982 resultados para Tertiary sector
Resumo:
Statistics show that the expanding service sector accounts already for three quarters of GDP in the developed economies. Moreover, there is abundant evidence on high variation in productive performance across the service industries. This suggests divergent technological and institutional trajectories within the tertiary sector. While conceptual knowledge on services and their performance has accumulated substantially, the overall landscape on productivity and competitiveness is still inconclusive. As noted by number of authors the research on service productivity is still in its infancy. The purpose of this paper is to develop further the analytical framework of service productivity. The approach is based on the notion that service definitions, classifications and performance measurement are strongly interdependent. Given the ongoing restructuring of businesses activities with higher information content, it is argued that the dichotomy between manufacturing and services should not be taken too far. Industrial evolution also suggests that the official industry classifications are increasingly outdated and new taxonomies for empirical research are therefore needed. Based on the previous analyses and new insights the paper clarifies the debated concept of service productivity and identifies the critical dimensions by which the service industries cluster. It is also demonstrated that the dimensions enable to construct new service taxonomies which bear essentially on productivity opportunities at the business level. Needles to say the key determinant explaining the development and potential of productivity growth is innovation activity. As an extensive topic of research, however, service innovation is tackled here only in a cursory way. The paper is constructed as follows: the first section focuses on the conceptual issues and evolving nature of service activities. A workable definition of service should capture the diversity of service activities, as well as the aspects of service processes, comprehensively. The distinctions and similarities between services and manufacturing are discussed, too. Section 2 deals with the service productivity, a persistent and controversial issue in academic literature and policy. With the assessments of strengths and weaknesses of the main schools new insights based on value creation will be brought in. Industry classifications and taxonomies are discussed in Section 3. It begins with a short analysis of the official classifications and their evaluation from the perspective of empirical research. Using well-known examples it is shown that the taxonomies on the manufacturing industries have a clear analogy with the business services. As there is a growing interest to regroup services too, the work to date, has been less systematic and inherently qualitative. Based on the earlier contributions threedimensional service taxonomy is constructed which highlight the key dimensions of productive performance. The main findings and implications are summed up in Section 4.
Resumo:
The basic objective of the present study has been to observe the process and pattern of employment diversification among the rural women workers in Ernakulam district. The evidences are that the women workers in the rural areas of the state are being increasingly diversified into the tertiary sector. The clear cut evidence for the fact that in Kerala non-agricultural employment of rural women is increasing with more and more of them getting diversified into the tertiary sector. The women get more self esteem and recognition in terms of the work being done by them. In the urban areas of the state as a poverty eradicating measure the Kerala government has already introduced a new scheme under the banner of Kudumbasree. Another fact noticed in the study that the sectoral shift of women workers has posed a grave problem to the agricultural sector. The reluctance of workers to do manual jobs on land and the prevalence of high wages among the agricultural labours has left many a cultivable area fallow or has induced farmers to shift to less labour –intensive crops. The situation is expected to worsen in future as even the high wages fail to attract the young generation to this sector. To conclude the study has fulfilled all its objectives, viz; highlighting the rural employment structure in Kerala, examining the process, pattern, determinants and consequences of diversification among rural women workers in the sample villages. Being the first of its kind at the micro level in the state it contributes to the available literature in the area enriching the database that is crucially lacking for devising projects at the village and block-level. There exists ample scope for future research of similar nature in an urban background where the secondary data-sources are hinding towards a reversal of trends from non-agriculture to agriculture.
Resumo:
El ausentismo laboral es un problema para la economía de las empresas y para la sociedad en general, su principal causa son las enfermedades de origen común. Los costos totales son difíciles de cuantificar por la cantidad de factores que influyen en él. METODOLOGIA: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal que caracterizó el ausentismo laboral teniendo como fuente la base de datos de una empresa del sector terciario de la economía Colombiana, dedicada a las telecomunicaciones a nivel nacional. Se tomó como población universo 3.647 trabajadores a mitad de año de 2013. La población objeto de estudio la conformaron 889 trabajadores que se incapacitaron desde el 1 de enero de 2013 al 31 de diciembre de 2013. RESULTADOS: Se presentaron por enfermedad común 1.097 (83,87%)incapacidades, 740 (83,24%) incapacitados y 7.526 (57,28%) de días perdidos. Las mujeres son las que presentaron mayor número de incapacidades 63,3% (694). Según la clasificación de grupos diagnósticos del CIE 10, el sistema que generó mayor número de días perdidos fue el osteomuscular con el 13,40%. El diagnostico individual que genero mayor número de días perdidos fue el trastorno mixto de ansiedad y depresión 4% (301). Los trabajadores con cinco o más incapacidades durante el año fueron 26 (3,51%) que generaron el 33,3% (2.506) de los días perdidos. Los accidentes de trabajo no son una causa importante de ausentismo. RECOMENDACIONES: Implementar un sistema de recolección de información del ausentismo que se alimente de manera sistemática y continua para tener información suficiente, oportuna y confiable que permita analizarla y generar planes de acción. revisar las actividades que la empresa ha implementado para identificar, evaluar, gestionar los factores de riesgo psicolaborales; optimizar la detección temprana y prevención de desórdenes musculo esqueléticos. Por último realizar monitoreo evaluación y seguimiento a los trabajadores que presentan más de cinco incapacidades durante el año, con un grupo de salud interdisciplinario que permita implementar acciones de promoción y prevención de salud.
