Synthesis of macrocyclic arylene ketone oligomers containing the phthaloyl moiety by Friedel-crafts acylation reaction

Two kinds of macrocyclic arylene ketone oligomers have been synthesized in high yield from phthaloyl dichloride and various bridge-linking electron-rich aromatic hydrocarbons via the modified Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction. The presence of a Lewis base in this reaction is demonstrated to be advantageous for forming macrocycle oligomers. These resultant oligomers can undergo melt ring-opening polymerization to give polymers with high T. and excellent thermal stability.

Friedel-Crafts Benzoylation of Anisole in Ionic Liquids: Catalysis, Separation, and Recycle Studies

The comparison of three ionic liquid-mediated catalytic processes for the benzoylation of anisole with benzoic anhydride is presented. A detailed understanding of the mechanism by which the zeolite and metal triflate reactions in bis{trifluoromethanesulfonyl}imide-based ionic liquids has been reported previously, and these routes are considered together with an indium chloride-based ionic liquid system. Solvent extraction and vacuum/steam distillation have been assessed as possible workup procedures, and an overall preliminary economic evaluation of each overall process is reported. Although the predominant activity is associated with the in situ formation of a homogeneous acid catalyst, the low cost and facile separation of the zeolite-catalysed process leads to this route being the most economically viable overall option. The results of a continuous flow miniplant based on the zeolite catalyst are also presented and compared with the reaction using a small plug How reactor.

Green photochemistry: photo-Friedel-Crafts acylations of 1,4-naphthoquinone in room temperature ionic liquids

The photo-Friedel-Crafts acylation of 1,4-naphthoquinone with various aldehydes was investigated in a series of room temperature ionic liquids. High conversions and selectivities were achieved in [C(2)mim](+)-based ionic liquids with the highest isolated yields found in [C(2)mim][NTf2]. The developed procedure allowed for a replacement of hazardous solvents such as benzene and acetonitrile which are commonly used for this transformation.

Aplicação de zeólitos hierárquicos a reacções de acilação de Friedel-Crafts

Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Química

Sol-gel routes to supported Friedel-Crafts alkylation catalysts

Aluminosilicate catalysts containing supported ZnCl2 and metal fluoride salts have been prepared using a sol-gel based route, tested and characterized. The activities of these ZnCl2 + metal fluoride catalysts, while greater than "Clayzic" (ZnCI2 supported on montmorillonite KIO) are not as good as supported ZnCl2 only supported on aluminosilicate. Alumina supports have also been prepared via a sol-gel route using various chemical additives to generate a mesoporous structure, loaded with ZnCl2 and tested for activity. The activities for these alumina-supported catalysts are also significantly higher than that of "Clayzic", an effective Friedel-Crafts catalyst. Characterizations of these two types of catalysts were done by magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR, diffuse reflectance infrared (DRIFT) spectroscopy and additionally for the alumina nitrogen adsorption studies were done. Supported aluminum trichloride was also investigated as an alternative to the traditional use of aluminum trichloride.

Liquid-phase Friedel-Crafts acylation using NixMn(l-x)Fe2O4 spinel catalysts

The liquid-phase Friedel-Crafts acylation of toluene using benzoyl chloride as benzoylating agent has heen carried out over Nix, Mn(l-x)Fe2 O4 (x=O, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0) type systems under different reaction conditions. It is observed that the systems with high 'x' values are effective for the conversion of BOC and the selective formation of 4-MBP. Selectivity for 4-MBP over MnFe2O4 is more than 90% under the optimized reaction conditions. Sites of moderate acidity is effective in calalyzing the benzoylation reaction.

Facile fabrication of polyolefin/carbon nanotube composites via in situ friedel-crafts polyalkylation : structure and properties

Despite major advances in addressing the dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in polymers and their interfacial interactions, exploring a facile approach for massively creating them is still fascinating. We interestingly find that the CNT dispersion is considerably improved in polypropylene (PP), and ?19.1 wt % of PP chains were in situ chemically grafted onto CNT surfaces only using a trace of AlCl3 via a one-step melt-blending. Compared with the PP/CNT composite, adding 0.2 wt % of AlCl3 enables an increase in tensile strength and Young's modulus of 30% and 25%, respectively. Moreover, the elongation at break is almost maintained, while adding CNTs alone causes significant decreases. Additionally, 0.2 wt % AlCl3 makes the thermal degradation temperature further improved. These remarkable improvements in properties are mainly attributed to better dispersion of CNTs and enhanced interfacial compatibility. This work opens up an innovative approach for scalable preparation of polyolefin/CNT composites applying to industrial production.

Sintesi enantioselettiva di atropisomeri non-biarilici via organocatalisi: alchilazione di Friedel-Crafts asimmetrica tra indenoni 4-sostituiti e β-naftoli

La reazione di Friedel-Crafts (F-C) rappresenta una delle più importanti e potenti vie per generare un nuovo legame C-C tra un sistema aromatico elettron-ricco e un appropriato elettrofilo. Durante gli ultimi anni l’organocatalisi si è dimostrata essere un’appropriata strategia per realizzare questa importante trasformazione in maniera enantioselettiva. Per quanto riguarda l’amminocatalisi, la reazione di F-C è stata insistentemente studiata su aldeidi α,β-insature utilizzando ammine secondarie chirali, ma ammine primarie basate sulla struttura degli alcaloidi della cincona sono catalizzatori privilegiati per l’attivazione di chetoni. In questa tesi, viene descritto lo sviluppo di un’alchilazione di F-C asimmetrica di appropriati indenoni attraverso la strategia per ione imminio. Opportuni naftoli sono stati utilizzati come nucleofili per ottenere con buone rese e stereocontrollo composti con possibili attività biologiche.

An approach to an intramolecular organocatalysed asymmetric Friedel-Crafts reaction

An intramolecular and asymmetric Friedel-Crafts alkylation of chalcones, exploiting mostly organocatalysts, in order to simultaneously obtain a new chiral center and a chiral axis.

Friedel-Crafts acylations. United processes annual review.

"This is the complete annotated bibliography for the shorter article published in Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, vol. 51, no. 9, September 1959, part II, page 1099."