Uuden tiedon luominen maakuntalehden skenaarioprosessissa

Työssä tarkastellaan skenaariomenetelmän toimivuutta uuden tiedon luomisen välineenä ja eri teoreettisten mallien kykyä kuvata tiedon luomista tässä kontekstissa. Tutkimusmenetelminä käytetään osallistuvaa havainnointia skenaarioistunnossa, lomakekyselyä ja haastatteluja. Uuden tiedon luomista tarkastellaan erilaisten teoreettisten mallien kautta. Mukana on Nonakan SECI-malli ja Ba-käsite, Scharmerin piilevän tiedon luomisen spiraali, Snowdenin Cynefin-malli ja von Kroghin huolenpidon käsite. Työssä havaittiin, ettei mikään edellä mainituista uuden tiedon luomisen malleista ollut täysin tunnistettavissa skenaarioprosessissa, eikä mikään niistä kyennyt kuvaamaan uuden tiedon luomista kattavasti tässä kontekstissa. Erityisen vaikeaa tutkimustilanteessa oli tunnistaa kaaoksesta pulppuavaa, ei vielä muotoutunutta tietoa. Skenaariomenetelmä toimikin parhaiten strategisen ajattelun apuvälineenä. Tiedon luomisen kannalta se loi ennen kaikkea uutta ymmärrystä. Uusi tieto oli luonteeltaan synteesiä olemassa olevasta tiedosta, joka auttoi hahmottamaan menneisyyttä, nykyisyyttä ja tulevaisuutta.

Organisaation strateginen kyvykkyys uudistumiseen

Tämän Pro Gradun tavoitteena oli selvittää organisaation strategisen kyvykkyyden merkitys organisaation uudistumiselle. Strateginen kyvykkyys käsitellään tässä työssä seuraavien strategisen johtamisen teorioiden kautta: toimialan taloustiede, resurssiperustainen näkemys, evoluutioteoria organisaation muutoksesta, tietoperustainen näkemys sekä dynaamisten kyvykkyyksien näkemys. Yrityksen uudistumiskyky ymmärretään tässä työssä yrityksen kyvyksi oppia ja kehittää uutta tietopääomaa sekä tuottaa uusia innovaatioita. Tutkimuksen empiirisen osan tarkoituksena oli selvittää case-yrityksen strategisen kyvykkyyden tämän hetkinen taso ja kuinka strategista kyvykkyyttä uudistumiseen voidaan mitata. Empiirinen tutkimus suoritettiin case-tutkimuksena ja siinä käytettiin kvantitatiivista ja kvalitatiivista tutkimusmenetelmää. Tutkimuksen lähestymistapa on kuvaileva, joten siinä ei ole asetettu tutkimushypoteeseja. Kvantitatiivinen osuus suoritettiin selainpohjaisena kyselynä. Kvalitatiivinen osuus suoritettiin teemahaastatteluin ja sen tarkoituksena oli syventää ymmärrystä caseyrityksen strategiseen kyvykkyyteen. Tämän tutkimuksen tärkein tulos oli havainto, että oppimisella ja uuden tiedon luonnilla on selvä yhteys yrityksen innovointiin ja uudistumiseen. Lisäksi havaittiin, että yrityksen ulkoisen toimintakentän ja asiakkaiden tarpeiden tuntemuksella on vaikutusta strategiseen kyvykkyyteen.

