Financial regulation and international criminal policy: the anti-money laundering system in Brazil and Argentina

The objective of this paper is to present and compare the process and the results of the implementation of the anti-money laundering system in Brazil and Argentina. Considering that the internal transformations cannot be discussed without a clear understanding of the international apparatus, attention will be given to the description of the “international policy” designed and conducted by FATF. Therefore, its incorporation into two different national realities, the Brazilian and the Argentinean ones, will shed light not only on the transnational transformations both States underwent but also on the anti-money laundering regime itself. The paper is divided into five parts. The first one presents a brief introduction on the emergence and development of the relationship between financial regulation and criminal policy. The two following sections are designed to present an overview of the anti money laundering system in Brazil and Argentina and of the role of FATF in their implementation process. The fourth section presents two Brazilian examples of situations in which full advantage of the FATF regime was taken: the National Strategy to Combat Corruption and Money Laundering and the BacenJud, a communication channel between the financial system and the judicial power. To conclude, final comments will be presented in connection with the central questions of the project this paper is part of .

O Papel das cooperativas de trabalho no contexto das transformações da sociedade brasileira: um estudo do caso no Município do Rio de Janeiro

The changes that have occurred in the Brazilian work market, mainly due to the opening of the economy in the 90th decade, have caused, as a consequence, the unemployment in the formal sector, with the reduction of posts of work in the industry and the precarization of the laborwork. In order to face these questions, it¿s necessary an analysis of the alternative measures, among them, the creation of the cooperative societies, which have increased about 90,8% in the last years. The purpose of this study is to identify and to analyze the functions of the work cooperatives, just in face of the changes of the Brazilian society. The analysis was directed towards a group of eight work cooperatives that work in lots of areas of professionals in the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro. The study reveals the existence of false work cooperatives, whose sole purpose is to intermediate the handiwork with the intention of benefiting enterprises that intend to decrease their own costs of production, just contributing for the precarization of the relations of work. The structure of the Judicial Power offers solutions that protect the workers who are exploited through fraudulent actions, by the false cooperatives, handiworkers. It can be noticed that this structure is enough to answer the challenges presented. It means that it is too bad to apprehend the revival of the work cooperativism and that it must be combated. Of course, it is maniqueist conception that distorts reality and disdains positive aspects of cooperative system. The results of the search have permitted to point out the main characteristics of the work cooperatives analyzed, the profile of the cooperative workers, and also the main obstacles to the development of the cooperative system in Brazil today . A long the analysis of tributary and labor questions and about the participation of the cooperative workers in the management of the cooperative - the most questionable points - it could be observed the development of real cooperative practices, trying to establish the differences between these and the fraudulent ones, also studied in this work. This study represents a contribution to all those who intend to study new relations of work in a critical away and from experiences in development.

Aprendizagem organizacional: estudo do ambiente na primeira instância do poder judiciário do Estado do Rio de Janeiro

This present study aims the human being¿s change aptness in the Judicial Power of The State of Rio de Janeiro, considering the Judiciary¿s historical, organizational and institutional characteristics. The introduced study is guided by the objective that social relations within some institutions have educational features and how these relations can generate knowledge. The analysis relates the maintenance or the rupture of the paradigms that the institution stimulates to be adopted by the human beings when they need to face reality.

A judicialização do acesso a medicamentos: a perspectiva da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro

Embora o direito à saúde esteja contemplado na Constituição de 1988, especialmente no artigo 196, carências de natureza gerencial, administrativa e orçamentária entre outras, restringem a capacidade operativa dos órgãos e entidades responsáveis pela sua efetivação desencadeando um fenômeno denominado judicialização do direito à saúde. Este fenômeno é observado quando os indivíduos adotam a iniciativa de recorrer ao Poder Judiciário para garantirem o direito de acesso aos meios e recursos necessários a melhoria de suas condições clínicas. Como o atendimento a saúde deve ser integral, contemplando todas as necessidades do indivíduo, o fenômeno também é observado quando o paciente recorre à justiça para garantir o direito de acesso a medicamentos que deveriam ser fornecidos gratuitamente pelo poder público. A presente dissertação procura abordar a questão do acesso aos medicamentos no Brasil intermediado pela atuação da justiça, sob a perspectiva da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro (SMS/RJ). Assim serão esquadrinhadas as principais dificuldades enfrentadas pela respectiva secretaria ante a atribuição de cumprir determinações emanadas do Poder Judiciário em atendimento ao que foi demandado pela sociedade.

