Team-based working and employee well being:a cross-cultural comparison of United Kingdom and Hong Kong health services

This study examined the impact of team-based working, team structure, and job design on employee well-being (in term of job satisfaction and work stress) in staff working in healthcare organizations in Hong Kong. Cross-cultural differences in the impact of job design, team structure, and employee well-being outcomes between United Kingdom and Hong Kong were also investigated. A group of 197 staff from two Hong Kong hospitals were compared to a sample of 270 UK staff working in National Health Service organizations in the UK. Results showed that team structure and job design were significantly associated with greater employee satisfaction and lower stress for Hong Kong healthcare staff. Culture was also found to moderate the impact of team structure and job design on employee well-being. The findings suggest that although team structure and job design contribute to employee well-being, they have differential impacts across cultures. This provides insights to policy planning on building team-based organizations in the healthcare sector involving multinational collaboration.

Magyarországi „munkavállaló-barát” (employee friendly) szervezetek – Valóság vagy utópia (avagy mit tanulhatunk tőlük?) = The Hungarian employee friendly organizations: reality or Utopia (or what can we learn from them?)

A szerzők feltáró kutatásukban munkavállaló-barát szervezeti megoldásokat kerestek és vizsgáltak multiparadigmikus (Primecz, 2008) megközelítéssel, kritikai és funkcionalista szemszögből. Munkavállalóbarát szervezeti gyakorlatnak tekintették azokat a szervezeti kultúrában gyökerező szervezeti kereteket és gyakorlatokat, amelyek nagymértékben támogatják a munkavállalókat a munka és magánélet egyensúlyának elérésében és megtartásában (Toarniczky et al., 2011). Eredményeik szerint a munkavállaló-barát gyakorlatokat akkor értékelik legjobban a szervezeti tagok, ha a közvetlen vezető és kollégák jól értik a támogatandó munkavállaló helyzetét és rugalmasan fordítják le a hétköznapokra a HR-rendszereket. Ezzel együtt több feszültség keletkezik a szervezetben a munkavállaló-barát gyakorlatokban, amelyekre figyelni lehetne, anélkül, hogy a kialakított gyakorlatokat felszámolnák. _____ The authors in their research investigated employee friendly practices, which they defined as frameworks and practices rooted in organisational culture that gives maximum support for employees trying to reach and keep balance between work and private life (Toarniczky et al., 2011) through multiparadigm research (Primecz, 2008). They conducted exploratory research (interviews, focus groups, document-analysis, and questionnaire) at ten Hungarian-based organizations, and they investigated employee friendly work practices through functionalist and critical lenses. Their results shows that employee friendly practices work well, when the immediate boss and colleagues understand the need of organization al member, who are supported, and HR procedures are translated flexibly. At the same time tension within the organization al subgroups always present, and this should be handled by the organization without cancelling employee friendly practices.

In God we trust: Faith-based development, spiritual transformation, and economic change in southern Andean indigenous communities

In communities throughout the developing world, faith-based organizations (FBOs) focus on goals such as eradicating poverty, bolstering local economies, and fostering community development, while premising their activities and interaction with local communities on theological and religious understandings. Due to their pervasive interaction with participants, the religious ideologies of these FBOs impact the religious, economic, and social realities of communities. This study investigates the relationship between the international FBO, World Vision International (WVI), and changes to religious, economic, and social ideologies and practices in Andean indigenous communities in southern Peruvian. This study aims to contribute to the greater knowledge and understanding of (1) institutionalized development strategies, (2) faith-based development, and (3) how institutionalized development interacts with processes of socio-cultural change. Based on fifteen months of field research, this study involved qualitative and quantitative methods of participant-observation, interviews, surveys, and document analysis. Data were primarily collected from households from a sample of eight communities in the Pitumarca and Combapata districts, department of Canchis, province of Cusco, Peru where two WVI Area Development Programs were operating. Research findings reveal that there is a relationship between WVI’s intervention and some changes to religious, economic, and social structure (values, ideologies, and norms) and practices, demonstrating that structure and practices change when social systems are altered by new social actors. Findings also revealed that the impacts of WVI’s intervention greatly increased over the course of several years, demonstrating that changes in structure and practice occur gradually and need a period of time to take root. Finally, results showed that the impacts of WVI’s intervention were primarily limited to those most closely involved with the organization, revealing that the ability of one social actor to incite changes in the structure and practice of another actor is associated with the intensity of the relationship between the social actors. The findings of this study should be useful in ascertaining deductions and strengthening understandings of how faith-based development organizations impact aspects of religious, economic, and social life in the areas where they work.

