94 resultados para Curriculums
Thinking about Australia and its location in the modern world in the Australian Curriculum : history
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The first national history curriculum is being implemented in Australia from 2013. As with the curriculums of other nations, this curriculum has evolved in response to a range of factors and its merits continue to be debated. In critiquing the sort of history education approach encapsulated in the new curriculum, I discuss some of the contextual factors and debates that have shaped the Australian Curriculum: History v0.3 (ACARA, 2012). In doing so, I also explore some of the recent international literature on how students think and learn about history in the classroom. In the third and final part of the paper, I raise some logistical issues and also question how students might engage with the notion of Australia as a nation in the modern world rapidly reshaped by the transformations occurring in Asia and share some concerns about the curriculum’s ‘world history approach’ for Year 10.
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The Australian Curriculum: English 5.2 states, across all year level descriptions, that “students engage with a variety of texts for enjoyment”, with the level types of texts and levels of understanding developing over time (ACARA, 2014a). Problems arise when students are unable or unwilling to enjoy texts, and are reluctant to read, view, interpret, and evaluate written texts. This in turn impedes their ability to perform these texts for assessment purposes. The literacy abilities of students can vary widely within a single classroom, and it is a challenge for teachers to source and present texts which are accessible across the spectrum of reading abilities, as well as reflecting themes that are relevant and engaging for students, in addition to being consistent with the General Capabilities and Cross-Curriculum Priorities of the AC:E. In senior English also, the mainstream Qld Senior Syllabus (QSA, 2010, p. 6) requires that students have learning experiences developed through 15-20 literary texts, including the in-depth study of a complete novel. In the leisure context of English Communications, students may also “write stories, poems, or song lyrics” (QSA, 2004, p. 14). Since students’ responses to literature often take the form of other imaginative text creation we address this in this paper. We start by offering synopses of some accessible texts and strategies for teachers with these students who are unwilling or low literacy readers in junior secondary and senior level English. This paper canvases some easily read novels and some films with companion text suggestions which may serve as models for students responses. For the junior secondary texts, we identify how these align with the architecture of the Australian Curriculum’s General Capabilities and Cross Curriculum Priorities. Then, we will outline some suitable imaginative responses as possible assessment outcomes, such as short stories and digital stories.
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Currently a range of national policy settings are reshaping schooling and teacher education in Australia. This paper presents some of the findings from a small qualitative pilot study conducted with a group of final year pre-service teachers studying a secondary social science curriculum method unit in an Australian university. One of the study’s research objectives aimed at identifying how students reflected on their capacity to navigate curriculum change and, more specifically, on teaching about Australia and Asia in the forthcoming implementation of the first national history curriculum. The unit was designed and taught by the researcher on the assumption that beginning social science teachers need to be empowered to deal with the curriculum change they’ll encounter throughout their careers. The pilot study’s methodology was informed by a constructivist approach to grounded theory and its scope was limited to one semester with volunteer students. Of the pre-service teacher reflections on their preparedness to teach, this paper reports on the content, pedagogy and learning they experienced in one segment of the unit with specific reference to the new history curriculum’s ‘Australia in a world history’ approach and the development of Asia literacy. The findings indicate that whilst pre-service teachers valued the opportunity to engage with learning experiences which enhanced their intercultural understanding and extended their pedagogical and content knowledge on campus, the nature of the final practicum in schools was also influential in shaping their preparedness to enter the profession.
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The National Curriculum is a current innovation in Australian schooling history which is likely to have a widespread and long-term impact on schools, teachers and students. This paper has investigated educational change during the early phase of curriculum implementation in a large secondary school, north of Brisbane, Australia. Specifically, this study explored teachers’ perceptions of the principal’s transformational leadership skills during an early stage of the curriculum’s implementation along with teachers’ perceptions of implementing a National Curriculum in their classroom. For this research, sixty-nine teachers were surveyed about their perceptions of their principal’s leadership and their perceptions of the difficulty of implementation of the new curriculum. Findings indicated that teachers with positive perceptions of their principal's leadership also had positive perceptions of their capacity to implement the new National Curriculum. Specifically, teachers who perceived the principal as holding high expectations and providing intellectual stimulation believed they had the capacity to successfully implement curriculum change.
