Relatório Final da Prática Educativa Supervisionada

O presente relatório de estágio foi elaborado no âmbito da unidade curricular de Integração Curricular: Prática Educativa e Relatório de Estágio, integrada no plano de estudos do 2.º ano do Mestrado em Ensino do 1.º e 2.º Ciclo, afigurando-se como um requisito fundamental para a obtenção do grau de mestre. O mesmo espelha o percurso trilhado pela professora estagiária, que atendeu a um quadro teórico-legal e a uma análise criteriosa e cuidada dos contextos educativos onde esteve inserida, permitindo-lhe aprofundar os seus saberes e agir de forma mais informada num contexto educativo de especial complexidade. A metodologia de investigação-ação palmilhou toda a prática pedagógica da formanda, através de uma espiral cíclica de observação, planificação, ação e reflexão, promotoras do desenvolvimento da profissionalidade docente. Não obstante, a supervisão apresentou-se como um momento de excelência de crescimento pessoal e profissional, uma vez que promoveu o desenvolvimento de uma postura reflexiva e autocrítica na professora estagiária, motivada por momentos de reflexão partilhada. Ao longo desta jornada foram cruciais os contributos dados pelo par pedagógico, orientadores cooperantes e supervisores institucionais, com vista ao aperfeiçoamento das práticas e à adoção de estratégias de trabalho inovadoras, assentes no modelo socio construtivista do conhecimento. A escrita deste documento encerra o ciclo de formação inicial, estando a mestranda consciente de que o processo de crescimento se irá prolongar ao longo da sua vida, de modo a desenvolver práticas mais ricas e significativas, promotoras do desenvolvimento integral e integrado dos educandos, preparando-os para a vida em sociedade. Palavras-chave: prática de ensino supervisionada; desenvolvimento profissional; reflexão; trabalho colaborativo.

Director of Public Health Annual Report 2010 and associated core tables 2009

Thissecond annual report of the Director of Public Health highlights the many public health challenges that affect people in Northern Ireland. It demonstrates how the public health team tackles this complex agenda by working with many statutory, community and voluntary partner organisations across health, local government, education, housing and other sectors. It shows a wealth of innovative work to address the main public health challenges facing communities, health inequality, preventing and protecting against ill-health, detecting illness early, and providing high quality services. Integral to thereport are core tables for 2009 which provide key statistical data on population, birth and death rates, mortality by cause, life expectancy, immunisation and screening.

Relação dos Estagiários e seus Orientadores com as TIC: um Estudo Realizado no Ano Letivo 2011/2012 no Departamento de Ciências Sociais e Humanas da Universidade de Cabo Verde

No contexto das atividades de formação de professores ao nível da Universidade Pública de Cabo Verde (Uni-CV), constatamos que existem algumas dificuldades associadas ao funcionamento dos estágios pedagógicos, que consideramos poderem ser superadas com recurso às tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC). Entendemos que o estágio curricular constitui uma das etapas decisivas para os futuros docentes de ensino secundário no país, garantindo-lhes a oportunidade de contato com estratégias de trabalho atuais e inovadoras para esses contextos. Esta comunicação enquadra-se num processo de investigação-ação que pretende dinamizar as metodologias de trabalho com os estagiários e seus orientadores no Departamento de Ciências Sociais e Humanas no campus do Palmarejo da Uni-CV. Para tal, pretende-se recorrer à dinamização de um espaço virtual na Moodle, de forma a superar algumas das dificuldades previamente identificadas. Os dados aqui apresentados resultam de um diagnóstico de necessidades de formação e representam uma breve avaliação das condições existentes para o acompanhamento dos estágios pedagógicos através de um ambiente online, onde se constatou que os estagiários e seus orientadores, além de serem utilizadores e terem bons conhecimentos das TIC, gostariam de poder contar com um espaço virtual que os apoiasse ao longo de todo o estágio.

Psykologinen sopimus: työntekijän näkökulma

Työsopimusta solmittaessa syntyy työntekijänja työnantajan välille, kuin huomaamatta myös psykologinen sopimus. Tutkimuksentavoitteena on selvittää millaisia ovat kohdeyrityksen työntekijöiden psykologiset sopimukset, rikotaanko näitä sopimuksia ja kuinka työntekijät reagoivat mahdollisiin rikkomuksiin. Tutkimuksen kohderyhmänä on seitsemän työntekijää, jotka työskentelevät suuressa teollisuusyrityksessä Suomessa. Tutkimuksessa käytetty tutkimusmenetelmä on kvalitatiivinen. Tutkimuksen empiirinen aineisto koostuu teemahaastatteluista. Haastatteluissa pyrittiin selvittämään työntekijöiden psykologisiin sopimuksiin liittyviä käsityksiä, kokemuksia ja tulkintoja. Aineiston analyysissa tulkinta pohjautuu käsitteellisessä osiossa esitettyihin käsitteisiin ja malleihin. Tutkimustulosten mukaan haastateltavien työntekijöiden psykologiset sopimukset ovat hyvin transaktionaalisia. Psykologisia sopimuksia on myös rikottu. Rikkomuksiin haastateltavat ovat reagoineet keskustelemalla työnantajan kanssa tai olemalla vaiti ja sopeutumalla tilanteeseen. Rikkomukset ovat myös vaikuttaneet negatiivisesti haastateltavien työkäyttäytymiseen.

Reported Job Satisfaction : What Does It Mean?

