Dr. Rudolf Wassermann [Rezension]

A. R.

Zur Erinnerung an die Jubiläums-Feier seiner Hochwürden des Herrn Kirchenrats M. Wassermann am 18. Oktober 1884

Aus der Sammlung des Leo Baeck Institute, digitalisiert in Kooperation mit dem Center for Jewish History, NY

Zeitschrift für Chemotherapie und verwandte Gebiete. : Herausgegeben von P. Ehrlich, F. Kraus, A. v. Wassermann; redaktion: Fr. Keysser.

Includes bibliographies.

Engagement party for Siegfried Vogel and Gerda Goldberger Portraits Groups

Digital Image

Schmidl-Speyer Family Collection 1914-1935, 1988-1993

Autographs: Postcards and picture postcards (all photocopies) written by luminaries such as Richard Beer- Hofmann, Otto Brahm, Josef Floch to Paula Schmidl-Speyer, Anton Hanak, Theodor Herzl, Wilhelm Mueller-Hofmann, Arthur Schnitzler, Julius Wagner-Jauregg, Jakob Wassermann, and David Wolfson.

R5 clade C SHIV strains with tier 1 or 2 neutralization sensitivity: tools to dissect env evolution and to develop AIDS vaccines in primate models.

BACKGROUND: HIV-1 clade C (HIV-C) predominates worldwide, and anti-HIV-C vaccines are urgently needed. Neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses are considered important but have proved difficult to elicit. Although some current immunogens elicit antibodies that neutralize highly neutralization-sensitive (tier 1) HIV strains, most circulating HIVs exhibiting a less sensitive (tier 2) phenotype are not neutralized. Thus, both tier 1 and 2 viruses are needed for vaccine discovery in nonhuman primate models. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We constructed a tier 1 simian-human immunodeficiency virus, SHIV-1157ipEL, by inserting an "early," recently transmitted HIV-C env into the SHIV-1157ipd3N4 backbone [1] encoding a "late" form of the same env, which had evolved in a SHIV-infected rhesus monkey (RM) with AIDS. SHIV-1157ipEL was rapidly passaged to yield SHIV-1157ipEL-p, which remained exclusively R5-tropic and had a tier 1 phenotype, in contrast to "late" SHIV-1157ipd3N4 (tier 2). After 5 weekly low-dose intrarectal exposures, SHIV-1157ipEL-p systemically infected 16 out of 17 RM with high peak viral RNA loads and depleted gut CD4+ T cells. SHIV-1157ipEL-p and SHIV-1157ipd3N4 env genes diverge mostly in V1/V2. Molecular modeling revealed a possible mechanism for the increased neutralization resistance of SHIV-1157ipd3N4 Env: V2 loops hindering access to the CD4 binding site, shown experimentally with nAb b12. Similar mutations have been linked to decreased neutralization sensitivity in HIV-C strains isolated from humans over time, indicating parallel HIV-C Env evolution in humans and RM. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: SHIV-1157ipEL-p, the first tier 1 R5 clade C SHIV, and SHIV-1157ipd3N4, its tier 2 counterpart, represent biologically relevant tools for anti-HIV-C vaccine development in primates.

Martensitic transitions and the nature of ferromagnetism in the austenitic and martensitic states of Ni-Mn-Sn alloys

Structural and magnetic transformations in the Heusler-based system Ni0.50Mn0.50¿xSnx are studied by x-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and magnetization. The structural transformations are of austenitic-martensitic character. The austenite state has an L21 structure, whereas the structures of the martensite can be 10M , 14M , or L10 depending on the Sn composition. For samples that undergo martensitic transformations below and around room temperature, it is observed that the magnetic exchange in both parent and product phases is ferromagnetic, but the ferromagnetic exchange, characteristic of each phase, is found to be of different strength. This gives rise to different Curie temperatures for the austenitic and martensitic states.

Magnetic superelasticity and inverse magnetocaloric effect in Ni-Mn-In

Applying a magnetic field to a ferromagnetic Ni50Mn34In16 alloy in the martensitic state induces a structural phase transition to the austenitic state. This is accompanied by a strain which recovers on removing the magnetic field, giving the system a magnetically superelastic character. A further property of this alloy is that it also shows the inverse magnetocaloric effect. The magnetic superelasticity and the inverse magnetocaloric effect in Ni-Mn-In and their association with the first-order structural transition are studied by magnetization, strain, and neutron-diffraction studies under magnetic field.

Cooling and heating by adiabatic magnetization in Ni50Mn34In16 magnetic shape-memory alloy

We report on measurements of the adiabatic temperature change in the inverse magnetocaloric Ni50Mn34In16 alloy. It is shown that this alloy heats up with the application of a magnetic field around the Curie point due to the conventional magnetocaloric effect. In contrast, the inverse magnetocaloric effect associated with the martensitic transition results in the unusual decrease of temperature by adiabatic magnetization. We also provide magnetization and specific heat data which enable to compare the measured temperature changes to the values indirectly computed from thermodynamic relationships. Good agreement is obtained for the conventional effect at the second-order paramagnetic-ferromagnetic phase transition. However, at the first-order structural transition the measured values at high fields are lower than the computed ones. Irreversible thermodynamics arguments are given to show that such a discrepancy is due to the irreversibility of the first-order martensitic transition.