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This chapter analyses recent policy reforms in the national history curriculum in both Australia and the Russian Federation. It analyses those emphases in the national curriculum in history that depict new representations and historiography and the ways in which this is foregrounded in History school textbooks. In doing so, it considers the debates about what version of the nation’s past are deemed significant, and what should be transmitted to future generations of citizens. In this discussion of national history curricula, consideration is made of the curriculum’s officially defined status as an instrument in the process of ideological transformation, and nation-building. The chapter also examines how history textbooks are implicit in this process, in terms of reproducing and representing what content is selected and emphasised in a national history curriculum.
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"The Latin meaning of the word “curriculum” as the race course for athletic sports is a good place to start to describe the use of this word in science education. It conjures up senses of contest and of challenge that have been part of the science curriculum since its earliest beginnings in schooling. Curriculum also had a Latin meaning associating it with the “deeds and events for developing a child to an adult” that also finds resonance in how the teaching and learning of science has in some places and some occasions been conceived. It is this sense of the prescription of an intended curriculum – what is to be taught and learnt in science – that this entry discusses the science curriculum’s movement over time. Others in education, and indeed in science education, use the word “curriculum” much more widely to include the pedagogies in classroom practice, the many other explicit and implicit experiences that ..."--Publisher website
Resumo:
Industry-school partnerships (ISPs) are increasingly being recognised as a new way of providing vocational education opportunities. However, there is limited research investigating their impact on systemic (organisational and structural) and human resource (teachers and education managers) capacity to support school to work transitions. This paper reports on a government led ISP, established by the Queensland state government. ISPs across three industry sectors: minerals and energy; building and construction; and aviation are included in this study. This research adopted a qualitative case study methodology and draws upon boundary crossing theory to understand the dynamics of how each industry sector responded to systemic and human resource issues that emerged in each ISP. The main finding being that the systematic application of boundary crossing mechanisms by all partners pro-duced mutually beneficial outcomes. ISPs from the three sectors adopted different models, leveraged different boundary crossing objects but all maintained the joint vision and mutually agreed outcomes. All three ISPs genuinely crossed boundaries, albeit in different ways, and assisted teachers to co-pro-duce industry-based curriculums, share sector specific knowledge and skills that help enhance the school to work transition for school graduates.
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Structuring of the Curriculum Design: Content and Pedagogy Constructing the Whole The object of this qualitative study is to structure curriculum design by drawing from the characteristics of subject content and pedagogy. The aim is to first outline the forms of content and pedagogy within the National Core Curriculum for Basic Education. By analysing these forms I then aim to construct a general view of the curriculum’s structure and its developmental potential as it relates to both current and future pedagogical and intellectual interests. The written curriculum is examined as part of the educational guidance system, which means that it is an administrative and juridical document that governs teacher action and has a pedagogical and intellectual character. Didactical schools, curriculum ideologies and curriculum-determinants are all discussed as means of approaching the curriculum model. Curriculum content itself is defined by the different forms and conceptions of knowledge. The representation of curriculum content can be defined to be either specific or integrated. Curriculum pedagogy is in turn defined on the basis of the prevailing conception of learning and teaching. The pedagogy within the curriculum can be open or closed depending on the extent of pedagogical freedom allowed. An examination of the pedagogical dimension also covers the subject of the interfaces between formal education and informal learning, which must be taken into consideration when developing school pedagogy and therefore also in the curriculum. The data of the study consists of two curriculum documents: The Finnish National Core Curriculum for Basic Education issued in 1994 and the present National core curriculum for basic education issued in 2004. The primary method used in the study is theory-based content analysis. On the one hand the aim of the analysis is to determine if the structure, i.e., model, of the curricula is built from