Cooperative learning and its influences on the diminishing of the digital divide

Digital divide is an issue that concerns our technology dominated society. The parents of ubiquitous computing dreamt of a total proliferation of information technology. But the reality we live in is not yet prepared for this future. There is current a need to develop programs in order to diminish this difference between the digitally included and the excluded one. PROEJA-Transiarte is a project ran by Universidade de Brasília in the city of Ceilândia, Federal District of Brazil. It proposes a different approach on the issue of digital divide, by introducing the cooperative creation of cyberart, based on the life stories of each participant, into the regular curriculum of EJA (Educação de Jovens e Adultos) classes, thus implementing the concept of solidary education. This research project investigated the role played by the cooperative learning the students put in practice during the workshops of the project in the diminishing of the digital exclusion a great part of the students feel. It looked into their activities, analyzing the development of their cooperation, putting it next in the context of the digital and social inclusion. After a multi-dimensional research on the theme, in the context of PROEJA-Transiarte, the conclusion shows the impact cooperative learning has in the reduction of the digital divide, analyzing the perception of the currently involved students, the researchers active in the project, or the former students that had their lives improved because of the workshops they participated in.

Internet, governo e cidadania

O trabalho apresenta algumas reflexões sobre a utilização da Internet para ações do governo brasileiro, nas áreas de comunicação e prestação de serviços, e o exercício da cidadania. Trata-se de questão complexa, pois envolve tanto aspectos físicos quanto sociais. O "apartheid digital" alerta para a diferenciação entre os cidadãos brasileiros no acesso aos serviços e informações. São apresentadas observações sobre o processo de construção de sítios por parte das organizações públicas. Destaca a necessidade de se desenvolver um modelo mais cooperativo e menos corporativo que facilite a recuperação de informações. Finalmente, o trabalho tece algumas considerações sobre a responsabilidade de o governo evitar que a nova era agrave os desequilíbrios atualmente existentes na sociedade brasileira e garantir a todos igual oportunidade de acesso aos recursos de informação.

From legal commons to social commons: Brazil and the cultural industry in the 21st century

This article describes some of the current transformations regarding the processes by which information and culture are generated, from the point of view of developing countries. In this brief analysis, the article discusses the role of projects such as Creative Commons for developing countries. It also discusses the idea of legal commons and social commons. While the idea of legal commons can be understood as the voluntary use of licenses such as Creative Commons in order to create a “commons”, the idea of social commons has to do with the tensions between legality and illegality in developing countries. These tensions appear prominently in the so-called global “peripheries”, and in many instances make the legal structure of intellectual property irrelevant, unfamiliar, or unenforceable, for various reasons. With the emergence of digital technology and the Internet, in many places and regions in developing countries (especially in the “peripheries”), technology ended up arriving earlier than the idea of intellectual property. Such a de facto situation propitiated the emergence of cultural industries that were not driven by intellectual property incentives. In these cultural businesses, the idea of “sharing” and of free dissemination of the content is intrinsic to the social circumstances taking place in these peripheries. Also, the appropriation of technology on the part of the “peripheries” ends up promoting autonomous forms of bridging the digital divide, such as the “LAN house” phenomenon discussed below. This paper proposes that many lessons can be learned from the business models emerging from social commons practices in developing countries. The tension between legality and illegality in “peripheral” areas in developing countries is not new. The work of Boaventura de Sousa Santos and others in the 1970s was paradigmatic for the discussion of legal pluralism regarding the occupation of land in Brazil. This paper aims to follow in that same pioneer tradition of studies about legal pluralism, and to apply those principles to the discussion of “intellectual property” rather than the ownership of land.

A educação à distância e suas implicações no ensino superior

This research was as principal interest to verify the motives the prominence of crescent outstanding of distance education in brazilian higher education. To make real the study were used the bibliographical and field researches. The bibliographical informations permitted to conclude that the total success of distance education in Brazil strikes against two obstacles: the digital exclusion and illiteracy. These, in turn, have created another problem called today digital illiteracy. Although there are those limitations, by the data about distance education in the country, it is patent that this modality of education is gaining more and more space in brazilian educational process. It has to detach that the greatest concentration of distance courses accredited in Brazil occurs in higher education. Today, distance courses at this level in the country are authorized in sequential, graduation, specialization, master and doctorate areas. The field research led to confirm practically all suppositions about the increase of distance education in higher education, proposed in anticipation. The flexibility that makes possible the transmission of knowledge at any place and time and the new technologies, chiefly the Internet, were the factors that more impelled the increase of distance education in brazilian higher teaching. Meanwhile, the quality improving of the courses was the less significative in respect to the growth of distance education it the higher level in Brazil. But, this fact does not signify that the distance higher courses have not quality. On the contrary, the courses are ministered by professionals of confirmed competence. What can still legitimize the presence of quality in distance higher teaching is its exponential growth in the country. Moreover, the importance attributed to the pedagogical project well planned in distance higher courses demonstrates the interest by excellence in the distance learning. Certainly, when a pedagogical project is well delineated, at any level of distance teaching, the trend of quality is perfect itself.