The role of neighborhood organizations in the production of gentrifiable urban space: The case of Wynwood, Miami's Puerto Rican barrio

Partnerships between government and community-based actors and organizations are considered the hallmark of contemporary governance arrangements for the revitalization and gentrification of economically distressed, inner city areas. This dissertation uses historical, narrative analysis and ethnographic methods to examine the formation, evolution and operation of community-based governance partnerships in the production of gentrifiable urban space in the Wynwood neighborhood of Miami, FL between 1970 and 2010. This research is based on more than four years of participant observation, 60 in-depth interviews with respondents recruited through a purposive snowball sample, review of secondary and archival sources, and descriptive, statistical and GIS analysis. This study examines how different organizations formed in the neighborhood since the 1970s have facilitated the recent gentrification of Wynwood. It reveals specifically how partnerships between neighborhood-based government agencies, nonprofit organizations and real estate developers were constructed to be exclusionary and lead to inequitable economic development outcomes for Wynwood residents. The key factors conditioning these inequalities include both the rationalities of action of the organizations involved and the historical contexts in which their leaders’ thinking and actions were shaped. The historical contexts included the ethnic politics of organizational funding in the 1970s and the “entrepreneurial” turn of community-based economic development and Miami urban politics since the 1980s. Over time neighborhood organizations adopted highly pragmatic rationalities and repertoires of action. By the 2000s when Wynwood experienced unprecedented investment and redevelopment, the pragmatism of community-based organizations led them to become junior partners in governance arrangements and neighborhood activists were unable to directly challenge the inequitable processes and outcomes of gentrification.

ESEIG Mobile: an m-learning approach in a superior school

In recent years, mobile learning has emerged as an educational approach to decrease the limitation of learning location and adapt the teaching-learning process to all type of students. However, the large number and variety of Web-enabled devices poses challenges for Web content creators who want to automatic get the delivery context and adapt the content to mobile devices. This paper studies several approaches to adapt the learning content to mobile phones. It presents an architecture for deliver uniform m-Learning content to students in a higher School. The system development is organized in two phases: firstly enabling the educational content to mobile devices and then adapting it to all the heterogeneous mobile platforms. With this approach, Web authors will not need to create specialized pages for each kind of device, since the content is automatically transformed to adapt to any mobile device capabilities from WAP to XHTML MP-compliant devices.

Welcoming New Iowans; A Guide for Christians and Churches, 2002

Immigrant and refugee newcomers have an important role in Iowa. These newcomers have revitalized many Iowa communities, workplaces and faith-based institutions. The arrival of immigrants and refugees poses challenges as well as rewards; understanding and addressing these issues is vital to welcoming and accommodating new Iowans and assuring their part in the long-term economic and social health of our state. This handbook represents a unique collaboration between the University of Northern Iowa (UNI) and Ecumenical Ministries of Iowa (EMI). The goal of this collaboration is to create a guidebook for Iowans to learn more about Iowa’s growing immigrant and refugee population and discover ways to welcome these newcomers and accommodate them in our communities and churches. The unique nature of this joint publication between a public university and Christian churches acknowledges that both institutions have a stake in accommodating immigrants in Iowa. UNI and all institutions of higher education need to support population growth to assure future enrollments. Churches and many other community institutions need immigrants and other newcomers to help maintain their viability. Universities and churches also need healthy local economies. Newcomers can provide much needed skills and labor to make this happen. In short, His collaboration recognizes that making immigration in Iowa work has important long-term implications for us all. This book was written and compiled by two university faculty members, but it is not an official university endorsement of Christianity as the only religion practiced and accepted by Iowans, and no university funds were used to print or distribute this handbook. This handbook is written for Iowa’s Christian community and is based on the Biblical mandate to welcome newcomers, but we acknowledge Iowa’s other religious groups and their role in accommodating newcomers as well. We readily acknowledge that other faith-based organizations also welcome newcomers and have a stake in making immigration a positive experience. In order to accommodate the perspectives and needs of these groups, the UNI New Iowans Program is planning to develop similar handbooks for Iowa’s Jewish and Muslim communities. This handbook includes a number of resource lists for individuals, newcomers, churches and others. Of course, as soon as these lists are printed, they may become out-of-date. In order to obtain the most up-to-date information, please visit the UNI New Iowans Web site: www.bcs.uni.edu/idm/newiowans/ The UNI New Iowans website also makes this handbook available in a PDF format.