Uuden tiedon luominen blogiviestinnässä

Virtuaaliset yhteisöt ja erilaiset virtuaaliset välineet yhteisöllisyyden mahdollistamiselle ovat kasvavan tieteellisen mielenkiinnon kohteena. Tässä tutkimuksessa tutkittiin uuden tiedon luomisen prosessia blogiviestinnässä. Tämä tehtiin käyttäen tietojohtamisen tieteenalalla perusteoriana pidettyä Ikujiro Nonakan uuden tiedon luomisen SECImalliia. Blogiympäristöä tarkasteltiin niin ikään Ikujiro Nonakan bakäsitteen avulla. Aihetta tarkennettiin pohtimalla ryhmäytymistä ja sen ilmenemistä virtuaalisessa viestinnässä. Tutkimus toteutettiin tapaustutkimuksena, ja tutkimuskohteena oli Lappeenrannan teknillisen yliopiston opintojaksolla ”Virtuaalinen yhteistyö ja tietotekniset työkalut” käytetty verkko-oppimissovelluksen tarjoama blogialusta. Tutkimuksen empiirisen osan muodostaa aineisto, joka rakentuu opiskelijoiden omista opintojaksoon kuuluvista blogikeskusteluista. Tutkimuksen tärkeimpänä johtopäätöksenä havaittiin, että blogiviestintä edistää uuden tiedon luomista. Edelleen todettiin että blogialusta tukee välineenä uuden tiedon luomisen prosessia, ja tarjoaa tiedon luomiselle hyvän virtuaalisen ympäristön, ba:n. Uuden tiedon luomiseen vaikutti luottamus niin teknistä alustaa, opettajia kuin yhteisöä kohtaan. Avaintekijöiksi nousi avoimuus, tahto jakaa omaa tietämystään, mielenkiinto aiheeseen sekä ryhmäkoheesio. Uuden tiedon rakentumisen huomaaminen, ja virtuaalisen yhteisön uuden tiedon luomisen potentiaalin ymmärtäminen nostivat kollektiivisesti tahtoa rikastaa yleistä keskustelua, heijastaa omia kokemuksia muiden kokemuksiin, sekä jakaa yhteiset johtopäätökset, eli sosiaalistaa, ulkoistaa, yhdistää ja sisäistää kollektiivisesti luotu tieto yksilön kokemukseksi.

By indirections find directions out : thinkable worlds in Abbott and Vonnegut

This thesis is concerned with the interaction between literature and abstract thought. More specifically, it studies the epistemological charge of the literary, the type of knowledge that is carried by elements proper to fictional narratives into different disciplines. By concentrating on two different theoretical methods, the creation of thought experiments and the framing of possible worlds, methods which were elaborated and are still used today in spheres as varied as modal logics, analytic philosophy and physics, and by following their reinsertion within literary theory, the research develops the theory that both thought experiments and possible worlds are in fact short narrative stories that inform knowledge through literary means. By using two novels, Abbott’s Flatland and Vonnegut’s The Sirens of Titan, that describe extra-dimensional existence in radically different ways, respectively as a phenomenologically unknowable space and as an outward perspective on time, it becomes clear that literature is constitutive of the way in which worlds, fictive, real or otherwise, are constructed and understood. Thus dimensions, established through extensional analogies as either experimental knowledge or modal possibility for a given world, generate new directions for thought, which can then take part in the inductive/deductive process of scientia. By contrasting the dimensions of narrative with the way that dimensions were historically constituted, the research also establishes that the literary opens up an infinite potential of abstract space-time domains, defined by their specific rules and limits, and that these different experimental folds are themselves partaking in a dimensional process responsible for new forms of understanding. Over against science fiction literary theories of speculation that posit an equation between the fictive and the real, this thesis examines the complex structure of many overlapping possibilities that can organise themselves around larger compossible wholes, thus offering a theory of reading that is both non-mimetic and non-causal. It consequently examines the a dynamic process whereby literature is always reconceived through possibilities actualised by reading while never defining how the reader will ultimately understand the overarching structure. In this context, the thesis argues that a causal story can be construed out of any one interaction with a given narrative—underscoring, for example, the divinatory strength of a particular vision of the future—even as this narrative represents only a fraction of the potential knowledge of any particular literary text. Ultimately, the study concludes by tracing out how novel comprehensions of the literary, framed by the material conditions of their own space and time, endlessly renew themselves through multiple interactions, generating analogies and speculations that facilitate the creation of new knowledge.

As universidades corporativas e sua contribuição para a gestão do conhecimento nas organizações

O contexto atual da sociedade do conhecimento impulsiona as organizações e seus profissionais a buscarem novas de formas de agir para se manterem competitivos. Nessa sociedade, a inteligência, a criatividade e o próprio conhecimento são recursos produtivos essenciais. Às organizações, cabe um esforço no sentido do desenvolvimento de iniciativas para a geração de valor a partir desses recursos intangíveis. Aos profissionais, cabe buscar sua contínua recapacitação, atendendo à necessidade de atuarem como trabalhadores do conhecimento. As universidades corporativas surgiram nesse contexto, como uma abordagem estratégica para a atividade de treinamento e desenvolvimento da organização, acompanhando o realinhamento do sistema de Recursos Humanos, que assumiu um caráter mais estratégico e voltado para o negócio. Os objetivos dessa pesquisa envolvem a compreensão do que são e como funcionam as universidades corporativas no Brasil, analisando seu papel na gestão do conhecimento da organização. Verificou-se que essas instituições são uma evolução do sistema de treinamento e desenvolvimento e não atuam, ainda, como gestoras do conhecimento organizacional. A denominação "universidade" adotada por elas confere-lhes certo status, contudo constatou-se que as universidades corporativas não exploraram o potencial que conceito de universidade evoca: a permanente geração de novos conhecimentos. Apesar disso, não lhes pode ser negado o mérito de representarem um ponto de partida para que as organizações compreendam o conhecimento como um de seus recursos produtivos principais.

