Deconvolução de processo sísmico não-estacionário

O presente trabalho trata da aplicação do filtro Kalman-Bucy (FKB), organizado como uma deconvolução (FKBD), para extração da função refletividade a partir de dados sísmicos. Isto significa que o processo é descrito como estocástico não-estacionário, e corresponde a uma generalização da teoria de Wiener-Kolmogorov. A descrição matemática do FKB conserva a relação com a do filtro Wiener-Hopf (FWH) que trata da contra-parte com um processo estocástico estacionário. A estratégia de ataque ao problema é estruturada em partes: (a) Critério de otimização; (b) Conhecimento a priori; (c) Algoritmo; e (d) Qualidade. O conhecimento a priori inclui o modelo convolucional, e estabelece estatísticas para as suas componentes do modelo (pulso-fonte efetivo, função refletividade, ruídos geológico e local). Para demostrar a versatilidade, a aplicabilidade e limitações do método, elaboramos experimentos sistemáticos de deconvolução sob várias situações de nível de ruídos aditivos e de pulso-fonte efetivo. Demonstramos, em primeiro lugar, a necessidade de filtros equalizadores e, em segundo lugar, que o fator de coerência espectral é uma boa medida numérica da qualidade do processo. Justificamos também o presente estudo para a aplicação em dados reais, como exemplificado.

Filtros otimizados para transformadas seno, co-seno e de Hankel j0, j1 e j2

Apresentamos dois algoritmos automáticos, os quais se utilizam do método dos mínimos quadrados de Wiener-Hopf, para o cálculo de filtros lineares digitais para as transformadas seno, co-seno e de Hankel J₀, J₁ e J₂. O primeiro, que otimiza os parâmetros: incremento das abscissas, abscissa inicial e o fator de deslocamento utilizados para os cálculos dos coeficientes dos filtros lineares digitais que são aferidos através de transformadas co-seno, seno e o segundo, que otimiza os parâmetros: incremento das abscissas e abscissa inicial utilizados para os cálculos dos coeficientes dos filtros lineares digitais que são aferidos através de transformadas de Hankel J₀, J₁ e J₂. Esses algoritmos levaram às propostas de novos filtros lineares digitais de 19, 30 e 40 pontos para as transformadas co-seno e seno e de novos filtros otimizados de 37 , 27 e 19 pontos para as transformadas J₀, J₁ e J₂, respectivamente. O desempenho dos novos filtros em relação aos filtros existentes na literatura geofísica é avaliado usando-se um modelo geofísico constituído por dois semi-espaços. Como fonte usou-se uma linha infinita de corrente entre os semi-espaços originando, desta forma, transformadas co-seno e seno. Verificou-se melhores desempenhos na maioria das simulações usando o novo filtro co-seno de 19 pontos em relação às simulações usando o filtro co-seno de 19 pontos existente na literatura. Verificou-se também a equivalência de desempenhos nas simulações usando o novo filtro seno de 19 pontos em relação às simulações usando o filtro seno de 20 pontos existente na literatura. Adicionalmente usou-se também como fonte um dipolo magnético vertical entre os semi-espaços originando desta forma, transformadas J₀ e J₁, verificando-se melhores desempenhos na maioria das simulações usando o novo filtro J₁ de 27 pontos em relação ao filtro J₁ de 47 pontos existente na literatura. Verificou-se também a equivalência de desempenhos na maioria das simulações usando o novo filtro J₀ de 37 pontos em relação ao filtro J₀ de 61 pontos existente na literatura. Usou-se também como fonte um dipolo magnético horizontal entre os semi-espaços, verificando-se um desempenho análogo ao que foi descrito anteriormente dos novos filtros de 37 e 27 pontos para as respectivas transformadas J₀ e J₁ em relação aos filtros de 61 e 47 pontos existentes na literatura, destas respectivas transformadas. Finalmente verificou-se a equivalência de desempenhos entre os novos filtros J₀ de 37 pontos e J₁ de 27 pontos em relação aos filtros de 61 e 47 pontos existentes na literatura destas transformadas, respectivamente, quando aplicados em modelos de sondagens elétricas verticais (Wenner e Schlumberger). A maioria dos nossos filtros contêm poucos coeficientes quando comparados àqueles geralmente usados na geofísica. Este aspecto é muito importante porque transformadas utilizando filtros lineares digitais são usadas maciçamente em problemas numéricos geofísicos.