Strategian toimeenpanokeinot muuttuvissa toimintaympäristöissä

Nykyinen strategia ajattelu perustuu filosofiaan, jossa yrityksen aineeton pääoma muuttuu aineelliseksi tulokseksi organisaatioiden resursseja, kyvykkyyksiä ja osaamista hyödyntämällä. Strategisissa tuloskorteissa oppimisen ja kasvun näkökulma kuvaa, miten ihmiset, teknologia ja organisaatioilmapiiri voivat toimia yhdessä strategian toimeenpanemiseksi. Oppimisen ja kasvun tulosten paraneminen ennakoi parannusta myös sisäisiin prosesseihin, asiakasnäkökulmaan ja taloudelliseen menestykseen. Työn teoriaosuudessa luotiin laaja katsaus eri strategiakoulukuntiin, keskittyen etenkin Mintzbergin konfiguraatio strategiakoulukunnan oppeihin. Tämän pohjalta tehtiin määritys strategia ajattelulle; strategiaprosessille ja strategialle muuttuvissa toimintaympäristöissä. Strategiaprosessin kriittiset alueet, sekä strategialähtöisen organisaation periaatteet huomioon ottaen, tehtiin kirjallisuuskartoitusta strategian toimeenpanokeinoista ja käytännön tutkimus niiden käytön yleisyydestä eri organisaatioissa. Tulosten mukaisesti monet keinot ovat aktiivisessa käytössä, mutta toisaalta on nähtävissä, että erilaiset yrityskulttuurit, organisaatioiden "elämäntilanteet" ja resurssien erilaisuudet tarjoavat erilaiset mahdollisuudet strategian toimeenpanoon ja organisaation osaamisen lisäämiseen. Nopeasti muuttuva toimintaympäristö korostaa joustavaa strategian ja sen toimeenpanon tarvetta. Osaamisen kehittäminen johtaa kasvuun; sen varmistamiseksi on löydettävä omalle organisaatioille sopivat keinot jatkuvaan oppimiseen, muutoskykyisyyden ja sitä kautta kilpailukyvyn saavuttamiseen ja ylläpitämiseen.

Diagnosing and developing knowledge management capability –Knowledge management capability in UPM-Kymmene Wood Oy

The purpose of this case study is to clarify how KM (knowledge management) capability is constructed through six different activities and to explore how this capability can be diagnosed and developed in the three case organizations. The study examines the knowledge management capability of the three factories in UPM-Kymmene Wood Oy, a major Finnish plywood producer. Forest industry is usually considered to be quite hierarchical. The importance of leveraging employee skills and knowledge has been recognized in all types of organizations – including those that mainly deal with tangible resources. However, the largest part of empirical knowledge management literature examines KM in so called knowledge-intensive or knowledge-based organizations. This study extends existing literature by providing an in depth case study into assessment and development of KM activities in these three organizations with little awareness of the KM discourse. This subject is analyzed through literature review, theoretical analysis and empirical research in the case organizations. The study also presents a structured method for evaluating KM activities of a company and for diagnosing the main weaknesses that should be developed in order to achieve KM excellence. The results help in understanding how knowledge management capability is constructed and provide insight into developing and exploiting it within an organization.

Suorituskyvyn mittaaminen pk-sektorin asiantuntijayrityksessä

Suorituskyvyn mittaaminen huolellisesti suoritettuna tuo yritykselle monia hyötyjä. Mittariston avulla yritys pystyy kohdistamaan liiketoimintaansa palvelemaan paremmin strategisia tavoitteita. Työssä käsitellään suorituskyvyn mittaamista pk-sektorin asiantuntijayrityksen näkökulmasta. Suorituskyvyn mittaaminen on ollut perinteisesti aikaisemmin huomattavasti suositumpaa lähinnä tuotanto- ja palveluyrityksissä. Työssä oli tavoitteena suunnitella pk-sektorin asiantuntijayrityksen käyttöön soveltuva suorituskykymittaristo. Pk-sektorin yrityksissä suorituskyvyn mittaaminen ei ole vielä saavuttanut suurta suosiota. Tämä johtuu osaltaan pk-yritysten vähäisistä käytettävissä olevista resursseista. Tästä johtuen myös mittariston suunnitteluprosessi on yrityksille haastavampi. Asiantuntijayritysten ominaispiirteet tuovat myös omanlaiset haasteet suorituskyvyn mittaamiseen. Asiantuntijayritysten tärkein resurssi on usein henkilöstön tietotaito ja sen takia suorituskykymittaristoissa korostuu usein juuri aineettomien tekijöiden mittaaminen. Oikein suoritettu suorituskykymittariston suunnittelu vaatii huolellista paneutumista mittariston suunnitteluprosessin eri vaiheisiin. Mittaristo tulee johtaa oikein määritetyistä yrityksen visiosta ja strategioista. Tärkeää on myös yrityksen henkilöstön sitouttaminen mittariston suunnitteluun. Suunnittelu vaatii täsmällisyyttä ja johdonmukaisuutta, joka saavutetaan noudattamalla jotakin tiettyä suunnitteluprosessin vaiheet sisältävää prosessimallia. Pk-sektorin asiantuntijayrityksissä suunnittelu vaatii erityisesti tarkkuutta mittariston näkökulmien ja mittareiden valitsemisessa. On mietittävä miten pk-yrityksen vähäiset resurssit saadaan riittämään mittaamaan hankalia ja resursseja vieviä aineettomia tekijöitä, jotka ovat yleensä kuitenkin asiantuntijayrityksissä usein erittäin tärkeässä asemassa.

