da integração das ferramentas da Web 2.0 no contexto da EDS e, ainda, objetivando promover a atualização, o aperfeiçoamento e a aquisição de novas competências pedagógicas contribuindo para o seu desenvolvimento profissional e social. Metodologicamente o presente estudo assumiu uma natureza qualitativa, segundo um design de investigação-ação, o que implicou um plano de ação realizado numa espiral de três ciclos de investigação-ação: recurso a diferentes técnicas e instrumentos de recolha de dados, particularmente o inquérito por questionário e entrevista, realizados aos professores que frequentaram a oficina de formação; observação com base no diário da Investigadora com os registos de observação das sessões de grupo, reflexões da Investigadora/Formadora e das sessões de acompanhamento individual (Supervisão pedagógica), realizadas ao longo da referida oficina; análise documental dos e-portefolios com registos das reflexões individuais de cada uma das sessões da oficina, as reflexões finais dos professores e o registo dos post´s no fórum de discussão, blogs e Whiteboard da Comunidade de Prática online. Decorrente da análise e discussão dos resultados obtidos, o trabalho realizado sugere que os professores adquiriram/desenvolveram competências em EDS e digitais, tendo-se verificado que a oficina de formação contribui para algumas mudanças nas práticas dos professores.

Localização da página web da VisionSpace – do inglês ao francês

Trabalho de Projeto apresentado ao Instituto de Contabilidade e Administração do Porto para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Tradução e Interpretação Especializadas, sob orientação do Doutor Manuel Moreira da Silva e coorientação da Mestre Isabelle Tulekian