Resumo:
El ausentismo laboral es un problema para la economía de las empresas y para la sociedad en general, su principal causa son las enfermedades de origen común. Los costos totales son difíciles de cuantificar por la cantidad de factores que influyen en él. METODOLOGIA: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal que caracterizó el ausentismo laboral teniendo como fuente la base de datos de una empresa del sector terciario de la economía Colombiana, dedicada a las telecomunicaciones a nivel nacional. Se tomó como población universo 3.647 trabajadores a mitad de año de 2013. La población objeto de estudio la conformaron 889 trabajadores que se incapacitaron desde el 1 de enero de 2013 al 31 de diciembre de 2013. RESULTADOS: Se presentaron por enfermedad común 1.097 (83,87%)incapacidades, 740 (83,24%) incapacitados y 7.526 (57,28%) de días perdidos. Las mujeres son las que presentaron mayor número de incapacidades 63,3% (694). Según la clasificación de grupos diagnósticos del CIE 10, el sistema que generó mayor número de días perdidos fue el osteomuscular con el 13,40%. El diagnostico individual que genero mayor número de días perdidos fue el trastorno mixto de ansiedad y depresión 4% (301). Los trabajadores con cinco o más incapacidades durante el año fueron 26 (3,51%) que generaron el 33,3% (2.506) de los días perdidos. Los accidentes de trabajo no son una causa importante de ausentismo. RECOMENDACIONES: Implementar un sistema de recolección de información del ausentismo que se alimente de manera sistemática y continua para tener información suficiente, oportuna y confiable que permita analizarla y generar planes de acción. revisar las actividades que la empresa ha implementado para identificar, evaluar, gestionar los factores de riesgo psicolaborales; optimizar la detección temprana y prevención de desórdenes musculo esqueléticos. Por último realizar monitoreo evaluación y seguimiento a los trabajadores que presentan más de cinco incapacidades durante el año, con un grupo de salud interdisciplinario que permita implementar acciones de promoción y prevención de salud.
Resumo:
Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo estudar a relação entre o comprometimento organizacional e a satisfação no trabalho em voluntários pertencentes a diferentes organizações de terceiro sector da zona da Grande Lisboa. A amostra em estudo é constituída por 121 voluntários, com idades compreendidas entre os 12 e os 63 anos, de ambos os géneros e com habilitações literárias desde o 4ª ano ao ensino superior. No que concerne à metodologia, é utilizado um questionário que mede o comprometimento organizacional, elaborado por Allen e Meyer (1997) e um inventário sobre a satisfação global com trabalho proposto por Hackman e Oldham (1975). Na análise dos dados utilizou-se o programa estatístico SPSS. Os resultados obtidos confirmam a existência de uma relação entre o comprometimento organizacional e a satisfação global com o trabalho. De entre as dimensões do comprometimento organizacional, aquela que possui um melhor poder preditivo sobre a satisfação global com o trabalho é o comprometimento afetivo, sendo que quanto maior este último maior a satisfação com o trabalho. As implicações teóricas destes resultados são abordadas e discutidas.
Resumo:
Economic growth is the increase in the inflation-adjusted market value of the goods and services produced by an economy over time. The total output is the quantity of goods or servicesproduced in a given time period within a country. Sweden was affected by two crises during the period 2000-2010: a dot-com bubble and a financial crisis. How did these two crises affect the economic growth? The changes of domestic output can be separated into four parts: changes in intermediate demand, final domestic demand, export demand and import substitution. The main purpose of this article is to analyze the economic growth during the period 2000-2010, with focus on the dot-com bubble in the beginning of the period 2000-2005, and the financial crisis at the end of the period 2005-2010. The methodology to be used is the structural decomposition method. This investigation shows that the main contributions to the Swedish total domestic output increase in both the period 2000-2005 and the period 2005-2010 were the effect of domestic demand. In the period 2005-2010, financial crisis weakened the effect of export. The output of the primary sector went from a negative change into a positive, explained mainly by strong export expansion. In the secondary sector, export had most effect in the period 2000-2005. Nevertheless, domestic demand and import ratio had more effect during the financial crisis period. Lastly, in the tertiary sector, domestic demand can mainly explain the output growth in the whole period 2000-2010.