O estabelecimento virtual na sociedade técnica: a necessária busca de segurança jurídica nas transações comerciais

Pós-graduação em Direito - FCHS

INTERNET COMO PLATAFORMA PARA LIVRE CIRCULAÇÃO DE INFORMAÇÃO DE RELEVÂNCIA SOCIAL E NOVAS POSSIBILIDADES DE COMUNICAÇÃO

O estudo aponta como a internet ampliou as possibilidades de comunicação dos cidadãos de uma forma que não era possível no período do controle e concentração dos meios broadcasting sobre a informação social, assim, oferecendo espaço para a livre circulação de informação e novas possibilidades de comunicação. Entretanto, ressalta que ainda há assimetrias tanto do ponto de vista do acesso quanto do uso da rede em todas as suas potencialidades. Verifica que o atual momento ainda é de disputas em relação à legislação que diz respeito aos direitos e deveres dos que utilizam a rede. O trabalho foi realizado por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, tendo com base autores que pesquisam sobre as áreas da Comunicação, Tecnologias Digitais, Direito à Informação Social Livre e Legislação de internet, como Cicília Peruzzo, Manuel Castells, Rousiley Maia, Sérgio Amadeu da Silveira, Tim Wu, Tim Berners-Lee, Walter Lima Junior, Wilson Gomes e Yochai Benkler. O resultado da pesquisa demonstra que no cenário brasileiro, as desigualdades socioeconômicas são fator de desigualdade tanto em relação ao acesso quanto aos usos da internet, sendo dificultador para quem desejar se apropriar com liberdade deste desenvolvimento tecnológico. Portanto, cabe ao setor público interferir com vistas à diminuição das assimetrias informativas para garantir o direito de comunicação dos brasileiros no espaço de comunicação digital conectada.

INCLUSÃO DIGITAL E EXCLUSÃO SOCIAL: A RELAÇÃO CENTRO-PERIFERIA NUM MUNDO CONECTADO

À medida que as novas tecnologias da informação e comunicação passam a fazer parte da vida cotidiana da sociedade, a ciência geográfica se percebe responsável por analisar também o ciberespaço do ponto de vista da Geografia. A internet tem um papel fundamental nesta análise, por ser a face mais popular do ciberespaço, e por possuir clara influência sobre a sociedade e suas dinâmicas, através da sua fluidez e de sua nova noção de fronteiras. O presente artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma reflexão crítica sobre as novas tecnologias da comunicação (notadamente a internet) e seu papel na criação de novas dinâmicas sócio-espaciais, pelo viés da inclusão digital e da exclusão social, a partir da revisão teórica de termos e conceitos geográficos.

Perspectivas sobre info-exclusão no ciberespaço lusófono

Os países de língua oficial portuguesa revelam, no seu conjunto, uma heterogeneidade económica, social, educativa e geográfica que afecta o modo como se efectiva o acesso à internet e à escolarização nestes países. Nesta comunicação, pretende-se reflectir sobre duas questões centrais que se colocam quando se discute o conceito de infoexclusão. Por um lado, questiona-se se estarão criadas as condições culturais, infraestruturais e sociais que permitam o acesso e a utilização informada dos serviços de internet nestes países; por outro lado, interroga-se sobre a existência, nos países da Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa (CPLP), de condições materiais e culturais que lhes permita desfrutar das potencialidades do mundo digital. Pretende-se apresentar, neste trabalho, alguns dados relativos aos índices de desenvolvimento humano nestes países, aos níveis de escolaridade e de literacia, reflectindo sobre os mesmos, apresentando também os dados disponíveis respeitantes ao número de utilizadores e subscritores dos serviços de internet. Os dados analisados indicam que existem grandes assimetrias no que diz respeito ao nível de desenvolvimento humano nestes países. Observam-se profundas desigualdades ligadas à pobreza e à educação, que contribuem de modo significativo para a presença de baixos níveis de desenvolvimento humano em alguns países da CPLP.

Uso de bibliotecas digitais versus tradicionais em contexto de info-exclusão

O acesso a recursos bibliográficos nos países mais pobres é um grande desafio e as bibliotecas digitais afiguram-se como sendo uma alternativa, com o falhanço dos mecanismos tradicionais de distribuição, não obstante os constrangimentos eventualmente existentes no acesso a recursos das TIC. Este artigo apresenta um estudo comparativo entre a utilização de uma biblioteca digital e uma tradicional, num país de difícil acesso a materiais bibliográficos e recursos das TIC. Além de procurar compreender como são utilizadas as bibliotecas digital e tradicional nesse contexto, analisa igualmente em que medida a biblioteca digital poderá contribuir para aumentar o acesso a recursos bibliográficos que existem na biblioteca tradicional, por parte de um público-alvo local que tem acesso às duas bibliotecas.