Aspectos polêmicos da arbitragem: as tutelas de urgência no âmbito do procedimento arbitral

Através do presente trabalho, buscar-se-á discorrer sobre o cabimento das tutelas de urgências na esfera do procedimento arbitral, englobando a possibilidade de decretação e execução das medidas urgentes pelo árbitro – seja previamente ou no curso da arbitragem –, a partir da análise dos dispositivos da Lei de Arbitragem (Lei nº 9.307/1996), bem como da doutrina nacional dominante sobre o tema. Tal estudo faz-se relevante na medida em que o processo arbitral vem sendo amplamente utilizado por particulares como meio eficaz de solução de litígios relativos a direitos patrimoniais disponíveis. Todavia, mesmo sendo dotada de maior celeridade do que o provimento judicial, nem sempre a arbitragem conseguirá tutelar o direito material alegado pelas partes até que seja proferida a decisão final de mérito. Assim, em algumas situações, nas quais haja fundado receio de dano irreparável à parte, as medidas de urgência são imprescindíveis a fim de assegurar o direito pleiteado, tornando possível a prolação de uma sentença justa e revestida de utilidade prática. Neste contexto, entende-se o árbitro é dotado de poder jurisdicional para conceder medidas cautelares e antecipatórias que se façam necessárias, ainda que tal poder não esteja expressamente delimitado na convenção de arbitragem. Para efetivá-las, no entanto, precisará recorrer ao Poder Judiciário (monopolizador do poder de coerção) para dar cumprimento às medidas decretadas pelo árbitro, sempre que a parte em face da qual a medida for decretada se recusar a cumprir a determinação arbitral espontaneamente.

O direito à saúde e a política nacional de atenção oncológica: uma análise a partir da crescente judicialização dos medicamentos antineoplásicos

The 1988 Federal Constitution of Brazil by presenting the catalog of fundamental rights and guarantees (Title II) provides expressly that such rights reach the social, economic and cultural rights (art. 6 of CF/88) as a means not only to ratify the civil and political rights, but also to make them effective and practical in the life of the Brazilian people, particularly in the prediction of immediate application of those rights and guarantees. In this sense, health goes through condition of universal right and duty of the State, which should be guaranteed by social and economic policies aimed at reducing the risk of disease and other hazards, in addition to ensuring universal and equal access to actions and services for its promotion, protection and recovery (Article 196 by CF/88). Achieving the purposes aimed by the constituent to the area of health is the great challenge that requires the Health System and its managers. To this end, several policies have been structured in an attempt to establish actions and services for the promotion, protection and rehabilitation of diseases and disorders to health. In the mid-90s, in order to meet the guidelines and principles established by the SUS, it was established the Política Nacional de Atenção Oncológica PNAO, in an attempt to sketch out a public policy that sought to achieve maximum efficiency and to be able to give answers integral to effective care for patients with cancer, with emphasis on prevention, early detection, diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation and palliative care. However, many lawsuits have been proposed with applications for anticancer drugs. These actions have become very complex, both in the procedural aspects and in all material ones, especially due to the highcost drugs more requested these demands, as well as need to be buoyed by the scientific evidence of these drugs in relation to proposed treatments. The jurisprudence in this area, although the orientations as outlined by the Parliament of Supreme Court is still in the process of construction, this study is thus placed in the perspective of contributing to the effective and efficient adjudication in these actions, with focus on achieving the fundamental social rights. Given this scenario and using research explanatory literature and documents were examined 108 lawsuits pending in the Federal Court in Rio Grande do Norte, trying to identify the organs of the Judiciary behave in the face of lawsuits that seeking oncology drugs (or antineoplastic), seeking to reconcile the principles and constitutional laws and infra constitutional involving the theme in an attempt to contribute to a rationalization of this judicial practice. Finally, considering the Rational Use of health demands and the idea of belonging to the Brazilian people SUS, it is concluded that the judicial power requires ballast parameters of their decisions on evidence-based medicine, aligning these decisions housing constitutional principles that the right to health and the scientific conclusions of efficacy, effectiveness and efficiency in oncology drugs, when compared to the treatments offered by SUS