Resumo:
Este artigo analisa a adequação dos diversos ramos do setor terciário da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP) à políticas de emprego. Existe um trade-off entre geração e qualidade do emprego, assim, o modelo - apresentado na primeira seção do trabalho - leva em conta ambas as dimensões. A qualidade é função do rendimento médio, grau de escolaridade, cobertura de carteira de trabalho assinada e tempo de permanência, todos relativos ao posto de trabalho. Na segunda seção, apresenta-se os dados para 1997, provenientes da PED - Pesquisa de Emprego e Desemprego - elaborada em conjunto pela Fundação SEADE e pelo DIEESE. A seção seguinte descreve o tratamento estatístico aplicado às informações. Os resultados por ramo são analisados na quarta seção. Por fim, divide-se o setor terciário da RMSP em três grupos: alta, média e baixa adequação à políticas de emprego.
Resumo:
A pesquisa examina as transformações ocorrentes na composição e no papel do setor Terciário da economia brasileira, decorrentes do processo de modernização tecnológica e da crescente globalização das relações internacionais. Avalia inicialmente aspectos teóricos sobre o papel das atividades terciárias no contexto econômico, como absorvedora de mão-de-obra, ou propiciando a infra-estrutura básica e a complementariedade necessária para o desenvolvimento dos demais setores. Examina em seguida, de forma empírica, o comportamento do setor Terciário brasileiro no contexto global do sistema econômico, em comparação com os setores Primário e Secundário, e a estrutura ocupacional dos serviços nas empresas e entre os autônomos. Finalmente, analisa as diferenças regionais no comportamento das atividades de serviços entre as regiões do Brasil.
Resumo:
O crescimento do emprego no setor terciário - comercio e serviços - tem se configurado como uma tendência histórica. Há tempos este setor vem sendo o grande absorvedor da mão-de-obra liberada pelos demais ramos da economia. Será ele, porém, capaz de gerar empregos na medida exata para possibilitar tal absorção? E quanto à qualidade das vagas criadas? O presente trabalho objetiva fornecer uma resposta a tais questões. Para tanto, procede-se à minuciosa análise do setor terciário. O primeiro capítulo começa por elencar as características de um serviço e seus impactos para a mensuração do produto da atividade e do agregado em nível setorial. No segundo capítulo busca-se compreender a expansão da participação dos serviços no produto e no emprego da economia mundial. Cinco hipóteses poderiam explicar o fenômeno: elasticidade-renda da demanda superior à unidade, menor produtividade do trabalho no setor terciário, crescente integração entre indústria e serviços, maior demanda por serviços coletivos e, por fim, o papel de "colchão" social desempenhado pelo setor. O capítulo seguinte examina o caso brasileiro e conclui que o processo de urbanização desenfreada, bem como o agravamento. dos conflitos sociais demandaram uma política ativa de contratação de mão-de-obra por parte do Estado. Estes fatores fizeram com que o emprego terciário se expandisse, mas muitos migrantes podem ter sido relegados à execução de funções de baixa qualificação. Em função disso, o quarto e último capítulo analisa a qualidade dos postos de trabalho terciários na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. Percebe-se a existência de um trade-off entre geração e qualidade do emprego. Enquanto os serviços especializados, de educação e saúde parecem os mais adequados para a aplicação de políticas de emprego, pois aliam postos de excelente qualidade e alguma capacidade de geração, 73% do emprego terciário da região encontra-se em ramos com vagas de baixa qualidade. E o que é pior: estes ramos foram responsáveis por 93% dos postos gerados no triênio 1995/97, o que representa grande preocupação para a "saúde" de nosso mercado de trabalho.