unconnected, self-contained elements, or whether the separate parts make a coherent whole. On the other hand, the aim is also to examine the pedagogical features the two curricula contain. The basis of the study is not the systematic comparison of the curriculum documents, yet an analysis of two very distinct documents must also be based on an examination of their inherent differences. The results of the study show that the content in the analysed documents is not integrated. The boundaries between divisions are clearly defined and the curricula are subject-oriented and based on theoretical propositional knowledge. The pedagogy is mainly closed and based on strong guidance of content, structured student evaluation and measurable learning experiences. However, curriculum documents do have representations of integrated content: the themes covered early on in the core curriculum guidelines of 1994 permeate systematically the different divisions of the curriculum. The core curriculum guidelines of 2004 in turn reveal skills which create connections between subjects. The guidelines’ utilise out-of-school environments and accommodate learner experiences, and focus on flexible studying and emphasize individual learner needs. These characteristics reveal an open form of pedagogy. In light of these results, it is possible to reach an understanding of the content and pedagogical development possibilities of the curriculum. The essential viewpoints are then the setting of thematically-oriented aims as a basis for content development, the curriculum’s pedagogical structuring on the basis of the learning process and the enhancement of connections between curricular content and pedagogy in a purposeful way. Keywords: curriculum, curriculum theory, curriculum design, core curriculum guidelines, teaching content, pedagogy
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Finnish education politics presume that basic education should be equal to all students. While organising craft education equality can be understood as similarity or as possibility to choose. The possibility to be able to choose whether textile or technical craft despite of one´s gender has been the aim of laws and curriculums already over 30 years. In practice it´s almost impossible to students to ignore feminine and masculine roles that go deep into our culture. Choosing craft has been divided by gender, which is the reason why possibility to choose has not been good enough to educationalists of equality. The latest guidelines for the National core curriculum for bacis education were issued in 2004. According to curriculum craft education consists parts of both technical and textile craft. All students should take part in both sectors of crafts. Furthermore, one can be given a possibility to consentrate his studies in whether textile or technical craft. The curriculum does not set the rules how the education should be organised, which means that it can be organised in many ways depending on city, school or teacher. Teachers and other specialists have contradictory feelings towards shared craft education, because traditional way to see craft in Finland is to separate textile craft from technical craft. Both crafts have some common features that are introduced in curriculum. Besides there is many equal things in craft theories that bind textile and technical craft to each other. The main purpose of this research was to find out, how shared craft education has been organised at the 7.th grade in Finnish comprehensive school, and which things affect in the settlements. Second goal was to describe and compare teachers´ experiences in teaching shared craft education. Third aim of this study was how shared craft has changed craft education. I collected the research material in May 2006 by interviewing both textile and technical craft teachers who teach shared craft. The material consists of fourteen theme interviews. In the analysis of the material I used theoretic bounded document analysis. According to the research there are three different ways to organise shared craft education: 50 50-arrangement, exchanging period and project week. In the schools that carried out 50 50-arrangement teaching was realised mainly in heterogenous groups. Principals had usual a lot of authorization on how to arrange craft education, which means that their views on equality, laws and curriculum affected in the settlemets more than teachers´ opinions. Teachers´ attitudes to shared craft were mainly positive. The changing of craft education can be divided in two parts: the aims and the containings of the curriculum have changed, as well as the meaning of the craft as core subject. Teachers have been forced to decrease the containings of both textile and technical crafts. Despite of eliminations both crafts still have comprehensive containings. Teachers decided what to teach by these argumets: Students should learn some basic things or produce a certain product. Usually teachers had also a lot of experience and special intrests in crafts. According to this research there is four significant meanings for shared craft education: 1) developing readiness for doing things, 2) developing skills of thinking, 3) delight of doing things and 4) teaching attitude.