By reporting his satisfaction with his job or any other experience, an individual does not communicate the number of utils that he feels. Instead, he expresses his posterior preference over available alternatives conditional on acquired knowledge of the past. This new interpretation of reported job satisfaction restores the power of microeconomic theory without denying the essential role of discrepancies between one’s situation and available opportunities. Posterior human wealth discrepancies are found to be the best predictor of reported job satisfaction. Static models of relative utility and other subjective well-being assumptions are all unambiguously rejected by the data, as well as an \"economic\" model in which job satisfaction is a measure of posterior human wealth. The \"posterior choice\" model readily explains why so many people usually report themselves as happy or satisfied, why both younger and older age groups are insensitive to current earning discrepancies, and why the past weighs more heavily than the present and the future.

Sector-Specific Training and Mobility in Germany

This article studies mobility patterns of German workers in light of a model of sector-specific human capital. Furthermore, I employ and describe little-used data on continuous on-the-job training occurring after apprenticeships. Results are presented describing the incidence and duration of continuous training. Continuous training is quite common, despite the high incidence of apprenticeships which precedes this part of a worker's career. Most previous studies have only distinguished between firm-specific and general human capital, usually concluding that training was general. Inconsistent with those conclusions, I show that German men are more likely to find a job within the same sector if they have received continuous training in that sector. These results are similar to those obtained for young U.S. workers, and suggest that sector-specific capital is an important feature of very different labor markets. In addition, they suggest that the observed effect of training on mobility is sensible to the state of the business cycle, indicating a more complex interaction between supply and demand that most theoretical models allow for.

Wage Flexibility and Contract Structure in Germany

In this paper, we look at how labor market conditions at different points during the tenure of individuals with firms are correlated with current earnings. Using data on individuals from the German Socioeconomic Panel for the 1985-1994 period, we find that both the contemporaneous unemployment rate and prior values of the unemployment rate are significantly correlated with current earnings, contrary to results for the American labor market. Estimated elasticities vary between 9 and 15 percent for the elasticity of earnings with respect to current unemployment rates, and between 6 and 10 percent with respect to unemployment rates at the start of current firm tenure. Moreover, whereas local unemployment rates determine levels of earnings, national rates influence contemporaneous variations in earnings. We interpret this result as evidence that German unions do, in fact, bargain over wages and employment, but that models of individualistic contracts, such as the implicit contract model, may explain some of the observed wage drift and longer-term wage movements reasonably well. Furthermore, we explore the heterogeneity of contracts over a variety of worker and job characteristics. In particular, we find evidence that contracts differ across firm size and worker type. Workers of large firms are remarkably more insulated from the job market than workers for any other type of firm, indicating the importance of internal job markets.

Sector-Specific on-the-Job Training: Evidence from U.S. Data.

Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), we re-examine the effect of formal on-the-job training on mobility patterns of young American workers. By employing parametric duration models, we evaluate the economic impact of training on productive time with an employer. Confirming previous studies, we find a positive and statistically significant impact of formal on-the-job training on tenure with the employer providing the training. However, the expected net duration of the time spent in the training program is generally not significantly increased. We proceed to document and analyze intra-sectoral and cross-sectoral mobility patterns in order to infer whether training provides firm-specific, industry-specific, or general human capital. The econometric analysis rejects a sequential model of job separation in favor of a competing risks specification. We find significant evidence for the industry-specificity of training. The probability of sectoral mobility upon job separation decreases with training received in the current industry, whether with the last employer or previous employers, and employment attachment increases with on-the-job training. These results are robust to a number of variations on the base model.

Distortionary Taxation and Labor Supply: Evidence from Canada.

This paper examines empirically the effects of distortionary taxation on labor supply using a general equilibrium framework. The long-term relations predicted by the model are derived and tested using Canadian data between 1966 and 1993. While the cointegrating predictions of the model without taxation are rejected, the ones of the model with labor taxation are not. Persistent labor tax rate increases appear to play an important role in the observed downward trend in hours worked.

Altruism, Intergenerational Transfers of Time and Bequests

This paper uses a standard two-period overlapping generation model to examine the behavior of an economy where both intergenerational transfers of time and bequests are available. While bequests have been examined extensively, time transfers have received little or no attention in the literature. Assuming a log-linear utility function and a Cobb-Douglas production function, we derive an explicit solution for the dynamics and show that altruistic intergenerational time transfers can take place in presence of a binding non-negativity constraint on bequests. We also show that with either type of transfers capital is an increasing function of the intergenerational degree of altruism. However, while with time transfers the labor supply of the young increases with the degree of altruism, with bequests it may decrease

Why Have Aggregate Skilled Hours Become So Cyclical Since the Mid-1980's?

This paper documents and discusses a dramatic change in the cyclical behavior of aggregate hours worked by individuals with a college degree (skilled workers) since the mid-1980’s. Using the CPS outgoing rotation data set for the period 1979:1-2003:4, we find that the volatility of aggregate skilled hours relative to the volatility of GDP has nearly tripled since 1984. In contrast, the cyclical properties of unskilled hours have remained essentially unchanged. We evaluate the extent to which a simple supply/demand model for skilled and unskilled labor with capital-skill complementarity in production can help explain this stylized fact. Within this framework, we identify three effects which would lead to an increase in the relative volatility of skilled hours: (i) a reduction in the degree of capital-skill complementarity, (ii) a reduction in the absolute volatility of GDP (and unskilled hours), and (iii) an increase in the level of capital equipment relative to skilled labor. We provide empirical evidence in support of each of these effects. Our conclusion is that these three mechanisms can jointly explain about sixty percent of the observed increase in the relative volatility of skilled labor. The reduction in the degree of capital-skill complementarity contributes the most to this result.