Resumo:
A história recente do Nordeste caracteriza-se por uma primeira fase de isolamento e outra de articulação. Nessa segunda fase, o dinamismo que se instala a partir da década de sessenta provocou profundas transformações na economia da região. Essas transformações implicaram em elevadas taxas de expansão do produto regional, alterações na estrutura produtiva através da adoção de novos processos de trabalho que implicou de um lado, na redução da demanda por trabalho e de outro, na sua expansão. Registrou-se, também, mudanças bastante significativas nos gêneros industriais reduzindo a participação na produção das indústrias de bens de consumo não-duráveis e aumentando de modo importante a participação das indústrias de bens intermediários voltadas para o mercado nacional e internacional, o que contribui para aumentar a dependência do Nordeste em relação as regiões mais ricas. As mudanças iniciadas no setor industrial se propagam para os setores primários, secundários e terciários. No setor agrícola, as transformações dificultaram a sobrevivência do trabalhador, ampliaram as relações capitalistas no setor manifestas na maior proletarização da mão-de-obra rural; estimularam as emigrações para. as cidades e elevaram consideravelmente a participação da população ocupada em atividades predominantemente urbanas. No setor terciário, as mudanças provocaram o incremento do subemprego, grande diferenciação nos 11 níveis de produtividade e rendimentos, gerando um quadro de aprofundamento da heterogeneidadeda estrutura produtiva e do mercado de trabalho. Adicionalmente, houve uma excessiva urbanização, aumento da concentração da renda, incremento do grau de informalidade, crescimento do número de empregados clandestinos e maior participação dos menores e adultos no mercado de trabalho. Tudo isso, ocorreu,associado ao quadro de dinamismo das atividades produtivas, sem paralelo na história recente das regiões atrasadas do pais. A análise dos dados também mostrou que o nível do desemprego aberto, é relativamente baixo tanto para os homens como para as mulheres. Isto ocorre porque na expansão ou na retração econômica as flutuações no nível de ocupação são acampanhadas por modificações da taxa de participação da PIA no mercado de trabalho. Portanto, a recente infonnalidade, fonnalidade e submersão da mão-de-obra no Nordeste estão associadas a um contexto de crescimento da economia e, por conseguinte, resultam do estilo ou padrão de acumulação de capital que, mesmo se realizando com altas taxas de expansão, não repercute positivamente no mercado de trabalho, nos tennos requeridos pela oferta de mão-de-obra. Assim, o aparecimento de um excedente relativo de população é resultado do padrão de acumulação da capital da economia regional, que está associado ao modo como o Nordeste se inseriu no contexto nacional e, nesse sentido, é o padrão de industrialização o principal fator responsável por parte importante do insucesso da economia local em absorver produtivamente a população que se apresenta no mercado de trabalho urbano
Resumo:
The tertiary sector has been (re)defining and (re)qualifying, in an impacting way, the urban spaces in the cities, introducing new elements for the discussion of the relationship center/periphery. In Natal, as an inducing economic activity of its development, it conforms to the new needs of the capital, expanding, being materialized through several processes and spatial forms. We aim at analyzing one of those processes, which has taken its Northern Administrative Area to (re)define the design of its urban space, through the actions developed by the agents involved with the spatialization of the tertiary activities, at the same time as it redimensions its role as a periphery of Natal, contributing to the study of the recent and growing transformations of the Brazilian capitals. The studied district corresponds to 39.4% of the municipal area and, until recently, was composed by precarious reproduction spaces, unprovided of relevant economical activities. After the boom of the development of extensive housing complexes by SFH/BNH, the area, gradually stopped being a dependent area, and it imposed itself as an economically participant region, with the increase of the trade and services sectors, as well as a favorable place for the appearance of new activities. Its reflexes are noticeable in the achieved spatial configuration. As the main road to induct changes, Dr. João Medeiros Filho Avenue presents these new tendencies in the production of the intraurban space, concentrating the largest goods and services equipments of the area, through investments of the private and public sectors, which guarantee the capital allocation for the construction of a new centrality
Resumo:
The aim of this study is the labour market at Natal Metropolitan Region with emphasis in occupations and incomes that took place at the nineties. The definition of its chronological boundaries passed by verification of existence of evident socio-spatial impacts for output, occupation and income in national economy, with rebounds in all national territory, conditioned by institutional and socio-economical transformations which marked Brazilian insertion to capital flows and commodities globalization movement that took place at the cited decade. It has been shown that such impacts did not distributed themselves equally between diverse spatial levels (great regions, federate unities, municipalities) because of historical specificities in each place in terms of output structures and organization of distinct social agents. Having as its basis the Marxist perspective, it tackled theoretically occupations and incomes, transformations in labour universe occurred at world level, mainly in most urbanized areas, and following that to focus changes occurred in Brazilian society related to the search for competitive insertion in global economy during the period regarded. Special attention was gave to Natal Metropolitan Region, because it was historically a concentration area for investments, productive structure, people, occupations and incomes generated/appropriated in Rio Grande do Norte State. The basic data sources for research were the demographic Census (micro data) made by the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) intending to present the structure and the labour market dynamics, having as basis: 1) traditional indicators about labour market; 2) sectors of economic activities and 3) social positions and classes segments. One of the purposes is the demonstration that occupations and incomes keep relation with the restructuring which occurred in each specific sector during the period. Other purpose is to make explicit the factors which bear the participation of distinct segments in production or service execution that make possible the different participation in income distribution. Results are revealing the increasin precariousness in labour market, enlargement of occupations in tertiary sector and greater concentration of average incomes in the social segments which were owners of the greatest capital allowances between residents in Natal Metropolitan Region during the nineties