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Home Economics Classrooms as Part of Developing the Environment Housing Activities and Curriculums Defining Change --- The aim of the research project was to develop home economics classrooms to be flexible and versatile learning environments where household activities might be practiced according to the curriculum in different social networking situations. The research is based on the socio-cultural approach, where the functionality of the learning environment is studied specifically from an interactive learning viewpoint. The social framework is a natural starting point in home economics teaching because of the group work in classrooms. The social nature of learning thus becomes a significant part of the learning process. The study considers learning as experience based, holistic and context bound. The learning environment, i.e. home economics classrooms and the material tools there, plays a significant role in developing students skills to manage everyday life. --- The first research task was to analyze the historical development of household activities. The second research task was to develop and test criteria for functional home economics classrooms in planning both the learning environment and the students activities during lessons. The third research task was to evaluate how different professionals (commissioners, planners and teachers) use the criteria as a tool. The research consists of three parts. The first contains a historical analysis of how social changes have created tension between traditional household classrooms and new activities in homes. The historical analysis is based on housing research, regulations and instructions. For this purpose a new theoretical concept, the tension arch, was introduced. This helped in recognizing and solving problems in students activities and in developing innovations. The functionality criteria for home economics classrooms were developed based on this concept. These include technical (health, safety and technical factors), functional (ergonomic, ecological, aesthetic and economic factors) and behavioural (cooperation and interaction skills and communication technologies) criteria. --- The second part discusses how the criteria were used in renovating school buildings. Empirical data was collected from two separate schools where the activities during lessons were recorded both before and after classrooms were renovated. An analysis of both environments based on video recordings was conducted. The previously created criteria were made use of, and problematic points in functionality looked for particularly from a social interactive viewpoint. The results show that the criteria were used as a planning tool. The criteria facilitated layout and equipment solutions that support both curriculum and learning in home economics classrooms taking into consideration cooperation and interaction in the classroom. With the help of the criteria the home economics classrooms changed from closed and complicated space into integrated and open spaces where the flexibility and versatility of the learning environment was emphasized. The teacher became a facilitator and counselor instead a classroom controller. --- The third part analyses the discussions in planning meetings. These were recorded and an analysis was conducted of how the criteria and research results were used in the planning process of new home economics classrooms. The planning process was multivoiced, i.e. actors from different interest groups took part. All the previously created criteria (technical, functional and behavioural) emerged in the discussions and some of them were used as planning tools. Planning meetings turned into planning studios where boundaries between organizations were ignored and the physical learning environments were developed together with experts. The planning studios resulted in multivoiced planning which showed characteristics of collaborative and participating planning as well as producing common knowledge and shared expertise. --- KEY WORDS: physical learning environment, socio-cultural approach, tension arch, boundary crossing, collaborative planning.
Resumo:
The National Curriculum Guidelines on Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) in Finland says that ECEC is developed holistically through observing children´s and the educator community´s activities and the ECEC environment. The background of this research was that assesment should be based on commonly agreed principles, which are recorded e.g. to unit-specific ECEC curriculum. The objective of this research was to investigate how unit-specific ECEC curriculums have descriped the physical indoor environment in day-care centres. According to the National Curriculum Guidelines on ECEC, there are four ways of acting that are peculiar to children: playing, physical activities, exploration and artistic experiences and self-expression. The descriptions of physical environment in unit-spesific curriculums were observed through above mentioned four ways of acting. In addition to that, the descriptions of four ways of acting were compared to each other, in order to find out, which are the main differencies and similarities in relation to physical ECEC environment. Research material was build on unit-specific ECEC curriculums from 18 day-care centres of Helsinki. Target of the research were the descriptions of physical indoor environment in curriculums.The method used in the research was theory-guided content analysis. The analyses were mainly qualitative. The descriptions of psysical environment varied widely both quantitatively and by substance. All curriculums contained mentions of playing and artistic experiences and self-expression, but mentions of physical activities and exploration were noticiably fewer. All four ways of acting were mentioned in research material in relation to premises and instruments. Also, principles related to the use of premises and instruments and other more common priciples were mentioned in relation to all ways of acting. Instead of that, children were not mentioned even once as an upholders or innovators of physical activities environment and children were mentioned only once regarding to exploration environment. All ways of acting included scenarios of e.g. that environment must provide possibilities of particular way of acting, and both materials and instruments must be available for children. Anyhow, research material did not include any principle or scenario that relates to physical environment that would have occurred in every unit-specific curriculum.