Gestão do conhecimento: os desafios da implantação de um modelo integrado : o caso ANS

A Gestão do Conhecimento vem adquirindo uma importância notória dentro das organizações, tanto públicas quanto privadas. Suas características e aplicações permeiam as discussões acadêmicas e atingem, de forma reflexiva e inovadora, as práticas de trabalho. Seu foco está na elaboração de processos sistemáticos de captura, organização e armazenamento, análise e compartilhamento do conhecimento organizacional (individual e coletivo) voltados à criação de novos conhecimentos, novos produtos, ou novos processos de trabalho. Pretende-se com este estudo levantar os desafios à implantação de um modelo de Gestão do Conhecimento na Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar (ANS), tendo como base o discurso dos principais responsáveis por criar estratégias neste sentido e por conceder os instrumentos necessários à sua implementação. Com fundamento na literatura científica sobre o tema, faz-se uma revisão conceitual de conhecimento e de Gestão do Conhecimento, buscando explicitar suas dimensões que passam pela transversalidade do conhecimento, pela aprendizagem individual e organizacional, pelo compartilhamento do conhecimento e pelos sistemas de informação. Como metodologia, optou-se por realizar uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo explicativa, desenvolvida por meio de estudo de caso, de forma a aprofundar o entendimento da realidade investigada. Os resultados das entrevistas e da análise documental possibilitaram verificar que a ANS tem adotado algumas práticas isoladas associadas à Gestão do Conhecimento. Constatou-se, no discurso, que existe uma predisposição dos gestores de conseguir maior efetividade em suas ações relativas ao compartilhamento do conhecimento e à implantação de um modelo de Gestão do Conhecimento na ANS. A pesquisa, contudo, revelou uma desarticulação institucional ocasionada por cultura hierarquizada e fragmentada, que se mostra profundamente desfavorável à um ambiente de criação e compartilhamento do conhecimento.

Educação infantil e ensino fundamental: bases orientadoras à aquisição da leitura e da escrita e o problema da antecipação de escolaridade

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

Gestão do conhecimento na educação ambiental: estudo de casos em programas de educação ambiental em universidades brasileiras

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Sustainable Development and Collective Learning: Theory and a European Case Study. Bruges European Economic Policy (BEEP) Briefing 7/2004

Network governance of collective learning processes is an essential approach to sustainable development. The first section of the article briefly refers to recent theories about both market and government failures that express scepticism about the way framework conditions for market actors are set. For this reason, the development of networks for collective learning processes seems advantageous if new solutions are to be developed in policy areas concerned with long-term changes and a stepwise internalisation of externalities. With regard to corporate actors’ interests, the article shows recent insights from theories about the knowledge-based firm, where the creation of new knowledge is based on the absorption of societal views. This concept shifts the focus towards knowledge generation as an essential element in the evolution of sustainable markets. This involves at the same time the development of new policies. In this context innovation-inducing regulation is suggested and discussed. The evolution of the Swedish, German and Dutch wind turbine industries are analysed based on the approach of governance put forward in this article. We conclude that these coevolutionary mechanisms may take for granted some of the stabilising and orientating functions previously exercised by basic regulatory activities of the state. In this context, the main function of the governments is to facilitate learning processes that depart from the government functions suggested by welfare economics.

