How does the use of a reflective journal enhance students’ critical thinking about complexity?

Introduction to Youth Services is a second year Social Work and Human Services unit. In this unit a reflective writing task was introduced to assess students’ reflections on an ongoing tutorial discussion to which they contributed. The discussion was based on a fictional young person each tutorial group ‘worked with’ across eight weeks of a semester. In developing the process and the criteria for the reflective journal, the ideas raised by the Teaching and Assessing Reflective Learning (TARL) in Higher Education project (see Chap. 2) were utilised, scaffolding the work with resources and submission of a draft. The students were also invited to choose the form of reflective process they used, it could be a written journal but did not need to be. The evidence exemplified that a reflective journal is an effective tool for students to record their developing understanding regarding the concept that issues people experience are complex and compounding. Importantly, it was also a useful vehicle for students to begin to consider the impacts of their own and others’ values and beliefs on their response to the issues raised within the case discussion. The reflective journal also helped participants to consider how this learning contributes to the ongoing development of their professional practice framework.

Reflectve writing vs Essays and Reports

Comparing reflective writing with essay and report writing

Assessing reflection skills in law using criterion-referenced assessment

This paper focuses on the assessment of reflective practice, an issue that has not been fully explored within legal education literature. While the issue of how reflective practice should be taught is one that requires careful consideration, it is beyond the scope of this paper to consider both the teaching and the assessment of reflective practice. Part II of this paper conceptualises reflective practice, and Part III explores the benefits of reflective practice in legal education and the use of reflective writing to assess experiential learning in a legal context. Part IV considers the diverse issues that arise in assessing reflective practice and whether there is an objective method for assessing reflection. Part V of the paper examines the assessment of reflective practice in the context of an exemplar undergraduate law subject that uses a reflective report to assess students’ experiential learning during a court visit.14 Finally, Part VI offers a rubric to facilitate criterion-referenced assessment of reflective practice and thereby provides a framework for assessing reflection skills. It is suggested that the rubric is transferable not only to other law subjects but also to subjects in other disciplines.

Building intercultural competence one “Patch” at a time

This paper describes a program called Patches that was implemented to assist a group of Australian and Malaysian pre-service teachers to enhance their intercultural competence through their involvement in a series of reciprocal learning activities. Each learning experience was considered a “patch” that eventually created a “quilt of intercultural learning.” The purpose of this study was to enhance the intercultural competence of domestic and international students through organized intercultural activities, through a series of reflective writing sessions, and mutual engagement on a common project. The effectiveness of the Patches program was analysed in accordance with Deardorff’s elements of intercultural competence. The qualitative findings indicate that both cohorts of preservice teachers showed elements of intercultural competence through participation in the program, with both groups reporting a deeper appreciation and understanding of how to communicate more effectively in intercultural contexts.

Developing intercultural competence in pre-service teachers from Australia and Malaysia : insights from the “Patches” programme

Developing intercultural competence in pre-service teachers from Australia and Malaysia: Insights from a Patches program. Innovative pedagogies can offer pre-service teachers the opportunity to develop their intercultural competence and take up more globalised viewpoints. One such innovation is the Patches program which brought together Malaysian and Australian pre-service teachers who were studying at the same university in Brisbane, Australia, to actively explore issues of cultural and linguistic difference. The participants were 14 Australian fourth-year pre-service teachers who were enrolled in a program on inclusive education, and 58 Malaysian pre-service teachers who had recently arrived at the university in Brisbane to commence their second year of an international education program. In peer groupings, these domestic and international pre-service teachers engaged in a series of interactive tasks and reflective writing workshops exploring intercultural experiences, over a period of ten weeks. Each element or ‘patch’ in the program was designed to build up into a mosaic of intercultural learning. The flexible structuring of the Patches Program provided a supportive framework for participant interaction whilst allowing the groups to decide for themselves the nature and extent of their involvement in a series of community-related tasks. The process of negotiating and implementing these activities formed the basis for establishing meaningful relationships between the participants. The development of the participants’ intercultural competence is traced through their reflective narratives and focus group discussions, drawing on Byram’s concept of the five savoirs. Explaining aspects of Australian culture to their newly arrived Malaysian peers, allowed the Australian pre-service teachers to take a perspective of outsideness towards their own familiar social practices. In addition, being unusually positioned as the linguistic other amongst a group of Bahasa Melayu speakers, highlighted for the Australian pre-service teachers the importance of being inclusive. For the Malaysian pre-service teachers, participation in the Patches program helped to extend intercultural understandings, establish social networks with local students, and build a sense of community in their new learning environment. Both groups of pre-service teachers noted the power of “learning directly by interacting rather than through books”. In addition to interacting interculturally, the process of reflecting on these intercultural experiences is seen as integral to the development of intercultural competence.

