1000 resultados para Motor de indução
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Este trabalho estuda a técnica de acionamento vetorial aplicado ao motor de indução trifásico (MIT), utilizando como estratégia de controle a combinação de controle fuzzy com controladores chaveados do tipo modo deslizante, em uma configuração aqui denominada de Controlador Fuzzy Modo Deslizante (FSMC – Do inglês: Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control). Um modelo dinâmico do MIT é desenvolvido em variáveis ‘d-q’ o que conduziu a um modelo eletromecânico em espaço de estados que exibe fortes não linearidades. A este modelo são aplicadas as condições de controle vetorial que permitem desacoplar o torque e o fluxo no MIT, de maneira que o seu comportamento dinâmico se assemelha àquele verificado em uma máquina de corrente contínua. Nesta condição, são implementados controladores do tipo proporcional e integral (PI) às malhas de controle de corrente e velocidade do motor, e são realizadas simulações computacionais para o rastreamento de velocidade e perturbação de carga, o que levam a resultados satisfatórios do ponto de vista dinâmico. Visando investigar o desempenho das estratégias não lineares nesta abordagem é apresentado o estudo da técnica de controle a estrutura chaveada do tipo modo deslizante. Um controlador modo deslizante convencional é implementado, onde se verifica que, a despeito do excelente desempenho dinâmico a ocorrência do fenômeno do “chettering” inviabiliza a aplicação desta estratégia em testes reais. Assim, é proposta a estratégia de controle FSMC, buscando associar o bom resultado dinâmico obtido com o controlador modo deslizante e a supressão do fenômeno do chettering, o que se atinge pela definição de uma camada de chaveamento do tipo Fuzzy. O controlador FSMC proposto é submetido aos mesmos testes computacionais que o controlador PI, conduzindo a resultados superiores a este último no transitório da resposta dinâmica, porém com a presença de erro em regime permanente. Para atacar este problema é implementada uma combinação Fuzzy das estratégias FSMC com a ação de controle PI, onde o primeiro busca atuar em regiões afastadas da superfície de chaveamento e o segundo busca introduzir o efeito da ação integral próximo à superfície. Os resultados obtidos mostram a viabilidade da estratégia em acionamento de velocidade variável que exigem elevado desempenho dinâmico.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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This work aims to make the closed loop control of a three phase induction motor, through the integration of the following equipment: a frequency inverter, the actuator system; a programmable logic controller (PLC), the controller; an encoder, the velocity sensor, used as a feedback monitoring the control variable and the three-phase induction motor, the plant to be controlled. The control is performed using a Proportional - Integrative - Derivative (PID) approach. The PLC has a help instruction, which performs the auto adjustment of the controller, that instruction is used and confronted with other adjustment methods. There are several types of methods adjustments to the PID controllers, where the empirical methods are addressed in this work. The system is deployed at the Interface and Electro Electronic Control laboratory in the Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio Mesquita Filho, Guaratinguetá, São Paulo, then, in the future, this work becomes an experiment to be conducted in the classroom, allowing undergraduate students to develop a greater affinity to the programs used by the PLC as well as studies of undergraduate and graduate works with the help of assembly made
Proposta de uma metodologia de rebobinamento para converter motor de indução trifásico em monofásico
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This paper proposes the conversion of a three-phase induction motor into single phase through rewinding its stator. It presents a methodology to calculate this rewinding process considering the constructive parameters of the, such as number of slots and number of poles, for instance. The operating principles of DC motors are highlighted to introduce the logic involved in the calculation of lap and wave windings. The construction of the stator three-phase induction motor generally uses the lap winding, which is also used in single phase to perform the conversion. The rewinding process is widely used for reconstruction of industrial and residential electric motors that have suffered damage or present flaws with use. Therefore, many three-phase electric motors that are discarded or disposed of could be recovered by the method described in this work for a purpose that contributes to energy efficiency or simply saving resources in single-phase uses
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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEB
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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS
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Considering that the Brazilian energy source is based on hydroelectric power plants, every moment that it does not rain enough, we are likely to suffer power outage. Making the rational use of energy not only is wise, but also important for financial issues. The industrial sector is of great importance to Brazilian economic context, because it is one that creates more wealth and jobs. It should be noted that it is one of the sectors that consume more electricity. One of the most used equipment in industry is the three phase induction motor, which ends up providing significant waste of energy. For that reasons, studying three phase induction motors is important. One of the ways to evaluate the parameter of the three phase induction motor is using a dynamometer mechanic or electric. This work aims at further studies (and development) of electrodynamometer brake, a type of electrical dynamometer, that is the only one with reversible use. This means, it is possible to measure both the torque and the power transmitted by the electric motors, by the direct method and the indirect. Besides it allows greater stability in the imposition of charges, due to its nature of being able to regenerate the energy imparted by the engines being tested
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Considering that the Brazilian energy source is based on hydroelectric power plants, every moment that it does not rain enough, we are likely to suffer power outage. Making the rational use of energy not only is wise, but also important for financial issues. The industrial sector is of great importance to Brazilian economic context, because it is one that creates more wealth and jobs. It should be noted that it is one of the sectors that consume more electricity. One of the most used equipment in industry is the three phase induction motor, which ends up providing significant waste of energy. For that reasons, studying three phase induction motors is important. One of the ways to evaluate the parameter of the three phase induction motor is using a dynamometer mechanic or electric. This work aims at further studies (and development) of electrodynamometer brake, a type of electrical dynamometer, that is the only one with reversible use. This means, it is possible to measure both the torque and the power transmitted by the electric motors, by the direct method and the indirect. Besides it allows greater stability in the imposition of charges, due to its nature of being able to regenerate the energy imparted by the engines being tested