O quinto momento do homem: ética e dignidade

This work has as objective to rise stages of the human beings dignity evolution and its superposing with the entirety and the men s activities development, until its elevation as a constitutional principle and its evolution as a judicial decisions vector, being important to register that conviction ethics or convenience ethics imposes the existence of the constitutional principle. Human beings dignity principle deals about a historic and cultural, politic and social and economical construction, whose sloping is violently imposed to the production resources, which drives the present work through a trial of clarifying and aggregating all those nuances of the men s stages until they find out, welcome and construct the human beings dignity in all its subjective and objective aspects. The adopted research method was based in historic enrolment of the appearance among people since the bases of the word dignity until the acceptation of this value in the Brazilian society. This research searched dignity s doctrinaire valuation at the juridical point of view and the way of appreciation of this value, in its condition of constitutional principle, by the Brazilian Judicial Power. The work concludes that man and Law s evolution, in this moment, exposes, necessarily, an ethical posture in favor of dignity

Perfis do controle jurisdicional de políticas publicas: parâmetros objetivos e tutela coletiva

This paper focuses on a study of public policy jurisdictional control as some effectiveness mechanism for cultural, economical, and social fundamental rights. It investigates the juridical profile of public policies based on premises of the current (Neo)Constitutional State model and the assertion of an essentially constitutionalist Law paradigm from its genesis to its most peculiar elements, and through tormenting issues, such as: its position between Law and Politics, the difference with reflective subjective rights, and the problem of high financial costs. Once its object is identified, it moves forward into the theme itself, which is that of jurisdictional control, investigating its legitimacy based on paradigmatic judicial precedents and the facing of themes such as: current role of the Judicial Power, the splitting of state functions, administrative discretion, financial affordability, illegal omissions, and budget control. Finally, it examines, as its study central object, objective parameters for definition control, execution, and transparency of public policies, as well as identifying the most appropriate collective jurisdictional tutoring to its purposes together with some of its law process means. Therefrom, it shows new perspectives for the recent study on jurisdictional control of public policies, building foundations for the fundamental rights effectiveness

Cidadania e moradia em Franca: a luta de trabalhadores em tempo de democracia (1945-1960)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Governo eletrônico, democracia digital e comunicação pública: a presença do poder judiciário na internet

Pós-graduação em Comunicação - FAAC

Judiciary as the last resort to protect children and adolescents: intersectoral actions, investment in human resources, and structuring of services

This study aimed to identify the work developed by the Judiciary to prevent sexual violence against children and adolescents within the family. The approach to social representations in a cultural perspective was used. The field study consisted in the 1st and 2nd Court of Crimes against Children and Adolescents, at the State Supreme Court of Pernambuco, Brazil. Participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and focus group with 17 subjects were the techniques for data collection, analyzed through the interpretation of meanings, allowing the identification of the category "The Judiciary as the ultimate level" and the following subcategories: "The public policies to prevent violence" and "The structure and dynamics of Courts". This study allows the visualization of the Judiciary's limitations with regard to the full protection and absolute priority, and that the work along with the victims demands investments in structure and human resources.

Le politiche giudiziarie inglesi degli anni 2000: mutamento di paradigma e rafforzamento dell'incisività politica dei giudici

The Ph.D. dissertation analyses the reasons for which political actors (governments, legislatures and political parties) decide consciously to give away a source of power by increasing the political significance of the courts. It focuses on a single case of particular significance: the passage of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 in the United Kingdom. This Act has deeply changed the governance and the organization of the English judicial system, has provided a much clearer separation of powers and a stronger independence of the judiciary from the executive and the legislative. What’s more, this strengthening of the judicial independence has been decided in a period in which the political role of the English judges was evidently increasing. I argue that the reform can be interpreted as a «paradigm shift» (Hall 1993), that has changed the way in which the judicial power is considered. The most diffused conceptions in the sub-system of the English judicial policies are shifted, and a new paradigm has become dominant. The new paradigm includes: (i) stronger separation of powers, (ii) collective (as well as individual) conception of the independence of the judiciary, (iii) reduction of the political accountability of the judges, (iv) formalization of the guarantees of judicial independence, (v) principle-driven (instead of pragmatic) approach to the reforms, and (vi) transformation of a non-codified constitution in a codified one. Judicialization through political decisions represent an important, but not fully explored, field of research. The literature, in particular, has focused on factors unable to explain the English case: the competitiveness of the party system (Ramseyer 1994), the political uncertainty at the time of constitutional design (Ginsburg 2003), the cultural divisions within the polity (Hirschl 2004), federal institutions and division of powers (Shapiro 2002). All these contributes link the decision to enhance the political relevance of the judges to some kind of diffusion of political power. In the contemporary England, characterized by a relative high concentration of power in the government, the reasons for such a reform should be located elsewhere. I argue that the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 can be interpreted as a result of three different kinds of reasons: (i) the social and demographical transformations of the English judiciary, which have made inefficient most of the precedent mechanism of governance, (ii) the role played by the judges in the policy process and (iii) the cognitive and normative influences originated from the European context, as a consequence of the membership of the United Kingdom to the European Union and the Council of Europe. My thesis is that only a full analysis of all these three aspects can explain the decision to reform the judicial system and the content of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005. Only the cultural influences come from the European legal complex, above all, can explain the paradigm shift previously described.