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Esta pesquisa procura trazer para o campo da educação a discussão da divulgação científica, já bastante avançada em outras áreas de conhecimento. A proposta é abordar a temática em questão a partir da análise dos usos‟ de artigos escritos por professores/pesquisadores e publicados no Jornal Eletrônico Educação & Imagem, publicação vinculada ao Laboratório Educação e Imagem (Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação/Faculdade de Educação/Universidade de Estado do Rio de Janeiro), com a finalidade de compartilhar o que vem sendo produzido em pesquisas e práticas curriculares desenvolvidas em torno da relação imagens e educação. Este trabalho está relacionado àqueles que se desenvolvem nos estudos nos/dos/com os cotidianos, o que nos tem permitido compreender as múltiplas redes educativas nas relações conhecimentos e significados tecidas por múltiplos praticantes destas redes. Nos artigos enviados pelos professores ao jornal, observamos que, mesmo seguindo as orientações dos materiais curriculares indicados pelas secretarias, professores e alunos estão em um contexto de experiência curricular cotidiana e os usos que fazem destes materiais de acordo com as suas próprias práticas, que vivenciam dentrofora das escolas, lhes possibilitam que teçam permanentemente os currículos. Em outras palavras, dentro destes espaçostempos há muitos currículos sendo criados. Assim, ao dialogar com os trabalhos de Certeau, Martin-Barbero, Boaventura de Souza Santos, Nestor Canclini, Pierre Lévy e Carlos Vogt esta pesquisa vem pensando as táticas dos usuários de um jornal eletrônico, de professores a pesquisadores, na criação de novos conhecimentos a partir do diálogo mediado por este artefato cultural. Desejo, com a pesquisa desenvolvida, mostrar como cotidiadianamente tem sido tecidas relações entre usuários/professores/pesquisadores por meio do Jornal Eletrônico Educação & Imagem, ultrapassando dessa forma a idéia subjacente à expressão divulgação científica‟, que sugere uma unitelaridade e/ou, no mínimo, uma segregação entre cientistas e todo o resto (CERTEAU, 1994). Ao fazerem usos‟ diversos e imprevisíveis dessa mídia, esses usuários/professores/pesquisadores põem os conhecimentos produzidos para circular, possibilitando apropriações, ressignificações e criação de outros conhecimentos em/nas redes. Por isto, consideramos que é mais aplicável à área o termo circulação científica. Com isso, queremos indicar que o desenvolvimento de pesquisas com os cotidianos exige contatos constantes e de diversas ordens entre universidades e escolas para a compreensão dos múltiplos currículos existentes nas práticas das tantas escolas dos diversos sistemas educativos.
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A cibercultura é a cultura contemporânea estruturada pelos usos sociotécnicos e culturais das mídias digitais em rede. Suas dimensões vêm afetando diretamente os cotidianos no ciberespaço e nas cidades. Neste contexto, esta dissertação buscou compreender como os professores vêm utilizando as mídias digitais em rede. Constamos a emergência e a interconexão de práticas, narrativas e aprendizagens mediadas na e pela cibercultura. Para tanto, dialogamos com as abordagens da pesquisa-formação multirreferencial (Ardoino, Macedo e Santos) e com as pesquisas nos/dos e com os cotidianos (Certeau, Alves, Oliveira). Utilizamos uma bricolagem de dispositivos baseada em conversas presenciais e online (ambiente Moodle, via metodologia WebQuest interativa) no contexto formativo da disciplina "Informática na Educação" do EDAI - Curso de Especialização em Educação com Aplicação da Informática - da Faculdade de Educação da UERJ. Além do ambiente Moodle dialogamos com os praticantes via imersão nas mídias e redes sociais da internet (Orkut, Twitter, YouTube, Blogger). Para enunciar tais práticas recorremos, além dos estudos das abordagens multirreferencial e dos cotidianos, aos estudos da cibercultura (Levy, Castells, Lemos , Santaella, Santos, Silva) e da educação online (Santos, Silva). Analisando os rastros das itinerâncias e narrativas dos praticantes, chegamos aos seguintes achados: a) o digital em rede potencializa e faz emergir outros espaçostempos de aprendizagem e formação, proporcionando fazeressaberesfazeres autorais e colaborativos; b) as redes educativas são tecidas dentrofora do ciberespaço, das escolas e de outros espaços multirreferenciais; c) precisamos repensar os currículos em tempo de cibercultura, articulando propostas de formação na escola, na universidade e no ciberespaço.