Youth Involvement in Organizational Decision Making: The Connection to Youth Initiative and Organizational Functioning

Studying positive adolescent development requires an examination of the mutually beneficial associations between youth and their environment. These youthcontext relations include both the contributions that youth make to others and society and the youth-context interactions that might predict positive youth outcomes. Community and youth-serving organizations, where youth may be involved in decision-making roles such as service delivery, advocacy, or on boards of directors, can provide one important context for youth contributions and for positive adolescent development. Research on the outcomes of youth involvement in organizational decision-making, however, is limited, and largely consists of exploratory qualitative studies. This dissertation is formatted as an integrated article dissertation. It begins with a review of the literature on contexts of structured youth activities and positive youth development. This review is intended to describe theory on development-context relations, in which development is considered an interactive process that occurs between individuals and their contexts, as it pertains the positive development of youth who are involved in various structured activities (e.g., volunteering). This description follows with a review of current research, and conclusions and rationale for the current studies. Following this theoretical and research background, the dissertation includes reports of two studies that were designed to address gaps in the research on youth involvement in organizational decision-making. The first was a qualitative research synthesis to elucidate and summarize the extant qualitative research on the outcomes of youth involvement in organizational decision making on adults and organizations. Results of this study suggested a number of outcomes for service provision, staff, and broader organizational functioning, including both benefits to organizations as well as some costs. The second study was a quantitative analysis of the associations among youth involvement, organizations' learning culture, and youth initiative, and relied on survey data gathered from adults and youth in community-based organizations with youth involvement. As expected, greater youth involvement in organizational decision making was associated with higher learning culture within the organization. Two dimensions of youth involvement, greater program engagement and relationships with adults, were related to greater youth initiative. A third dimension, sense of ownership, was not- .-.- associated with youth's level of initiative. Moreover, the association between relationships with adults and youth initiative was only significant in organizations with relatively low learning culture. Despite some limitations, these studies contribute to the research literature by providing some indication of the potential benefits and costs of youth involvement and by making an important contribution toward the early stages of context-level analyses of youth development. Findings have important implications for practitioners, funders, future research, and lifespan development theory.

Conceptualizing Institutional Capacity Building Through a Learning Process Set in Motion by a Foundation

Employing critical pedagogy and transformative theory as a theoretical framework, I examined a learning process associated with building capacity in community-based organizations (CBOs) through an investigation of the Institutional Capacity Building Program (ICBP) initiated by a Foundation. The study sought to: (a) examine the importance of institutional capacity building for individual and community development; (b) investigate elements of a process associated with a program and characteristics of a learning process for building capacity in CBOs; and (c) analyze the Foundation’s approach to synthesizing, systematizing, and sharing learning. The study used a narrative research design that included 3 one-on-one, hour-long interviews with 2 women having unique vantage points in ICBP: one is a program facilitator working at the Foundation and the other runs a CBO supported by the Foundation. The interviews’ semistructured questions allowed interviewees to share stories regarding their experience with the learning process of ICB and enabled themes to emerge from their day-to-day experience. Through the analysis of this learning process for institutional capacity building, a few lessons can be drawn from the experience of the Foundation.

L'activation des mères seules prestataires d'aide sociale : quels effets sur leur santé et leur bien-être?

