New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution

Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10−8). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms.

Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology

Obesity is heritable and predisposes to many diseases. To understand the genetic basis of obesity better, here we conduct a genome-wide association study and Metabochip meta-analysis of body mass index (BMI), a measure commonly used to define obesity and assess adiposity, in up to 339,224 individuals. This analysis identifies 97 BMI-associated loci (P < 5 × 10−8), 56 of which are novel. Five loci demonstrate clear evidence of several independent association signals, and many loci have significant effects on other metabolic phenotypes. The 97 loci account for ~2.7% of BMI variation, and genome-wide estimates suggest that common variation accounts for >20% of BMI variation. Pathway analyses provide strong support for a role of the central nervous system in obesity susceptibility and implicate new genes and pathways, including those related to synaptic function, glutamate signalling, insulin secretion/action, energy metabolism, lipid biology and adipogenesis.

STREAM Journal, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp 1-16. April-June 2002

CONTENTS: Efforts of a farmer in fish seed production for self-employment, by Ras Behari Baraik and Ashish Kumar. Remembering: the missing capacity, by Terrence Clayton. Measuring the process, by Nick Innes-Taylor. Women’s fish farmers group in Nawalparasi, Nepal, by S.K. Pradhan. Periphyton-based aquaculture: a sustainable technology for resource-poor farmers, by M.E. Azim, M.A. Wahab, M.C.J. Verdegem, A.A. van Dam and M.C.M. Beveridge. Unlocking information on the Internet: STREAM media monitoring and issue tracking, by Paul Bulcock (PDF has 16 pages.)

Defining the role of common variation in the genomic and biological architecture of adult human height

Using genome-wide data from 253,288 individuals, we identified 697 variants at genome-wide significance that together explained one-fifth of the heritability for adult height. By testing different numbers of variants in independent studies, we show that the most strongly associated 1/42,000, 1/43,700 and 1/49,500 SNPs explained 1/421%, 1/424% and 1/429% of phenotypic variance. Furthermore, all common variants together captured 60% of heritability. The 697 variants clustered in 423 loci were enriched for genes, pathways and tissue types known to be involved in growth and together implicated genes and pathways not highlighted in earlier efforts, such as signaling by fibroblast growth factors, WNT/I 2-catenin and chondroitin sulfate-related genes. We identified several genes and pathways not previously connected with human skeletal growth, including mTOR, osteoglycin and binding of hyaluronic acid. Our results indicate a genetic architecture for human height that is characterized by a very large but finite number (thousands) of causal variants.

New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution

Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms.

Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology

Obesity is heritable and predisposes to many diseases. To understand the genetic basis of obesity better, here we conduct a genome-wide association study and Metabochip meta-analysis of body mass index (BMI), a measure commonly used to define obesity and assess adiposity, in up to 339,224 individuals. This analysis identifies 97 BMI-associated loci (P < 5 × 10(-8)), 56 of which are novel. Five loci demonstrate clear evidence of several independent association signals, and many loci have significant effects on other metabolic phenotypes. The 97 loci account for ∼2.7% of BMI variation, and genome-wide estimates suggest that common variation accounts for >20% of BMI variation. Pathway analyses provide strong support for a role of the central nervous system in obesity susceptibility and implicate new genes and pathways, including those related to synaptic function, glutamate signalling, insulin secretion/action, energy metabolism, lipid biology and adipogenesis.

Différentes approches dans le traitement de la dépression post-infarctus du myocarde : effet de la desvenlafaxine et des probiotiques

