835 resultados para Suplementação


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Foi realizado um experimento para avaliar o efeito da suplementação com sal proteinado e sal mineralizado sobre o desempenho de novilhos de corte em pastejo de capim estrela (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst) (CE) diferido. Os suplementos avaliados foram produtos comerciais disponíveis no mercado: sal mineralizado (SM); sal proteinado (SP) e sem suplementação (SS). O experimento teve uma duração de 84 dias e foram utilizados 36 novilhos Braford com um peso médio de 267 kg, distribuídos aleatoriamente em seis piquetes com área de 4 ha, num delineamento completamente casualizado. A pastagem de CE apresentou valores médios de proteína bruta (PB), fibra insolúvel em detergente neutro (FDN) e digestibilidade in vitro da matéria orgânica (DIVMO) de 7,6, 78,7 e 45,3 % respectivamente e não sendo observadas diferenças significativas entre tratamentos (p>0,05). Entretanto, observou-se que as condições climáticas observadas durante o experimento podem ter afetado os parâmetros de avaliação da qualidade e disponibilidade da pastagem. O ganho médio diário (GMD) apresentado pelos animais não mostrou diferença significativa (p>0,05) entre os diferentes tratamentos, sendo de 0,009 kg/dia para SM, 0,104 kg/dia para SP e 0,198 kg/dia para SS. Nas condições em que foi conduzido o presente experimento, a utilização de sal mineralizado e de sal proteinado não melhorou o ganho de peso por animal e por área em relação aos novilhos que não receberam suplementação.

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Introdução e Objetivo: O fluxo sangüíneo gera estresse de cisalhamento sobre a parede dos vasos induzindo a conversão do aminoácido L-arginina em L-citrulina pela ação da eNOs, liberando o vasodilatador óxido nítrico. O exercício aumenta o fluxo sangüíneo e ativa a eNOs, promovendo vasodilatação. Um aumento no diâmetro do vaso diminuiria os níveis de estresse oxidativo pela diminuição do estresse de cisalhamento. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar os efeitos da suplementação de L-arginina sobre a função endotelial e estresse oxidativo em indivíduos com diabetes tipo 1. Métodos: Foram avaliados 10 indivíduos do sexo masculino com diabetes do tipo 1 e 20 indivíduos saudáveis para controle, que realizaram teste de cargas progressivas em cicloergômetro para a determinação da carga de exercício, que correspondia a 10% abaixo do 2 º limiar ventilatório. Em uma nova data, os voluntários se exercitaram durante 45 minutos em cicloergômetro, onde foram avaliados parâmetros de função endotelial e estresse oxidativo antes e depois do exercício. Os voluntários foram separados aleatoriamente em dois grupos: L-arginina e placebo. A suplementação de L-arginina foi realizada a partir da ingesta de 7g ao dia na forma de cápsulas; o grupo placebo recebeu amido. Após a suplementação, foi repetido o protocolo de exercício. A função endotelial foi avaliada através da avaliação do fluxo sangüíneo e concentração de nitritos plasmáticos; o estresse oxidativo foi avaliado pelas técnicas do TBARS, carbonil, TRAP e ácido úrico plasmáticos Utilizou-se ANOVA Fatorial de duas vias e teste post hoc de Tukey para análise dos resultados, aceitou-se p<0,05 como significativo. Resultados: Os dados estão expressos em média + erro padrão. Os indivíduos com diabetes do tipo 1 não apresentaram disfunção endotelial quando comparados aos controle, entretanto tiveram parâmetros de estresse oxidativo elevados (TBARS de 1,09 + 0,41 e 2,44 + 0,46 nmolMDA.mg PTN-1, p=0,039; carbonil de 0,148 + 0,02 e 1,48 + 0,20 fM.mg PTN-1, p=0,000 e ácido úrico de 44,55 + 2,06 e 28,10 + 1,57 mg/dl, p=0,000, em controles e diabéticos, respectivamente). O exercício aumentou significativamente o fluxo sangüíneo nos controle e diabéticos ( de 3,53 + 0,35 para 5,46 + 0,35 ml.100ml-1.min-1 no controle, p=0,001 e de 2,66 + 0,33 para 3,77 + 0,36 ml.100ml-1.min-1 nos indivíduos com diabetes, p= 0,000), mas não alterou as concentrações plasmáticas de nitritos nem os parâmetros de estresse oxidativo. Os diabéticos que receberam suplementação com L-arginina tiveram seus valores de fluxo sangüíneo em repouso elevados significativamente (de 3,05 + 0,63 para 4,74 + 0,86 ml.100ml-1.min-1 , p=0,036), efeito não encontrado no grupo controle que recebeu a suplementação. Entretanto, este grupo não apresentou aumento do fluxo sangüíneo após o exercício, conforme observado no momento antes da suplementação. Conclusão: O exercício físico em cicloergômetro aumenta o fluxo sangüíneo sem alterar os parâmetros de estresse oxidativo em indivíduos controle e diabéticos tipo 1. A suplementação com L-arginina aumenta a vasodilatação dependente do endotélio em indivíduos com diabetes do tipo 1, e atenua o aumento do fluxo sangüíneo em resposta ao exercício nestes pacientes. Esta resposta demonstrou uma possível melhora na função endotelial na situação de repouso com a suplementação. Entretanto, restam questões obscuras sobre a resposta de fluxo ao exercício sob o efeito da L-arginina nesta população, sendo necessários estudos adicionais para o esclarecimento.