Construção de Bibliotecas Digitais em Contextos de info-exclusão: O caso da Universidade Jean Piaget de Cabo Verde

Com a falha dos mecanismos tradicionais de distribuição de recursos bibliográficos em países em desenvolvimento, as bibliotecas digitais apresentam-se como alternativa, não obstante os problemas da info-exclusão. Este artigo apresenta os desafios de construção de uma biblioteca digital (BD) num país em desenvolvimento. O caso de Cabo Verde é analisado em termos de utilização de bibliotecas digitais e suas potencialidades de combater as dificuldades de acesso a recursos bibliográficos no país. Este artigo apresenta igualmente um projecto em desenvolvimento, de construção de uma biblioteca digital na Universidade Jean Piaget de Cabo Verde.

RoboEduc: especificação de um software educacional para ensino da robótica às crianças como uma ferramenta de inclusão digital

Because of social exclusion in Brazil and having as focus the digital inclusion, was started in Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte a project that could talk, at the same time, about concepts of collaborative learning and educational robotics , focused on children digitally excluded. In this context was created a methodology that approaches many subjects as technological elements (e. g. informatics and robotics) and school subjects (e. g. Portuguese, Mathematics, Geography, History), contextualized in everyday situations. We observed educational concepts of collaborative learning and the development of capacities from those students, as group work, logical knowledge and learning ability. This paper proposes an educational software for robotics teaching called RoboEduc, created to be used by children digitally excluded from primary school. Its introduction prioritizes a friendly interface, that makes the concepts of robotics and programming easy and fun to be taught. With this new tool, users without informatics or robotics previous knowledge are able to control a robot, previously set with Lego kits, or even program it to carry some activities out. This paper provides the implementation of the second version of the software. This version presents the control of the robot already used. After were implemented the different levels of programming linked to the many learning levels of the users and their different interfaces and functions. Nowadays, has been implemented the third version, with the improvement of each one of the mentioned stages. In order to validate, prove and test the efficience of the developed methodology to the RoboEduc, were made experiments, through practice of robotics, with children for fourth and fifth grades of primary school at the City School Professor Ascendino de Almeida, in the suburb of Natal (west zone), Rio Grande do Norte. As a preliminary result of the current technology, we verified that the use of robots associated with a well elaborated software can be spread to users that know very little about the subject, without the necessity of previous advanced technology knowledges. Therefore, they showed to be accessible and efficient tools in the process of digital inclusion

Transition From Glass To Digital Slide Microscopy In The Teaching Of Oral Pathology In A Brazilian Dental School.

Several medical and dental schools have described their experience in the transition from conventional to digital microscopy in the teaching of general pathology and histology disciplines; however, this transitional process has scarcely been reported in the teaching of oral pathology. Therefore, the objective of the current study is to report the transition from conventional glass slide to virtual microscopy in oral pathology teaching, a unique experience in Latin America. An Aperio ScanScope® scanner was used to digitalize histological slides used in practical lectures of oral pathology. The challenges and benefits observed by the group of Professors from the Piracicaba Dental School (Brazil) are described and a questionnaire to evaluate the students' compliance to this new methodology was applied. An improvement in the classes was described by the Professors who mainly dealt with questions related to pathological changes instead of technical problems; also, a higher interaction with the students was described. The simplicity of the software used and the high quality of the virtual slides, requiring a smaller time to identify microscopic structures, were considered important for a better teaching process. Virtual microscopy used to teach oral pathology represents a useful educational methodology, with an excellent compliance of the dental students.

Avaliação de técnicas de classificação digital de imagens landsat em diferentes padrões de cobertura da terra em Rondônia

Remotely sensed imagery has been widely used for land use/cover classification thanks to the periodic data acquisition and the widespread use of digital image processing systems offering a wide range of classification algorithms. The aim of this work was to evaluate some of the most commonly used supervised and unsupervised classification algorithms under different landscape patterns found in Rondônia, including (1) areas of mid-size farms, (2) fish-bone settlements and (3) a gradient of forest and Cerrado (Brazilian savannah). Comparison with a reference map based on the kappa statistics resulted in good to superior indicators (best results - K-means: k=0.68; k=0.77; k=0.64 and MaxVer: k=0.71; k=0.89; k=0.70 respectively for three areas mentioned). Results show that choosing a specific algorithm requires to take into account both its capacity to discriminate among various spectral signatures under different landscape patterns as well as a cost/benefit analysis considering the different steps performed by the operator performing a land cover/use map. it is suggested that a more systematic assessment of several options of implementation of a specific project is needed prior to beginning a land use/cover mapping job.