Estimulacion magnetica trascraneal en el desempeno motor en enfermedades del sistema nervioso central: Revision Sistematica

Introducción: El uso de la estimulación cerebral no invasiva en procesos de rehabilitación es de gran interés, por cuanto con mediación tecnológica se generan nuevas posibilidades de recuperación motora, a partir de la activación de la corteza cerebral. El objetivo del estudio es establecer la evidencia del uso terapéutico de la EMT, relacionado con el desempeño motor de pacientes con enfermedades del sistema nervioso central. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura. Se incluyeron 10 estudios en el análisis cualitativo que incluyó la evaluación de calidad con la escala de Jadad y del riesgo de sesgo con la herramienta Cochrane. Fueron excluidos 1613 estudios. Se aplicó el protocolo del estudio para la extracción, revisión y validez de los estudios incluidos. Resultados: La evidencia disponible muestra resultados positivos del uso terapéutico de la EMT en el desempeño motor en aspectos como la aceleración, la fuerza de pinza y de agarre, la estabilidad y la fuerza muscular, así como una mejor velocidad de la marcha y una disminución en la frecuencia y severidad de los espasmos. Discusión: La EMT puede constituir una estrategia terapéutica para mejorar el desempeño motor en pacientes con ECV, Lesión Medular y enfermedad de Parkinson, que requiere más investigación por la heterogeneidad de los diseños y medidas de descenlace utilizados, así como por la alta variabilidad interindividual que hace complejo estandarizar los protocolos de su uso terapéutico.

Base Revision for Ontology Debugging

Belief Revision deals with the problem of adding new information to a knowledge base in a consistent way. Ontology Debugging, on the other hand, aims to find the axioms in a terminological knowledge base which caused the base to become inconsistent. In this article, we propose a belief revision approach in order to find and repair inconsistencies in ontologies represented in some description logic (DL). As the usual belief revision operators cannot be directly applied to DLs, we propose new operators that can be used with more general logics and show that, in particular, they can be applied to the logics underlying OWL-DL and Lite.

On AGM for Non-Classical Logics

The AGM theory of belief revision provides a formal framework to represent the dynamics of epistemic states. In this framework, the beliefs of the agent are usually represented as logical formulas while the change operations are constrained by rationality postulates. In the original proposal, the logic underlying the reasoning was supposed to be supraclassical, among other properties. In this paper, we present some of the existing work in adapting the AGM theory for non-classical logics and discuss their interconnections and what is still missing for each approach.

Sinalização rápida por testosterona na membrana plasmática da célula de sertoli : captação de 45Ca2+ e efeitos eletrofisiológicos

Resumo não disponível.

Valores hematológicos e bioquímicos séricos, efeitos de doses sub-letais da cipermetrina e características físico-químicas do sêmen do Jundiá Rhamdia quelen

Este trabalho teve três objetivos principais: a) Estabelecer valores de referência para os parâmetros bioquímicos e hematológicos do jundiá cultivado em açude; b) Determinar a CL50 da cipermetrina ao jundiá, bem como verificar o efeito nos parâmetros sangüíneos; c) Determinar as características físicas e químicas do sêmen do jundiá. Os animais foram obtidos de açudes de um Produtor de Peixes em Rolante, RS e conduzidos ao Laboratório do ICBS, UFRGS, onde permaneceram em tanques de 500l. O sangue era obtido por punção do vaso caudal através de seringa descartável, transferidos a tubos com e sem EDTA 10%, e os testes bioquímicos e hematológicos realizados no HCPA. Para a avaliação da CL50 da cipermetrina no jundiá grupos (n ≥10) de animais foram tratados com a exposição a 8 diferentes concentrações de cipermetrina (ppm) (0:controle; 0,08; 0.1; 0,12; 0,16; 0,2; 0,24; 0,36). Os peixes foram observados após 24, 48, 72 e 96h do início do tratamento para avaliar o percentual de mortalidade. No estudo do estresse metabólico, grupos (n ≥6) receberam os tratamentos: ausência de exposição ao pesticida (controle) e duas doses (0.08 e 0.12 ppm) de cipermetrina. Foram feitas coletas de sangue antes, após 2, 4 e 8 dias da aplicação do pesticida para análise no HCPA. Para o estudo do sêmen, este foi obtido em diferentes períodos durante as 4 estações. A densidade espermática foi medida pela técnica do espermatócrito e pela contagem microscópica. A duração da motilidade espermática foi observada num microscópio, usando para interpretação uma escala arbitrária variando de 0 a 5. Parte do sêmen foi centrifugado para a obtenção do fluido seminal, o qual foi imediatamente congelado a –200C até análise no HCPA Com a concentração 0,12 ppm as variações bioquímicas foram incrementadas e já se observaram alterações nos movimentos e no equilíbrio. Em estações de aqüicultura, produtores podem realizar avaliação periódica em uma pequena população de seus peixes, quantificando o grau de estresse metabólico. Esses indicadores de estresse podem ser precocemente detectados apesar da aparência exterior e comportamentos normais dos peixes. A técnica para a medida da densidade espermática através do espermatócrito apresentou correlação com a contagem celular por microscópio, com a vantagem de ser mais simples, rápida e econômica. As características que foram encontradas no sêmen parecem ser bons indicadores da qualidade espermática e podem auxiliar na seleção de machos doadores de gametas de alta qualidade em sistemas de cultivo deste peixe.