U-M Photo Services photo lab, ca 1960

[L-R? Audrey "Audie" Hendon -customer rep, Ozalid operator; Robert Kalmbach- dark room printer; Lajos "Louis" Martonyi - photographer; Carmen Krasteff - Ozalid operator; Fred Anderegg - supervisor photographer; Karloyi "Karl" Kutasi - photographer; Lorene Fitzgerald - secretary; Willie Dobos - photographer; Wilhelmine Hoesl - lab assistant, Ilse Wiener - photostat operator, Karl Kalmbach - darkroom printer]

Mathematical modelling and optimal multivariable control of chemical processes

This work reports the developnent of a mathenatical model and distributed, multi variable computer-control for a pilot plant double-effect climbing-film evaporator. A distributed-parameter model of the plant has been developed and the time-domain model transformed into the Laplace domain. The model has been further transformed into an integral domain conforming to an algebraic ring of polynomials, to eliminate the transcendental terms which arise in the Laplace domain due to the distributed nature of the plant model. This has made possible the application of linear control theories to a set of linear-partial differential equations. The models obtained have well tracked the experimental results of the plant. A distributed-computer network has been interfaced with the plant to implement digital controllers in a hierarchical structure. A modern rnultivariable Wiener-Hopf controller has been applled to the plant model. The application has revealed a limitation condition that the plant matrix should be positive-definite along the infinite frequency axis. A new multi variable control theory has emerged fram this study, which avoids the above limitation. The controller has the structure of the modern Wiener-Hopf controller, but with a unique feature enabling a designer to specify the closed-loop poles in advance and to shape the sensitivity matrix as required. In this way, the method treats directly the interaction problems found in the chemical processes with good tracking and regulation performances. Though the ability of the analytical design methods to determine once and for all whether a given set of specifications can be met is one of its chief advantages over the conventional trial-and-error design procedures. However, one disadvantage that offsets to some degree the enormous advantages is the relatively complicated algebra that must be employed in working out all but the simplest problem. Mathematical algorithms and computer software have been developed to treat some of the mathematical operations defined over the integral domain, such as matrix fraction description, spectral factorization, the Bezout identity, and the general manipulation of polynomial matrices. Hence, the design problems of Wiener-Hopf type of controllers and other similar algebraic design methods can be easily solved.

A Perturbed Iterative Method for a General Class of Variational Inequalities

The generalized Wiener-Hopf equation and the approximation methods are used to propose a perturbed iterative method to compute the solutions of a general class of nonlinear variational inequalities.

The Wiener criterion for the Laplacian and the heat operator

La tesi presenta il criterio di regolarità di Wiener dell’ambito classico dell’operatore di Laplace ed in seguito alcune nozioni di teoria del potenziale e la dimostrazione del criterio nel caso dell’operatore del calore; in questa seconda sezione viene dedicata particolare attenzione alle formule di media e ad una diseguaglianza forte di Harnack, che risultano fondamentali nella trattazione dell’argomento centrale.

Discrete approximation to the global spectrum of the tangent operator for flow past a circular cylinder

This paper deals with the calculation of the discrete approximation to the full spectrum for the tangent operator for the stability problem of the symmetric flow past a circular cylinder. It is also concerned with the localization of the Hopf bifurcation in laminar flow past a cylinder, when the stationary solution loses stability and often becomes periodic in time. The main problem is to determine the critical Reynolds number for which a pair of eigenvalues crosses the imaginary axis. We thus present a divergence-free method, based on a decoupling of the vector of velocities in the saddle-point system from the vector of pressures, allowing the computation of eigenvalues, from which we can deduce the fundamental frequency of the time-periodic solution. The calculation showed that stability is lost through a symmetry-breaking Hopf bifurcation and that the critical Reynolds number is in agreement with the value presented in reported computations. (c) 2007 IMACS. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

On the Hopf bifurcation in control systems with a bounded nonlinearity asymptotically homogeneous at infinity

The paper studies existence, uniqueness, and stability of large-amplitude periodic cycles arising in Hopf bifurcation at infinity of autonomous control systems with bounded nonlinear feedback. We consider systems with functional nonlinearities of Landesman-Lazer type and a class of systems with hysteresis nonlinearities. The method is based on the technique of parameter functionalization and methods of monotone concave and convex operators. (C) 2001 Academic Press.