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This work intent to study the motive power provided by the plane linear induction motor, in a lock condition. It uses a method of imposition of the electric current to the stator via a frequency convertor PWM driven by a refed platform. The reading of the motive power was performed by a load cell using an electronic circuit for reading and conditioning of the signal. Aiming a complete analysis of the linear motor, it was performed a computational modeling that employs all relevant parameters to the study of the locked machine. At the end it was held a theoric-experimental confrontation that evaluated the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em engenharia electrotécnica e de computadores
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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Eletrotécnica e de Computadores
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O avanço tecnológico promoveu uma crescente fiabilidade no que respeita a motores elétricos (principalmene nos Motor de Indução (MI)). Estes representam mais de 80% do total de motores elétricos utilizados em todo o mundo. A sua avaria inesperada num ambiente industrial pode significar pesados prejuízos e transtornos, fazendo com que métodos de deteção de avarias modernos sejam cada vez mais atrativos para estes ambientes. Apesar da grande necessidade industrial de profissionais capazes de lidar com estas temáticas, existe uma grande escassez de materiais de ensino que permitam o conhecimento adequado dos métodos de deteção. Esta dissertação apresenta um sistema capaz de lidar com as necessidades educacionais encontradas hoje em dia, no que respeita ao ensino de deteção de avarias em MIs. O sistema apresentado permite a realização de ensaios em ambiente laboratorial, permitindo aos alunos visualizarem o funcionamento de um único motor em vários estados de avarias pré-programadas. Em cada uma das avarias possíveis de emular, o aluno pode tomar várias opções de simulação, alterando parâmetros específicos da avaria. Para além de permitir a realização de diferentes ensaios, este sistema constitui ainda uma interessante ferramenta de ensino no que respeita à deteção de avarias em MIs, contendo ferramentas que visam apoiar a educação nesta temática. Essas ferramentas incluem documentos (ou um portal) desenvolvidos especificamente para este tema e exercícios didáticos que podem ser realizados diretamente no sistema. Dada á sua versatilidade, este sistema poderá vir a constituir uma ferramenta de extrema importância didática no ensino de deteção e diagnóstico de avarias no MI.
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Relevant researches have been growing on electric machine without mancal or bearing and that is generally named bearingless motor or specifically, mancal motor. In this paper it is made an introductory presentation about bearingless motor and its peripherical devices with focus on the design and implementation of sensors and interfaces needed to control rotor radial positioning and rotation of the machine. The signals from the machine are conditioned in analogic inputs of DSP TMS320F2812 and used in the control program. This work has a purpose to elaborate and build a system with sensors and interfaces suitable to the input and output of DSP TMS320F2812 to control a mancal motor, bearing in mind the modularity, simplicity of circuits, low number of power used, good noise imunity and good response frequency over 10 kHz. The system is tested at a modified ordinary induction motor of 3,7 kVA to be used with a bearingless motor with divided coil
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Induction motors are one of the most important equipment of modern industry. However, in many situations, are subject to inadequate conditions as high temperatures and pressures, load variations and constant vibrations, for example. Such conditions, leaving them more susceptible to failures, either external or internal in nature, unwanted in the industrial process. In this context, predictive maintenance plays an important role, where the detection and diagnosis of faults in a timely manner enables the increase of time of the engine and the possibiity of reducing costs, caused mainly by stopping the production and corrective maintenance the motor itself. In this juncture, this work proposes the design of a system that is able to detect and diagnose faults in induction motors, from the collection of electrical line voltage and current, and also the measurement of engine speed. This information will use as input to a fuzzy inference system based on rules that find and classify a failure from the variation of thess quantities
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Electrical Motors transform electrical energy into mechanic energy in a relatively easy way. In some specific applications, there is a need for electrical motors to function with noncontaminated fluids, in high speed systems, under inhospitable conditions, or yet, in local of difficult access and considerable depth. In these cases, the motors with mechanical bearings are not adequate as their wear give rise to maintenance. A possible solution for these problems stems from two different alternatives: motors with magnetic bearings, that increase the length of the machine (not convenient), and the bearingless motors that aggregate compactness. Induction motors have been used more and more in research, as they confer more robustness to bearingless motors compared to other types of machines building with others motors. The research that has already been carried out with bearingless induction motors utilized prototypes that had their structures of stator/rotor modified, that differ most of the times from the conventional induction motors. The goal of this work is to study the viability of the use of conventional induction Motors for the beringless motors applications, pointing out the types of Motors of this category that can be more useful. The study uses the Finite Elements Method (FEM). As a means of validation, a conventional induction motor with squirrel-cage rotor was successfully used for the beringless motor application of the divided winding type, confirming the proposed thesis. The controlling system was implemented in a Digital Signal Processor (DSP)