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Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a resposta animal medida em termos de digestibilidade, consumo, parâmetros ruminais e degradabilidade da fibra da dieta frente a níveis crescentes de suplementação energética, sob condições onde a disponibilidade de PDR não foi um fator limitante.

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The vitamins A and E are recognizably important in the initial stages of life and the newborn depends on nutritional adequacy of breast milk to meet their needs. These vitamins share routes of transport to the tissues and antagonistic effects have been observed in animals after supplementation with vitamin A. This study aimed to verify the effect of maternal supplementation with vitamin A megadose (200,000 UI) in the immediate post-partum on the concentration of alpha-tocopherol in colostrum. Healthy parturient women attended at a public maternity natalensis were recruited for the study and divided into two groups: control (n = 37) and supplemented (n = 36). Blood samples of colostrum and milk were collected until 12 hours after delivery. The women of the supplemented group was administered a retynil palmitate capsule and 24 hours after the first collection was obtained the 2nd sample of colostrum in two groups for analysis of retinol and alpha-tocopherol in milk. The mean retinol concentration of 50,7 ± 14,4 μg/dL (Mean ± standard deviation) and alpha-tocopherol of 1217.4 ± 959 mg/dL in the serum indicate the nutritional status biochemical appropriate. Supplementation with retynil palmitate resulted in increase not only retinol levels in the colostrum of the supplemented group (p = 0.002), but also the concentration of alpha-tocopherol (p = 0.04), changing from 1456.6 ± 1095.8 mg/dL to 1804.3 ± 1432.0 mg/dL (milk 0 and 24 respectively) compared to values in the control group, 984.6 ± 750.0 mg/dL and 1175.0 ± 730.8 mg/dL. The women had different responses to supplementation, influenced by baseline levels of retinol in colostrum. Those with previous by low levels of retinol in colostrum (<60 mg/dL) had increased the concentration of alpha-tocopherol in milk, whereas those with adequate levels (> 60 mg/dL), showed a reduction after supplementation. Supplementation with retinol palmitate is an important intervention in situations of high risk for vitamin A deficiency, when considering the need to maternal supplementation, since the excess vitamin can offer unfavorable interactions between nutrients essential for the mother-child group

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Vitamin A is important in many essential body processes and its deficiency results in serious consequences for human health. Breast milk is the only source of this vitamin for children that are exclusively breastfed. Analysis of vitamin A in mother s milk is important because its concentration is related to maternal vitamin A status and to its ingestion by the mother during pregnancy. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of maternal supplementation with retynil palmitate on the concentration of colostrum retinol under fasting and postprandial conditions. A total of 149 nursing mothers were recruited at the Januário Cicco Maternity School (Natal, Brazil) and allocated to two groups: Comparison (n = 69) and Test (n = 80). Blood and colostrum (in fasting and postprandial conditions) samples were collected up to 24hs after delivery. Serum retinol and colostrum levels were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The serum retinol level of 41.6 ± 12.7μg/dL (mean ± standard deviation) indicates adequate biochemical nutritional status. Colostrum retinol level was not influenced by serum retinol levels under any of the conditions established. In the colostrum, the retinol concentration in the unsupplemented test group was 67.3 ± 37.7 μg/dL under fasting and 80.3 ± 35.1 μg/dL under postprandial conditions (p<0.05), showing an increase of 19.3%. In the supplemented test group the values were 102.6 ± 57.3 μg/dL and 133.4 ± 78.3 μg/dL under fasting and postprandial, respectively (p<0.05), representing an increase of 30%. Considering that under fasting conditions most of the vitamin A transported to the milk originates in the retinol binding protein (RBP), the postprandial increase in colostrum retinol suggests a different transport mechanism of retinol to maternal milk from that performed by RBP. This situation becomes more evident under supplementation conditions.