Ornstein-Uhlenbeck operator in convex domains of Banach spaces

Studiamo l'operatore di Ornstein-Uhlenbeck e il semigruppo di Ornstein-Uhlenbeck in un sottoinsieme aperto convesso $\Omega$ di uno spazio di Banach separabile $X$ dotato di una misura Gaussiana centrata non degnere $\gamma$. In particolare dimostriamo la disuguaglianza di Sobolev logaritmica e la disuguaglianza di Poincaré, e grazie a queste disuguaglianze deduciamo le proprietà spettrali dell'operatore di Ornstein-Uhlenbeck. Inoltre studiamo l'equazione ellittica $\lambdau+L^{\Omega}u=f$ in $\Omega$, dove $L^\Omega$ è l'operatore di Ornstein-Uhlenbeck. Dimostriamo che per $\lambda>0$ e $f\in L^2(\Omega,\gamma)$ la soluzione debole $u$ appartiene allo spazio di Sobolev $W^{2,2}(\Omega,\gamma)$. Inoltre dimostriamo che $u$ soddisfa la condizione di Neumann nel senso di tracce al bordo di $\Omega$. Questo viene fatto finita approssimazione dimensionale.

On the Range of the Fourier Transform Associated with the Spherical Mean Operator

We characterize the range of some spaces of functions by the Fourier transform associated with the spherical mean operator R and we give a new description of the Schwartz spaces. Next, we prove a Paley-Wiener and a Paley-Wiener-Schawrtz theorems.

ZETA DETERMINANT AND OPERATOR DETERMINANTS

We apply techniques of zeta functions and regularized products theory to study the zeta determinant of a class of abstract operators with compact resolvent, and in particular the relation with other spectral functions.

Study of the influence of indium segregation on the optical properties of InGaAs/GaAs quantum wells via split-operator method

In the case of quantum wells, the indium segregation leads to complex potential profiles that are hardly considered in the majority of the theoretical models. The authors demonstrated that the split-operator method is useful tool for obtaining the electronic properties in these cases. Particularly, they studied the influence of the indium surface segregation in optical properties of InGaAs/GaAs quantum wells. Photoluminescence measurements were carried out for a set of InGaAs/GaAs quantum wells and compared to the results obtained theoretically via split-operator method, showing a good agreement.

Estimating losses in teleportation schemes using the phenomenological operator approach to dissipation in cavity quantum electrodynamics

In this paper, we estimate the losses during teleportation processes requiring either two high-Q cavities or a single bimodal cavity. The estimates were carried out using the phenomenological operator approach introduced by de Almeida et al. [Phys. Rev. A 62, 033815 (2000)].

Non-linear boundary element formulation applied to contact analysis using tangent operator

This work presents a non-linear boundary element formulation applied to analysis of contact problems. The boundary element method (BEM) is known as a robust and accurate numerical technique to handle this type of problem, because the contact among the solids occurs along their boundaries. The proposed non-linear formulation is based on the use of singular or hyper-singular integral equations by BEM, for multi-region contact. When the contact occurs between crack surfaces, the formulation adopted is the dual version of BEM, in which singular and hyper-singular integral equations are defined along the opposite sides of the contact boundaries. The structural non-linear behaviour on the contact is considered using Coulomb`s friction law. The non-linear formulation is based on the tangent operator in which one uses the derivate of the set of algebraic equations to construct the corrections for the non-linear process. This implicit formulation has shown accurate as the classical approach, however, it is faster to compute the solution. Examples of simple and multi-region contact problems are shown to illustrate the applicability of the proposed scheme. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Bending of stochastic Kirchhoff plates on Winkler foundations via the Galerkin method and the Askey-Wiener scheme

In this paper, the method of Galerkin and the Askey-Wiener scheme are used to obtain approximate solutions to the stochastic displacement response of Kirchhoff plates with uncertain parameters. Theoretical and numerical results are presented. The Lax-Milgram lemma is used to express the conditions for existence and uniqueness of the solution. Uncertainties in plate and foundation stiffness are modeled by respecting these conditions, hence using Legendre polynomials indexed in uniform random variables. The space of approximate solutions is built using results of density between the space of continuous functions and Sobolev spaces. Approximate Galerkin solutions are compared with results of Monte Carlo simulation, in terms of first and second order moments and in terms of histograms of the displacement response. Numerical results for two example problems show very fast convergence to the exact solution, at excellent accuracies. The Askey-Wiener Galerkin scheme developed herein is able to reproduce the histogram of the displacement response. The scheme is shown to be a theoretically sound and efficient method for the solution of stochastic problems in engineering. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.