Transnational field experience : making the familiar strange

This study explores the impact of field experience in Australian primary classrooms on the developing professional identities of Malaysian pre-service teachers. This group of 24 Malaysian students are undertaking their Bachelor of Education in Teaching English as a Foreign Language (BEd TESL) at an Australian university, as part of a transnational twinning program. The globalisation of education has seen an increase in such transnational school experiences for pre-service teachers, with the aim of extending professional experience and intercultural competence by engaging in communities of practice beyond the local (Tsui 2005, Luke 2004). Despite overseas governments, such as Malaysia, having sponsored multimillion dollar twinning programs for their pre-service teachers, there is a lack of research regarding the outcomes of transnational professional practice within such programs. This study adopts a qualitative approach focusing on participants’ narratives as revealed in their reflective writing and through semi-structured interviews. Adopting a Bakhtinian framework, this research uses the concept of ‘voice’ to explore how pre-service teachers negotiate their identities as EFL teachers in response to their lived professional experiences (Bakhtin 1981, 1986). Encountering different cultural and educational practices in their transnational field experiences can lead pre-service teachers to question taken-for-granted practices that they have grown up with. This has been described as a process of making the familiar strange, and can lead to a shift in professional understandings. This study investigates how such questioning occurs and how the transnational field experience is perceived by the participants as contributing to their developing professional identities.

Refining a teaching pattern: Reflection around artefacts

This book is about understanding the nature and application of reflection in higher education. It provides a theoretical model to guide the implementation of reflective learning and reflective practice across multiple disciplines and international contexts in higher education. The book presents research into the ways in which reflection is both considered and implemented in different ways across different professional disciplines, while maintaining a common purpose to transform and improve learning and/or practice. Chapter 13 'Refining a Teaching Pattern: Reflection Around Artefacts' explores reflective practices of an artefact, in this case fashion design garment samples.

Leadership Enabling Effective Pedagogic Change in Higher Education

This chapter will consider pedagogic change in Higher Education from the perspective of an Assistant Dean (Teaching and Learning) and one member of their leadership team with particular focus on reflective writing in their courses. The discussion will focus on leadership for the development of teaching capability for reflective writing development and implications for quality assurance of teaching and learning across faculties of a leading comprehensive University. The authors will present and contrast the experiences and challenges of developing teaching approaches for reflective writing across the discipline of teacher education. The chapter will argue a position for the establishment of a framework of distributed leadership that supports effective pedagogical change management generally and with specific reference to reflective writing.

Using the TARL Model in Psychology: Supporting First and Final Year Students to Compose Reflections

Reflective thinking is an important skill in psychology, both as a tool in the therapeutic process and in professional development. The adapted 4Rs Model provides reflective writing structure and highlights the importance of Reporting & Responding, Relating, Reasoning and Reconstructing to students who are new to writing reflections. This chapter presents a case in which the 4Rs model (modified from the 5Rs model in Chap. 2 of this edition) was adopted to support reflective writing skills of undergraduate psychology students in a first year unit and in a final year unit. Although all students reflected on their learning within the units, the support activities leading up to the reflective tasks were adjusted to account for differences in the abilities of the cohorts and the focus of the units. In an evaluation survey, both groups of students endorsed statements about the importance of reflections and the utility of using the model. First year students also reported some difficulties understanding the 4Rs. This chapter will explore how first and final year students can be supported to develop reflection skills through scaffolding and modification of the same approaches and model.

Construção da profissionalidade na formação inicial de professores do 1º CEB: o caso de um grupo de professores estagiários da ESEC

