989 resultados para Markov, Campos aleatórios de


Relevância:

30.00% 30.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) are extensively used to encode sequences of decisions with probabilistic effects. Markov Decision Processes with Imprecise Probabilities (MDPIPs) encode sequences of decisions whose effects are modeled using sets of probability distributions. In this paper we examine the computation of Γ-maximin policies for MDPIPs using multilinear and integer programming. We discuss the application of our algorithms to “factored” models and to a recent proposal, Markov Decision Processes with Set-valued Transitions (MDPSTs), that unifies the fields of probabilistic and “nondeterministic” planning in artificial intelligence research. 

Relevância:

30.00% 30.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Este trabalho tem como objetivo o estudo do comportamento assintótico da estatística de Pearson (1900), que é o aparato teórico do conhecido teste qui-quadrado ou teste x2 como também é usualmente denotado. Inicialmente estudamos o comportamento da distribuição da estatística qui-quadrado de Pearson (1900) numa amostra {X1, X2,...,Xn} quando n → ∞ e pi = pi0 , 8n. Em seguida detalhamos os argumentos usados em Billingley (1960), os quais demonstram a convergência em distribuição de uma estatística, semelhante a de Pearson, baseada em uma amostra de uma cadeia de Markov, estacionária, ergódica e com espaço de estados finitos S

Relevância:

30.00% 30.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

In this work we study the Hidden Markov Models with finite as well as general state space. In the finite case, the forward and backward algorithms are considered and the probability of a given observed sequence is computed. Next, we use the EM algorithm to estimate the model parameters. In the general case, the kernel estimators are used and to built a sequence of estimators that converge in L1-norm to the density function of the observable process

Relevância:

30.00% 30.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

In this work we studied the consistency for a class of kernel estimates of f f (.) in the Markov chains with general state space E C Rd case. This study is divided into two parts: In the first one f (.) is a stationary density of the chain, and in the second one f (x) v (dx) is the limit distribution of a geometrically ergodic chain

Relevância:

30.00% 30.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Os Algoritmos Genético (AG) e o Simulated Annealing (SA) são algoritmos construídos para encontrar máximo ou mínimo de uma função que representa alguma característica do processo que está sendo modelado. Esses algoritmos possuem mecanismos que os fazem escapar de ótimos locais, entretanto, a evolução desses algoritmos no tempo se dá de forma completamente diferente. O SA no seu processo de busca trabalha com apenas um ponto, gerando a partir deste sempre um nova solução que é testada e que pode ser aceita ou não, já o AG trabalha com um conjunto de pontos, chamado população, da qual gera outra população que sempre é aceita. Em comum com esses dois algoritmos temos que a forma como o próximo ponto ou a próxima população é gerada obedece propriedades estocásticas. Nesse trabalho mostramos que a teoria matemática que descreve a evolução destes algoritmos é a teoria das cadeias de Markov. O AG é descrito por uma cadeia de Markov homogênea enquanto que o SA é descrito por uma cadeia de Markov não-homogênea, por fim serão feitos alguns exemplos computacionais comparando o desempenho desses dois algoritmos

Relevância:

30.00% 30.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

In this work, we present a risk theory application in the following scenario: In each period of time we have a change in the capital of the ensurance company and the outcome of a two-state Markov chain stabilishs if the company pays a benece it heat to one of its policyholders or it receives a Hightimes c > 0 paid by someone buying a new policy. At the end we will determine once again by the recursive equation for expectation the time ruin for this company

Relevância:

30.00% 30.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

In this work, we studied the strong consistency for a class of estimates for a transition density of a Markov chain with general state space E ⊂ Rd. The strong ergodicity of the estimates for the density transition is obtained from the strong consistency of the kernel estimates for both the marginal density p(:) of the chain and the joint density q(., .). In this work the Markov chain is supposed to be homogeneous, uniformly ergodic and possessing a stationary density p(.,.)

Relevância:

30.00% 30.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

In this work, we present our understanding about the article of Aksoy [1], which uses Markov chains to model the flow of intermittent rivers. Then, we executed an application of his model in order to generate data for intermittent streamflows, based on a data set of Brazilian streams. After that, we build a hidden Markov model as a proposed new approach to the problem of simulation of such flows. We used the Gamma distribution to simulate the increases and decreases in river flows, along with a two-state Markov chain. The motivation for us to use a hidden Markov model comes from the possibility of obtaining the same information that the Aksoy’s model provides, but using a single tool capable of treating the problem as a whole, and not through multiple independent processes

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

This paper proposes a novel relative entropy rate (RER) based approach for multiple HMM (MHMM) approximation of a class of discrete-time uncertain processes. Under different uncertainty assumptions, the model design problem is posed either as a min-max optimisation problem or stochastic minimisation problem on the RER between joint laws describing the state and output processes (rather than the more usual RER between output processes). A suitable filter is proposed for which performance results are established which bound conditional mean estimation performance and show that estimation performance improves as the RER is reduced. These filter consistency and convergence bounds are the first results characterising multiple HMM approximation performance and suggest that joint RER concepts provide a useful model selection criteria. The proposed model design process and MHMM filter are demonstrated on an important image processing dim-target detection problem.