Cette recherche porte sur l’impact de la politique d’activation des prestataires d’aide sociale sur la santé et le bien-être des mères seules. Au Québec, un prestataire d’aide sociale dont le plus jeune enfant est âgé de moins de cinq ans est considéré comme ayant des contraintes temporaires à l’emploi. À la première rentrée scolaire de cet enfant, ce même prestataire est considéré apte à l’emploi, car Emploi-Québec juge qu’il s’agit du moment le plus opportun pour un retour au travail. Dans le cadre de cette recherche, nous avons analysé ce que ce moment de transition représentait pour les mères seules en termes de nouvelles relations au marché du travail et de tensions éventuelles associées à ces relations. Nous avons rencontré 13 mères seules prestataires de l’aide sociale en entrevues. Les données obtenues nous ont aidée à remplir les objectifs de cette recherche, qui étaient de 1) reconstruire les trajectoires d’insertion sur le marché du travail des mères seules rencontrées en mettant l’accent sur le moment de la transition et de 2) saisir les processus par lesquels les trajectoires d’insertion ont un impact sur la santé et le bien-être de cette population. Nous avons d’abord trouvé que la « relation à l’aide sociale » avait des effets négatifs sur la santé et le bien-être de nos répondantes, et ce, en raison essentiellement des normes de l’aide sociale à l’origine des bas niveaux de prestations. En ce qui concerne les effets du processus d’activation en lui-même sur la santé et le bien-être des mères seules, nous avons observé que la participation à des mesures d’activation dans des organismes communautaires en employabilité avait des effets positifs surtout sur le bien-être des mères seules. Toutefois, le processus d’activation est également apparu comme ayant un impact négatif sur la santé et le bien-être des mères seules rencontrées en raison des tensions qui existent entre les exigences d’Emploi-Québec liées à la participation aux mesures actives et au manque de ressources disponibles pour les mères seules participant à ces mesures.

Everyday Ethics: Framing youth participation in organizational practice

Much of the literature on ethical issues in child and youth participation has drawn on the episodic experiences of participatory research efforts in which young people’s input has been sought, transcribed and represented. This literature focuses in particular on the power dynamics and ethical dilemmas embedded in time-bound adult/child and outsider/insider relationships. While we agree that these issues are crucial and in need of further examination, it is equally important to examine the ethical issues embedded within the “everyday” practices of the organizations in and through which young people’s participation in community research and development often occurs (e.g., community-based organizations, schools and municipal agencies). Drawing on experience from three summers of work in promoting youth participation in adult-led organizations of varying purpose, scale and structure, a framework is postulated that presents participation as a spatial practice shaped by five overlapping dimensions. The framework is offered as a point of discussion and a potential tool for analysis in ecipation in relation to organizational practice.

Experiences of participants in the field of food insecurity through the lens of Bourdieu's cultural capital : practical and theoretical explorations

Ce mémoire utilise des données qualitatives provenant d’entretiens semi-structurés pour examiner les ressources qu’utilisent les individus qui font face à l’insécurité alimentaire sous l’angle du capital culturel de Pierre Bourdieu. Les participants étaient choisis parmi les usagers des organismes alternatifs qui œuvrent en sécurité alimentaire à Montréal. Tous étaient en situation d’insécurité alimentaire. Des analyses inductives et déductives étaient exécutées. Seize indicateurs de la forme du capital culturel incorporée, et trois indicateurs de chacune des formes institutionnalisées et objectivées ont été trouvés à être reliés aux stratégies qu’utilisaient les répondants pour améliorer leur situation alimentaire. Cette recherche nous indique que le capital culturel individuel joue un rôle dans les stratégies utilisées, incluant la participation dans les organismes communautaires. De plus, un manque de capital approprié peut servir comme barrière à la participation dans certaines stratégies ce qui pourra avancer des réflexions sur la justesse et l’efficacité des stratégies actuelles.

The role of NGO in informal seed production and dissemination: The case of eastern Ethiopia

Seed is the basic input to crop production. Farmer-based seed production as an alternative agricultural technology transfer is increasingly given especial attention in developing countries where food insecurity is critical. This paper aims to assess the seed production and dissemination strategy among smallholder farmers in eastern Ethiopia that has been introduced by Hararghe Catholic Secretariat (a Non-GovernmentalOrganization). A survey of 160 households in four administrative districts and focus group discussions were used to collect data. While narratives helped understand the process, logistic regressionwas used to identify determinants of land allocation to seed production. Results indicate the crucial role of informal networks and social capital as facilitators of access to production inputs, information and knowledge. The informal seed supply system initiated by the NGO has a huge potential to benefit smallholder farmers by improving their access to higher-yielding varieties of various crops, thereby contributing to an increase in their wellbeing. However, the traditional practice of seed exchange, influenced by social relations, will remain uneconomical to seed producers. Thus, the paper suggests that this potential can be further exploited if some preconditions such as establishment of seed banks, investment in human capital, removal of the underlying constraints and creation of reliable seed markets are given emphasis.