From national innovation systems to national innovation capacity:internationalisation and technology transfer perspectives

The last decade or so has witnessed the emergence of the national innovation system (NIS) phenomenon. Since then, many scholars have investigated NIS and its implementation in different countries. However, there are very few investigations into the relationship between the NIS of a country and its national innovation capacity. This paper aims to make a contribution in this area by examining the link that currently exists between these two topics. Whilst examining this relationship, we also explore internationalisation and technology transfer, being cognate areas that have been investigated during the same period. This follows our assertion that the link between NIS and national innovation capacity is the mechanism of internationalisation and technology transfer. The NIS approach was introduced in the late 1980s (see Freeman, 1987; Dosi et al., 1988) and further elaborated later (see Lundvall, 1992; Nelson, 1993; Edquist, 1997). In essence, a country?s NIS is a historically grown subsystem of the entire national economy consisting of organisations and institutions which play a major role in the innovative activity in the country. In the NIS approach, interactions within organisations as well as the interplay between organisations and institutions are of central importance. The NIS approach has been used to reveal the structure of the innovation processes and the main actors involved in them in industrialised and emerging countries. Although the national focus remains strong, it has been accompanied by studies seeking to analyse the notion of systems of innovation at an international level and at a sub-national scale (Archibugi et al., 1999). Dosi in the edition of Archibugi et al. (1999) argues that the general background of the discussion of national systems is the observation of non-random distributions across countries of: corporate capabilities; organisational forms; strategies; and ultimately revealed performances, in terms of production efficiency and inputs productivities, rates of innovation, rates of adoption/diffusion of innovation themselves, dynamics of market shares on the world markets, growth of income and employment. They also mention that there are several approaches to NIS. Nelson (1993) focuses upon the specificities of national institutions and policies supporting directly or indirectly innovation, diffusion and skills accumulation. Patel and Pavitt (1991) have stressed the links between the national patterns of technological accumulation and the competencies and innovative strategies of a few major national companies. Amable et al (1997) and Soskice (1993) and Zysman (1994) focus on the specifics of national institutions including, for example, the forms of organization, financial and labour markets, training institutions, forms of state intervention in the economy etc. However, the most common reference is by Lundvall (1992) who argues that the focus on the national level is associated with the fact that national economies vary according to their production system and their institutional framework and these differences are in turn strengthened by different historical experiences, language and culture. On the other hand, the national innovation capability consists of abilities to create and carry new technological possibilities through to economic practice. The term covers a wide range of activities from capability to invent to capability to innovate and to capability to improve existing technology beyond the original design parameters (Kim, 1997). The term innovation is often associated by many with technological change at international frontiers. However, technological capability is not the same as innovation capability. Technological capability refers to assimilation, use, adaptation, and change to existing technologies. It also enables the creation of new technologies and development of new products and processes in response to changing economic environments. It denotes operational command over knowledge (Kim, 1997). It is manifested not merely by the knowledge possessed, but, more important, by the uses to which that knowledge can be put and by the proficiency with which it is applied in the activities of investment and production and in the creation of new knowledge (Westphal et al., 1985). Therefore, the analytical framework that is used in this paper is based on the way a country derives from its NIS a national innovation capacity. There are two perspectives that are identified on this way. These are internationalisation and technology transfer. Even though NIS is not directly related to national innovation capacity, to achieve national innovation capacity from NIS, the country should have the ability for technology transfer. Technology transfer is a link between these two phenomena. On the other hand, internationalisation can be either the input or the output of the relationship between NIS and national innovation capability. If a company is investing in a country because of its national innovation capacity, this can be regarded as an input to the relationship between NIS and national innovation capacity. If this company is investigating the national innovation capacity of a country then, for its internationalisation, the national innovation capacity should be important, which in turn means this company is active in innovation and innovation is also an important success factor. The interrelationship between the investment of the company and the NIS of the country (assuming that the country is competent and competitive in technology transfer) will generate and improve that country?s national innovation capacity. This is the output of internationalisation from the relationship between NIS and national innovation capacity. When companies are evaluating whether to internationalise, they investigate certain factors in the countries in which they are considering to invest. The ability to transfer technology is dependent on ability to adopt a new technology and also on the learning derived from this technology. If countries wish to attract innovation related investment they need to show their ability to have a NIS and also the capability to transfer technology. Without the technology transfer capability, the NIS is not functioning. Therefore, companies that internationalise will investigate the factors common to NIS, technology transfer, and their business needs. Through this paper we will demonstrate this link though its mechanisms. Our research will be through extensive literature review and identifying relevant aspects of previous research carried out by the authors. It will investigate certain factors of different countries that are successful in attracting innovation related foreign direct investment. Through these, we will point out the factors that are important for the link and mechanisms of NIS and national innovation capability.