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Minha tese teve como base a busca de imagens de mulheres negras, para tentar contar uma história, aquela que aparece em álbuns e histórias para jovens e crianças. Essas imagens me indicam possibilidades para a aplicação da Lei n 10.639/3. Nesses espaçostempos tão plurais, repletos de cores, identidades e significados podemos trabalhar de uma maneira simples seguindo um currículo único? A tese principal da minha pesquisa é buscar entender a importância dessas publicações que crescem significativamente em nosso país, nos últimos anos, em práticas curriculares possíveis. Esse aumento de produções de álbuns, conjugado a uma forte vertente editorial visando à publicação de literatura que resgata a história da África, reforçado por uma linha voltada para o público infanto-juvenil se relaciona à expansão de ações de movimentos sociais, relacionados à igualdade social de negros. Tudo isto reforçou a necessidade de um comprometimento governamental, através de leis, decretos e reformas educacionais. Desse modo pesquisei, utilizando esse material, buscando compreender sua importância para a discussão da questão da educação étnico-cultural e racial e na desconstrução social do preconceito e da discriminação racial direcionados à população negra. Nossa base teórica se encontra em Stuart Hall, Franz Fanon, Kabenguele Munanga, Nilma Gomes, Raul Lody, Nilda Alves, Michel de Certeau, Boris Kossoy, Arlindo Machado, Armando Silva, entre outros tantos.
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O trabalho que desenvolvemos busca alargar os espaçostempos para narrativase análises de textos, a partir de imagens e textos produzidos com vista à circulação científica produzidos para congressos pela área de currículo e, mais especificamente, pela corrente denominada de pesquisas nos/dos/com os cotidianos. Entendemos que são nesses múltiplos e complexos encontros, nos quais são desenvolvidas formas diversas de conversas, entre pesquisadores e outros praticantespensantes dos cotidianos das redes educativas, que são reproduzidos, transmitidos e criados artefatos materiais (artigos) e imateriais (crenças pedagógicas, pensamentos pedagógicos e curriculares) e relações culturais e educativas, propiciando o encontro de múltiplos mundos culturais, fazendo circular ideias produzidas dentrofora das escolas, bem como dentrofora dos espaçostempos acadêmicos. Incorporando essas ideias, nesta pesquisa, entendemos que pelas necessidades de colocar em diálogo o que vai sendo descoberto em ciência no campo da educação se faz indispensável formas de contato ágeis entre a Universidade e aqueles que se encontram nas diversas redes cotidianas e, em especial, os praticantespensantes docentes nas múltiplas redes educativas em que atuam, já que sem isso não conseguiremos entender quais são os conhecimentos e as significações criados, cotidianamente, pelos mesmos nos contatos com as ideias criadas pelas pesquisas acadêmicas. Mais que isto, estas só podem se considerar completadas quando contarem com as respostas e ideias que são criadas nesses espaçostempos de contato. Com essa atitude que venho desenvolvendo desde o mestrado - continuo no doutorado, investigando o uso da troca científica como potência para pensar e praticar a circulação de conhecimentos e significações, compreendendo a descentralização necessária, na área da Educação, dos pólos de produção e emissão, e considerando a conversação científica, da qual todos podem/devem participar, como parte integrante e fundamental da produção de ciência, nesta área. Tudo isto vem permitindo transformações que se articulam com nossas múltiplas e diversificadas possibilidades de expressão, sensação, entendimento, pelas tantas redes que todos e todas formamos e nas quais aprendemosensinamos. Nesta tese, continuando o trabalho iniciado no mestrado, quando buscamos percorrer na internet os caminhos feitos por artigos de duas conhecidas pesquisadoras da primeira geração de pesquisadores com os cotidianos, em textos produzidos para o ENDIPE de 2010, no doutorado, buscamos acompanhar o trabalho de dois pesquisadores na segunda geração desta mesma corrente de pesquisa, nesta mesma rede, com textos produzidos para reuniões anuais da ANPEd, no Trabalho Encomendado do GT-12/Currículo. Traçamos algumas aproximamos quanto às possibilidades de trocas neste material produzido por dois encontros científicos com características bem diversas