Este trabalho põe em evidência o valor formativo da prática profissional supervisionada e da escrita reflexiva com feedback co-construtivo sobre a praxis enquanto eixos estruturantes da construção de competências profissionais na formação inicial de professores do 1.º ciclo do ensino básico. Integrada no paradigma da complexidade e assumindo, do ponto de vista teórico-epistemológico, o diálogo entre o paradigma construtivista da complexidade (Lerbet 1986, 2004; Morin, 1994, s.d.; Le Moigne, 2002, 2003a), o paradigma da complexificação e da epistemologia da escuta/controvérsia (Correia, 2001), o experiencialismo crítico (Alarcão, 2001b) e o construtivismo/socioconstrutivismo (Piaget, 1975; Perret-Clermont, 1978; Morgado, 1988), a investigação que desenvolvemos teve como objectivo central saber como e em que condições, num contexto de formação reflexiva (Schön, 1983, 1992; Zeichner, 1993; Alarcão, 1996b, 2001c; Marcelo, 1999; Sá-Chaves, 2002; Alarcão e Tavares, 2003; Perrenoud, 2004) e, simultaneamente, de investigação (Moreira e Alarcão, 1997; Elliot, 1997; Alarcão, 2001a, 2001b; Moreira, 2001; Esteves, 2002; Estrela, 2003), se opera a construção da profissionalidade e da identidade social docente (Perrenoud, 1995, 2001b; Le Boterf, 1999; DeSeCo, 2002), ou seja, compreender a forma como se estabelecem e evoluem as dimensões que caracterizam o conhecimento profissional e os factores (activadores e inibidores) de desenvolvimento nele envolvidos. Para atingir este objectivo, propusemo-nos desenhar e realizar uma investigação centrada numa metodologia de formação – investigação-acção (Bataille, 1981; Pourtois, 1981; Morin, 1985; Moreira, 2001), de orientação reflexiva, focada no desenvolvimento pessoal e profissional dos alunos do 4.º ano do curso de formação de professores do 1.º CEB, da Escola Superior de Educação de Coimbra. Adoptou-se, por isso, uma dupla modelização para a investigação: o estudo de caso (para a investigação) e a investigação-acção (para a formação). O pólo técnico da investigação (Bruyne, Herman e Schoutheete, 1991) configurou, assim, como modo de investigação, o estudo de caso (multicaso) e as entrevistas, os interrogatórios clínicos (realizados no âmbito da pós-observação da componente de formação Estágio), a escrita regular de narrativas autobiográficas centrada nas trajectórias de formação (de processo e de síntese), a observação de aulas, entre outros, como instrumentos de recolha de dados que pareceram adequados à metodologia essencialmente qualitativa que elegemos. Os mesmos instrumentos, articulada e conjuntamente com outros adoptados no âmbito do desenvolvimento da unidade curricular Observação e Intervenção Educativa IV - Seminário de Análise e Reflexão Práticas, assumiram também funções formativas, ou seja, constituíram, pela análise dos dados que possibilitaram, ferramentas importantes de auto, hetero e co-formação e, concomitantemente, de investigação. A triangulação dos dados provenientes destas múltiplas fontes de informação assegurou o contraditório na gestão dos dados garantindo, deste modo, a validade das conclusões da investigação. Os dados da observação/supervisão das práticas pedagógicas e respectiva análise permitiu-nos: 1) identificar o estabelecimento e a evolução de configurações de relação entre a aprendizagem de competências básicas para o desempenho docente no 1.º CEB e certos aspectos explícitos do contexto de formação inicial tais como a iniciação à prática profissional supervisionada e a escrita reflexiva com feedback co-construtivo; 2) perspectivar, no contexto da iniciação à prática profissional supervisionada, a existência de um espaço de intervenção comum co-concebido, co-planificado, co-desenvolvido e coavaliado pelas instituições formadora e cooperantes em torno de um projecto de formação onde o diálogo prática-teoria-prática emerge como central na construção da complexa rede de competências profissionais que hoje se reclamam na formação inicial de professores; 3) conceber o professor como um profissional crítico-reflexivo e a reflexão e a investigação partilhada como dispositivos centrais de auto-avaliação e auto-regulação do desempenho profissional e do desenvolvimento ao longo da vida; 4) percepcionar a formação inicial do professor de 1.º CEB como o início do processo de vinculação/socialização à profissão. Estas conclusões podem, a nosso ver, contribuir, no quadro de uma colaboração interinstitucional co-formadora, que do ponto de vista das políticas de formação de professores se impõe redefinir, para o reconhecimento e valorização da importância dos contextos de prática supervisionada e da escrita autobiográfica com feedback co-construtivo no desenvolvimento profissional e identitário na formação inicial de educadores/professores e, simultaneamente, sustentar, ancorada numa nova ética de investigação, a teoria da formação na perspectiva da epistemologia do sujeito aprendente.

Sustaining Success portfolio summary

The portfolio comprises a cover sheet plus five pages of reflective writing, one page addressing each different portfolio topic This document summarises the contents of the portfolio IT IS NOT THE PORTFOLIO TEMPLATE The questions shown under each sub-heading are meant to act as thinking prompts to help you in the reflective process.

Sustaining Success Week 2 task

A set of questions to be used with the RSA animate video of the talk given by Dan Pink on motivation. The questions are designed to help you address some of the sections in the portfolio

Sustaining Success Links and Readings

Links to video's (wip)

Sustaining Success cover sheet plus supporting material

Download and edit this document to prepare your hand in. The portfolio comprises a cover sheet plus five pages of reflective writing, one page addressing each different portfolio topic This shows the cover sheet, the assessment criteria and the portfolio summary IT IS NOT THE PORTFOLIO TEMPLATE The questions shown under each sub-heading are meant to act as thinking prompts to help you in the reflective process.

Sustaining Success mark scheme

This explains the mark scheme for the portfolio