Estado, Justicia y Sociedad : la Administración de Justicia en la provincia de Buenos Aires, 1853-1881

Esta ponencia es la presentación del proyecto de tesis, que tiene por objetivo estudiar el proceso de constitución y consolidación del poder judicial, responsable de la administración de justicia, como integrante del Estado provincial, legitimador de su accionar político y mediador con la sociedad civil. La investigación se ubica en la provincia de Buenos Aires, entre 1853 y 1881, que sancionó su propia Constitución en 1854, en la que declaraba en su artículo 118 que el poder judicial sería independiente de todo otro en el ejercicio de sus funciones. Es decir que en esta provincia la consagración de la teoría de los poderes del Estado y la ley como definidora de lo que era justo, requirieron de la organización del poder judicial. El sistema judicial de la provincia de Buenos Aires comenzó su formación como poder del Estado a partir de la reforma rivadaviana y el proceso alcanzó su madurez entre 1853 y 1881, como parte fundamental del proyecto liberal, asentado sobre la autoridad de la ley. El poder judicial garantizaba la legitimidad del sistema político republicano de matriz liberal, pero la dependencia con el poder ejecutivo se mantuvo en parte, representada en el presupuesto, los nombramientos y los jurys. La organización judicial en formación incluyó al ámbito rural con una fisonomía institucional que tendía a consolidar la relación entre Estado y sociedad civil; ésta manifestaba sus necesidades a través de la opinión pública y el poder las interpretaba con el fin de legitimar su acción política. En este proceso de legitimación, el poder judicial era funcional al Estado, lo que se consolidó con el tiempo. La Constitución de 1873, a pesar de ser ideal en algunas de sus propuestas, dio protagonismo y efectividad a las instituciones judiciales que se formaron y pusieron en funcionamiento con una nueva concepción de justicia, que sin dejar de lado el derecho natural se consolidaba en una función más positiva, atenta a los derechos individuales y de propiedad. Para comprender el rol que jugó el sistema de justicia en la formación del Estado es necesario desenmarañar la compleja trama de relaciones entre el poder político y los magistrados, y a su vez entre ellos y la sociedad. Pero esto no se puede realizar sin conocer y comprender que entendían por justicia, y definir de qué forma organizaron su administración. En la realización de esta investigación atenderé a las soluciones que el ordenamiento jurídico debía brindar a una determinada sociedad, las instituciones que lo formaron y las ideas de quienes lo gestaron. El uso de la fuente judicial será fundamental para observar si la letra de la ley fue cumplida en la administración de justicia y de qué manera. Pero esa fuente judicial confirmará o no la aplicación de las leyes dictadas por el poder legislativo y los decretos emanados del ejecutivo, por ello será necesario reconstruir los organigramas del Poder Judicial a partir del estudio de los Registros Oficiales y los debates legislativos de la provincia.

Estado, Justicia y Sociedad : la Administración de Justicia en la provincia de Buenos Aires, 1853-1881