Plusieurs études ont montré que les maladies cardiovasculaires constituent un risque majeur de développement du trouble dépressif chez l’homme. Plus précisément, à la suite d’un infarctus du myocarde, 15 à 30 % des patients développent une dépression majeure dans les 6 à 8 mois suivant l’évènement cardiaque. Dans un modèle d’infarctus du myocarde chez le rat, développé dans notre laboratoire, nous avons noté la présence de comportements compatibles avec une dépression, deux semaines après l’infarctus. Nous avons également détecté des cellules apoptotiques dans le système limbique dès les premières minutes de reperfusion, nombre qui atteint son apogée à 3 jours de reperfusion. Nous avions émis l’hypothèse que l’apoptose que l’on observe dans le système limbique serait reliée à la réponse inflammatoire induite par l’infarctus du myocarde. Les comportements reliés à de la dépression ont été prévenus par l’administration d’un inhibiteur de la synthèse des cytokines pro-inflammatoires, la pentoxifylline, le célécoxib, un inhibiteur de la cyclooxygenase-2, par des probiotiques ainsi que par différents antidépresseurs. Les résultats des deux premières études de cette thèse montrent que la desvenlafaxine, un Inhibiteur de la recapture de la sérotonine et noradrénaline (IRSN) prévient les comportements dépressifs tout en diminuant l’apoptose à 3 jours post-infarctus dans le système limbique. Les comportements similaires à ceux d’une dépression que présentent les rats deux semaines après l’évènement cardiaque sont encore présents à 4 mois post-infarctus, si aucun traitement n’est entrepris. De plus, ces animaux développent des troubles d’apprentissage que la desvenlafaxine peut prévenir, et ceci même si le traitement n’est présent que pendant les 2 premières semaines post-infarctus. Dans la troisième étude de cette thèse, nous avons voulu savoir si le nerf vague était impliqué dans les effets bénéfiques de deux probiotiques sur l’apoptose dans le système limbique après un infarctus du myocarde. Nos résultats ont démontré que les probiotiques réduisent l’apoptose dans le système limbique après un infarctus du myocarde, mais que cet effet est perdu en présence d’une vagotomie. Les résultats obtenus démontrent que l’infarctus du myocarde induit une mort par apoptose dans le système limbique de même que des comportements dépressifs et des problèmes d’apprentissage à long terme. Ces problèmes peuvent être diminués par un traitement à la desvenlafaxine, et ceci même si le traitement n’est présent que pour les deux premières semaines post-infarctus. Finalement, nous avons observé que les probiotiques avaient des effets bénéfiques sur l’apoptose dans le système limbique par un mécanisme impliquant le nerf vague. En conclusion, plusieurs interventions différentes sont efficaces pour limiter les conséquences de l’infarctus du myocarde sur le système limbique et un traitement court est efficace pour prévenir les problèmes à plus long terme.

Genetic Studies of the Marine Penaeid Prawn, Penaeus Monodon Fabricius, 1798

The thesis deals with the results of the study of the population characteristics of the marine penaeid prawn, Penaeus monodon from South India. The present findings on the morphometric and biochemical genetic structure support the hypothesis that the populations of P.monodon of South India have homogeneous stock structure. To the contrary, the significantly different random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiles in samples of Kochi and Chennai support the hypothesis that east and west cost populations of P.monodon are separate stocks.

Análisis de la incidencia de la Teoría de la Identidad Colectiva en la posición de la Liga Árabe frente al reconocimiento de Somalilandia como Estado independiente

Esta Monografía se centra en mostrar cómo el intento por conservar la identidad colectiva de la Liga de los Estados Árabes impide ceder ante el deseo de Somalilandia de ser reconocida como Estado independiente.

Evaluación de los sistemas de gestión administrativa que sigue la empresa Hotel Dann colonial para presentar un servicio de calidad

Diagnostico a la calidad de la gestión de la empresa Hotel Dann Colonial, bajo los parámetros del Premio Colombiano a la Calidad de la Gestión. el Hotel Dann Colonial no forma parte de la cadena Hotelera Dann y tampoco es miembro de Cotelco

Quentin Blake's nursery rhyme book. 'El libro de poemas de guardería de Quentin Blake'.

Conoce a Gregory Griggs con sus veintisiete pelucas, a William McTrimbletoe, un buen pescador, al violinista Terrence McDiddler y a otros personajes en esta selección de canciones infantiles poco conocidas.

Dynamic causal modeling applied to fMRI data shows high reliability

Sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility are vital to interpret neuroscientific results from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments. Here we examine the scan–rescan reliability of the percent signal change (PSC) and parameters estimated using Dynamic Causal Modeling (DCM) in scans taken in the same scan session, less than 5 min apart. We find fair to good reliability of PSC in regions that are involved with the task, and fair to excellent reliability with DCM. Also, the DCM analysis uncovers group differences that were not present in the analysis of PSC, which implies that DCM may be more sensitive to the nuances of signal changes in fMRI data.