Pillars and Elements to Develop an Open Business Model for Innovation Networks

Part 9: Innovation Networks

Gamification in Skills Management

Employees are the human capital which, to a great extent, contributes to the success and development of high-performance and sustainable organizations. In a work environment, there is a need to provide a tool for tracking and following-up on each employees' professional progress, while staying aligned with the organization’s strategic and operational goals and objectives. The research work within this Thesis aims to contribute to improve employees' selfawareness and auto-regulation; two predominant research areas are also studied and analyzed: Visual Analytics and Gamification. The Visual Analytics enables the specification of personalized dashboard interfaces with alerts and indicators to keep employees aware of their skills and to continuously monitor how to improve their expertise, promoting simultaneously behavioral change and adoption of good-practices. The study of Gamification techniques with Talent Management features enabled the design of new processes to engage, motivate, and retain highly productive employees, and to foster a competitive working environment, where employees are encouraged to be involved in new and rewarding activities, where knowledge and experience are recognized as a relevant asset. The Design Science Research was selected as the research methodology; the creation of new knowledge is therefore based on an iterative cycle addressing concepts such as design, analysis, reflection, and abstraction. By collaborating in an international project (Active@Work), funded by the Active and Assisted Living Programme, the results followed a design thinking approach regarding the specification of the structure and behavior of the Skills Development Module, namely the identification of requirements and the design of an innovative info-structure of metadata to support the user experience. A set of mockups were designed based on the user role and main concerns. Such approach enabled the conceptualization of a solution to proactively assist the management and assessment of skills in a personalized and dynamic way. The outcomes of this Thesis aims to demonstrate the existing articulation between emerging research areas such as Visual Analytics and Gamification, expecting to represent conceptual gains in these two research fields.

Show me your brain! Stories of interdisciplinary knowledge creation in practice. Experiences and observations from Aalto Design Factory, Finland.

This dissertation centres on the themes of knowledge creation, interdisciplinarity and knowledge work. My research approaches interdisciplinary knowledge creation (IKC) as practical situated activity. I argue that by approaching IKC from the practice-based perspective makes it possible to “deconstruct” how knowledge creation actually happens, and demystify its strong intellectual, mentalistic and expertise-based connotations. I have rendered the work of the observed knowledge workers into something ordinary, accessible and routinized. Consequently this has made it possible to grasp the pragmatic challenges as well the concrete drivers of such activity. Thus the effective way of organizing such activities becomes a question of organizing and leading effective everyday practices. To achieve that end, I have conducted ethnographic research of one explicitly interdisciplinary space within higher education, Aalto Design Factory in Helsinki, Finland, where I observed how students from different disciplines collaborated in new product development projects. I argue that IKC is a multi-dimensional construct that intertwines a particular way of doing; a way of experiencing; a way of embodied being; and a way of reflecting on the very doing itself. This places emphasis not only the practices themselves, but also on the way the individual experiences the practices, as this directly affects how the individual practices. My findings suggest that in order to effectively organize and execute knowledge creation activities organizations need to better accept and manage the emergent diversity and complexity inherent in such activities. In order to accomplish this, I highlight the importance of understanding and using a variety of (material) objects, the centrality of mundane everyday practices, the acceptance of contradictions and negotiations well as the role of management that is involved and engaged. To succeed in interdisciplinary knowledge creation is to lead not only by example, but also by being very much present in the very everyday practices that make it happen.

[the Sociology Of Health In Brazil - The Creation Of An Identity].

This article analyzes the historical, social and cognitive dimensions of the sociology of medicine in the construction of its identity, from Wolf Lepenies' perspective. It is understood that the construction of an identity does not end with the first historical manifestations, but is consolidated when it is institutionalized and structured as a field of knowledge by creating its own forms of cognitive expression. The text is divided into three parts: in the first the precursors are presented, highlighting the role played by some travelers, naturalists and folklore scholars, followed by social physicians-scientists and the first social scientists (1940-1969). In the second part, aspects of the consolidation of the social sciences in health are presented at two significant moments, namely the 1970s and 1980s. In the third part, the issues raised by the field are addressed in general terms. It is considered that once the main structural stages are in place there is still a need for the formation of new generations of social scientists in health. It is also essential to disseminate scientific production and to ensure that the relations are studied in depth and institutionalized with the sociological matrices on the one hand and with the field of health on the other.