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The Vitamin E consists of eight chemically homologous forms, designated alpha, beta, gamma and delta tocopherols and tocotrienols. Biologically, the alpha-tocopherol (α-TOH) is the most important. Commercially, are found two types of α-TOH a natural (RRR-alpha-tocopherol) and another synthetic (all-rac-alpha-tocopherol). Both forms are absorbed in the intestine, the liver is a preference in favor of forms 2R, due to transfer protein α-TOH. It has higher affinity to these stereoisomers. Newborns are considered high risk for vitamin E deficiency, mainly premature, these have breast milk as a food source for maintenance of serum α-TOH. Clinical signs such as thrombocytosis, hemolytic anemia, retrolental fibroplasia, intraventricular hemorrhage, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and spinocerebellar degeneration can be found in case of a low intake of α-TOH. Thus, maternal supplementation on postpartum with α-TOH can be an efficient way to increase levels of vitamin E in breast milk and thus the consequently increase the supply of micronutrient for the newborn. However, most studies with vitamin E supplementation have been conducted in animals and little is known about the effect of maternal supplementation in humans, as well as on its efficiency to increase levels of α-TOH in human milk, depending on the shape natural or synthetic. The study included 109 women, divided into three groups: control without supplementation (GC) (n=36), supplemented with natural capsule (GNAT) (n=40) and the synthetic capsule (GSINT) (n=33). Blood samples were collected for determination of maternal nutritional status, and colostrums at initial contact and after 24 hours post-supplementation. Analyses were performed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Values of α-TOH in serum below 499.6mg/dL were considered deficient. We used the Kruskal-Wallis test and Tukey test to confirm the increase of alpha-tocopherol in milk and efficiency of administered capsules. Daily consumption of α-TOH was based on daily intake of 500 mL of colostrum by the newborn and compared with the nutritional requirement for children from 0 to 6 months of age, 4 mg / day. The mothers had mean concentration of serum α-TOH in 1016 ± 52, 1236 ± 51 and 1083 ± 61 mg / dL, in CG, GNAT and GSINT respectively. There were no women with deficiiency. The GC did not change the concentrations of α-TOH in colostrum. While women supplemented with natural and synthetic forms increased concentrations of α-TOH colostrum in 57.6% and 39%, respectively. By comparing supplemented groups, it was observed a significant difference (p=0.04), the natural capsule more efficient than the synthetic, approximately 49.6%. Individually, 21.1% of the women provided below 4mg/day of α-TOH, after supplementation for this index declined4.1%. Thus, maternal supplementation postpartum raised the levels of alpha-tocopherol in colostrum, and increased efficiency was observed with the natural form

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Vitamin A deficiency is a serious public health problem in developing countries, and it causes death and blindness among children in the developing countries. The fortification of food could be an important source of vitamins to control deficiency. 60 Coturnix coturnix japonica quails were used in a randomized design with duration of seven weeks. The birds were assigned into five treatments with four repetitions. The objective was to evaluate the influence of the supplementation with different levels of retinyl palmitate (2,000 IU, 4,000 IU, 8,000IU and 16,000 IU) in quails under the levels of retinyl in egg yolks. The method used to dose retinyl in yolks of quail eggs was High Performance Liquid Chromatography and the enzymatic method to quantify the cholesterol concentration. The weight and production of eggs was significantly modified by the supplementation with retinyl in the birds. The results showed a gradual increase in the incorporation of retinyl in the egg yolk as a response to the supplementation, reaching values 384% higher than the control values. By the end of the supplementations a significant reduction in the concentrations of retinyl in the eggs yolk was observed. The most lasting supplementations were with 8,000 IU and 16,000 IU which lasted for three weeks. The cholesterol content in eggs was not significantly modified. The consumption of one egg enriched with 16000UI of retinol palmitate in the present study, by day, would probably reach 10 and 7,3% of the daily recommendations of this micronutrient for children of 1 to 3 years of age, and for 4 to 8 years, respectively. The nutritional value of eggs, related to the vitamin A, can be improved by supplementation of quails