Resumo:
The aim of this thesis was to investigate the evolution of the socio-occupational status in Rio Grande do Norte from 2001 to 2008, based on the characterization of the socio-economic status of this State from the analysis of labor market norte-rio-grandense . The study, specifically, drew a comparison between the dynamics of the labor market in Rio Grande do Norte and the capital city, Natal. From this perspective, the purpose was to make a relationship between the social division of labor and its effects on the socio-spatial division, represented in the "macro scale" by the federal unit and the "micro level" for the capital; locus of economic and population concentration. The collection of data on the labor market had as a major source PNAD/IBGE, characterizing the labor market in many ways: people of working age, economically active population and employed and unemployed people, classified by age, sex, color, education, income and social protection condition. However, as for the socio-occupational division, we follow the methodology used by the research group on national television, based in IPPUR /UFRJ, called Monitoring of the Metropolis," which rallied twenty-four groups that aggregate the occupations found in the PNAD/IBGE, in eight groups of socio-occupational categories, according to the similarity between them. It was used in the socio-spatial cutting two relevant discussions, which are inter-related and were characterized as crucial points in developing the research problem: the former was related to the influence of the hegemony of merchant capital in the labor market in Rio Grande North and, the latter, it referred the socio-economic relations between the territory and the variable occupation. Lastly, the results all indicated that in Rio Grande do Norte, as a peripheral state, has suffered the devastating influence of the hegemony of capital purely commercial basis, where "wealth" of capitalism is generated through the sphere of mere movement of goods and services rather than a productive process due to the social relations of production more advanced. We have a little advanced economic structure, with a tertiary sector that has propagated under-employment or disguised unemployment. Similarly, the agricultural sector has been presented as an example of greater social degradation of working conditions in the state. The secondary sector, in turn, also was not behind this uncertainty; on the contrary, confirmed that condition, with poor levels of income, low education of the workforce and a high degree of social helplessness, even in the state capital, space full urban area, which although always appear with a favorable condition compared to Province, in practically most of the variables studied, was also reflected at the same time the author of a structurally underdeveloped condition
Resumo:
The fuel cell is an emerging cogeneration technology that has been applied successfully in Japan, the USA and some countries in the European Union. This system performs direct conversion of the chemical energy of the oxidation of hydrogen from fuel with atmospheric oxygen into direct current electricity and waste heat via an electrochemical process relying on the use of different electrolytes (phosphoric acid, molten carbonate and solid oxide, depending on operating temperature). This technology permits the recovery of waste heat, available from 200 degreesC up to 1000 degreesC depending on the electrolyte technology, which can be used in the production of steam, hot or cold water, or hot or cold air, depending on the associated recuperation equipment. In this paper, an energy, exergy and economic analysis of a fuel cell cogeneration system (FCCS) is presented. The FCCS is applied in a segment of the tertiary sector to show that it is a feasible alternative for rational decentralized energy production under Brazilian conditions. The technoeconomic analysis shows a global efficiency or fuel utilization efficiency of 86%. Analysis shows that the exergy losses in the fuel cell unit and the absorption refrigeration system are significant. Furthermore, the payback period estimated is about 3 and 5 years for investments in fuel cells of 1000 and 1500 US$/kW, respectively. (C) 2001 Elsevier B.V. Ltd. All rights reserved.
Resumo:
Fuel Cell is the emerging technology of cogeneration, and has been applied successfully in Japan, U.S.A. and some OECD countries. This system produces electric power by an electrolytic process, in which chemical substances (the most utilized substances are solid oxide, phosphoric acid and molten carbonate) absorb the components H-2 and O-2 of the combustion fuel. This technology allows the recovery of residual heat, available from 200 degrees C up to 1000 degrees C (depending on the electrochemical substance utilized), which can be used for the production of steam, hot or cold water, or hot or cold air, depending on the recuperation equipment used. This article presents some configurations of fuel cell cogeneration cycles and a study of the technical and economic feasibility for the installation of the cogeneration systems utilizing fuel cell, connected to an absorption refrigeration system for st building of the tertiary sector, subject to conditions in Brazil. (C) 1999 Elsevier B.V. Ltd. All rights reserved.