Esta ponencia es la presentación del proyecto de tesis, que tiene por objetivo estudiar el proceso de constitución y consolidación del poder judicial, responsable de la administración de justicia, como integrante del Estado provincial, legitimador de su accionar político y mediador con la sociedad civil. La investigación se ubica en la provincia de Buenos Aires, entre 1853 y 1881, que sancionó su propia Constitución en 1854, en la que declaraba en su artículo 118 que el poder judicial sería independiente de todo otro en el ejercicio de sus funciones. Es decir que en esta provincia la consagración de la teoría de los poderes del Estado y la ley como definidora de lo que era justo, requirieron de la organización del poder judicial. El sistema judicial de la provincia de Buenos Aires comenzó su formación como poder del Estado a partir de la reforma rivadaviana y el proceso alcanzó su madurez entre 1853 y 1881, como parte fundamental del proyecto liberal, asentado sobre la autoridad de la ley. El poder judicial garantizaba la legitimidad del sistema político republicano de matriz liberal, pero la dependencia con el poder ejecutivo se mantuvo en parte, representada en el presupuesto, los nombramientos y los jurys. La organización judicial en formación incluyó al ámbito rural con una fisonomía institucional que tendía a consolidar la relación entre Estado y sociedad civil; ésta manifestaba sus necesidades a través de la opinión pública y el poder las interpretaba con el fin de legitimar su acción política. En este proceso de legitimación, el poder judicial era funcional al Estado, lo que se consolidó con el tiempo. La Constitución de 1873, a pesar de ser ideal en algunas de sus propuestas, dio protagonismo y efectividad a las instituciones judiciales que se formaron y pusieron en funcionamiento con una nueva concepción de justicia, que sin dejar de lado el derecho natural se consolidaba en una función más positiva, atenta a los derechos individuales y de propiedad. Para comprender el rol que jugó el sistema de justicia en la formación del Estado es necesario desenmarañar la compleja trama de relaciones entre el poder político y los magistrados, y a su vez entre ellos y la sociedad. Pero esto no se puede realizar sin conocer y comprender que entendían por justicia, y definir de qué forma organizaron su administración. En la realización de esta investigación atenderé a las soluciones que el ordenamiento jurídico debía brindar a una determinada sociedad, las instituciones que lo formaron y las ideas de quienes lo gestaron. El uso de la fuente judicial será fundamental para observar si la letra de la ley fue cumplida en la administración de justicia y de qué manera. Pero esa fuente judicial confirmará o no la aplicación de las leyes dictadas por el poder legislativo y los decretos emanados del ejecutivo, por ello será necesario reconstruir los organigramas del Poder Judicial a partir del estudio de los Registros Oficiales y los debates legislativos de la provincia.

Estado, Justicia y Sociedad : la Administración de Justicia en la provincia de Buenos Aires, 1853-1881

Esta ponencia es la presentación del proyecto de tesis, que tiene por objetivo estudiar el proceso de constitución y consolidación del poder judicial, responsable de la administración de justicia, como integrante del Estado provincial, legitimador de su accionar político y mediador con la sociedad civil. La investigación se ubica en la provincia de Buenos Aires, entre 1853 y 1881, que sancionó su propia Constitución en 1854, en la que declaraba en su artículo 118 que el poder judicial sería independiente de todo otro en el ejercicio de sus funciones. Es decir que en esta provincia la consagración de la teoría de los poderes del Estado y la ley como definidora de lo que era justo, requirieron de la organización del poder judicial. El sistema judicial de la provincia de Buenos Aires comenzó su formación como poder del Estado a partir de la reforma rivadaviana y el proceso alcanzó su madurez entre 1853 y 1881, como parte fundamental del proyecto liberal, asentado sobre la autoridad de la ley. El poder judicial garantizaba la legitimidad del sistema político republicano de matriz liberal, pero la dependencia con el poder ejecutivo se mantuvo en parte, representada en el presupuesto, los nombramientos y los jurys. La organización judicial en formación incluyó al ámbito rural con una fisonomía institucional que tendía a consolidar la relación entre Estado y sociedad civil; ésta manifestaba sus necesidades a través de la opinión pública y el poder las interpretaba con el fin de legitimar su acción política. En este proceso de legitimación, el poder judicial era funcional al Estado, lo que se consolidó con el tiempo. La Constitución de 1873, a pesar de ser ideal en algunas de sus propuestas, dio protagonismo y efectividad a las instituciones judiciales que se formaron y pusieron en funcionamiento con una nueva concepción de justicia, que sin dejar de lado el derecho natural se consolidaba en una función más positiva, atenta a los derechos individuales y de propiedad. Para comprender el rol que jugó el sistema de justicia en la formación del Estado es necesario desenmarañar la compleja trama de relaciones entre el poder político y los magistrados, y a su vez entre ellos y la sociedad. Pero esto no se puede realizar sin conocer y comprender que entendían por justicia, y definir de qué forma organizaron su administración. En la realización de esta investigación atenderé a las soluciones que el ordenamiento jurídico debía brindar a una determinada sociedad, las instituciones que lo formaron y las ideas de quienes lo gestaron. El uso de la fuente judicial será fundamental para observar si la letra de la ley fue cumplida en la administración de justicia y de qué manera. Pero esa fuente judicial confirmará o no la aplicación de las leyes dictadas por el poder legislativo y los decretos emanados del ejecutivo, por ello será necesario reconstruir los organigramas del Poder Judicial a partir del estudio de los Registros Oficiales y los debates legislativos de la provincia.