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The tendency towards reduction of serum retinol levels, an existing placental barrier and the increase of retinol demand, are factors that place puerperal and lactating women at risk for Vitamin A deficiency. This micronutrient is an essential component of vital processes such as differentiation, cellular proliferation, and apoptosis. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of palmitate retinol supplementation (100.000UI) upon the milk retinollevels in puerperal women at the Januário Cicco University Maternity Hospital. This intervention has been adopted by the Ministry of Health since 2002. The longitudinal experiment was conducted with 106 puerperal women (68 comprised the supplemented group and 38 the control group). The High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method was used to dose the retinol of the milk and serum samples, and the creamtocrit method to determine the milk fat levels. The retinol means for the colostrums were 99.0 ± 64.4 ug/dL and 160.1 ± 94,4 ug/dl 6 hours afier supplementation; 68.9 ± 33.5 ug/dL for the transitional milk, and 30.6 ± 15.2 ug/dL for the mature milk of the supplemented group. Ali the difterences between means were statistically significant. The difterence between retinol means in the control group were also significant, with these being greater in the colostrum, 88.6 ± 62.1 ug/dL with 61.9 ± 30.1 ug/dl in the transition milk and 32.9 ±32.9 ± 17.6 ug/dL in the mature milk. No significant difference was observed in the retinol means of the three types ot milk in the supplemented group when compared to their respective means in the control group. The prevalence in serum (35.1 % and 81.1 % for the cutting point 20 ug/dL, respectively) and in milk (51.4%) revealed vitamin A deficiency as a public health problem. COlostrum, transition, and mature milk tats varied similarly in the supplemented group (1,92 ± 0,96; 3,25 ± 1,27 and 3,31 ± 1,36 grams) and in the control group (1,87 ± 1,14; 3,25 ± 1,31 and 3,36 ± 1,67 grams), with an observed difference between the colostrum/transition milk and the colostrum/mature milk fats. No difference was observed between the groups. The study showed that the 200.000UI supplementation was not sufficient to increase the milk retinol to the desired levels nor to meet the demands of the mothers with deprived hepatic reserves. It is suggested that another similar dose be offered within 30 days or less, and within 2 months post-partum, while continual/y monitoring for possible pregnancy

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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The feedlot performance of 30 post-weaning 3/4 Canchim 1/4 Nellore calves, with seven months of age and 208,8 kg of liveweight, was evaluated. Three different protein sources in isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets with 60:40 forage: concentrate ratio were used. The diets, fed ad libitum, constituted of corn silage, corn grain, mineral mix and a different protein source for each treatment: cottonseed meal, soybean meal and whole soybean. The weight gain, feed: gain ratio, dry matter and crude protein intake were evaluated for the growing (84 days) and fattening phases (84 days) and for the overall period. An economic study of young bulls production model was realized at the end of experimental period. Soybean meal based diet presented the best animal performance and provided R$ 51.30/head of net profit - the best economic result.

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Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de diferentes relações entre proteína verdadeira e nitrogênio não-proteico sobre o consumo e a dinâmica de trânsito e degradação ruminal da fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) da forragem em bovinos em pastejo durante o período das águas. Foram utilizados cinco novilhos mestiços Holandês × Zebu, castrados, com peso corporal inicial de 335±35 kg fistulados no rúmen e no abomaso. Os tratamentos foram: controle (somente pasto); e suplementos com ureia; com 2/3 de compostos nitrogenados oriundos da ureia e 1/3 de compostos nitrogenados oriundos da albumina; com 1/3 de compostos nitrogenados oriundos da ureia e 2/3 de compostos nitrogenados oriundos da albumina; e com albumina. Foram fornecidos 200 g/dia de proteína bruta (PB) a partir dos suplementos. O experimento foi conduzido segundo delineamento em quadrado latino 5 × 5, com cinco períodos experimentais de 15 dias. Não foram observados efeitos da suplementação sobre o consumo voluntário, com exceção do consumo de PB, que aumentou com a suplementação. A substituição da ureia por albumina nos suplementos teve efeito linear sobre o consumo de PB. Os consumos dos demais componentes da dieta não foram afetados pela composição dos suplementos. Nenhum efeito foi observado sobre a taxa de passagem ruminal de compostos fibrosos. O fornecimento de suplementos ampliou, em média, a estimativa da taxa comum de latência e degradação da FDN. Contudo, não houve efeito da alteração na composição dos suplementos sobre este parâmetro. A suplementação de bovinos com fontes de compostos nitrogenados degradáveis no rúmen proteicos ou não-proteicos durante o período das águas não afeta o consumo voluntário de pasto.