Das deutsch-ordenshaus St. Kunigunde bei Halle A.D.S. : von seiner Entstehung bis zu seiner Aufhebung (1200-1511) unter besonderer Berücksichtigung seiner rechtlichen und wirtschaftlichen Verhältnisse.

"Diese Arbeit erscheint auch als Heft VIII der 'Forschungen zur thüringisch-sächsichen Geschichte.'"

Estudo da capacidade de complexação e sua relação com algumas variáveis ambientais em cinco represas do Rio Tietê/Brasil

The copper and cadmium complexation properties in natural sediment suspensions of reservoirs of the Tietê River were studied using the solid membrane copper and cadmium ion-selective electrodes. The complexation and the average conditional stability constants were determined under equilibrium conditions at pH=6.00 ± 0.05 in a medium of 1.0 mol L-1 sodium nitrate, using the Scatchard method. The copper and cadmium electrodes presented Nernstian behavior from 1x10-6 to 1x10-3 mol L-1 of total metal concentration. Scatchard graphs suggest two classes of binding sites for both metals. A multivariate study was done to correlate the reservoirs and the variables: complexation properties, size, total organic carbon, volatile acid sulfide, E II and pH.

Photooxidative behavior of polystyrene-montmorillonite nanocomposites

The weathering behavior of polystyrene and polystyrene-montmorillonite composites containing 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 wt% of montmorillonite (MMT) was investigated. Samples were exposed to UV radiation for periods of up to similar to 12 weeks and their molecular weight, chemical changes, and mechanical properties were monitored as a function of time. The addition of MMT was shown to improve the photostability of all composites investigated, probably because of a screen effect against UV radiation and barrier effect against diffusion of oxygen promoted by the silicate layers of MMT. Scanning electron microscopy of fracture surfaces of degraded samples showed that there is a degraded layer near the surface that provided a recovery of tensile strength of the samples.

A novel continuous time representation for the scheduling of pipeline systems with pumping yield rate constraints

Pipeline systems play a key role in the petroleum business. These operational systems provide connection between ports and/or oil fields and refineries (upstream), as well as between these and consumer markets (downstream). The purpose of this work is to propose a novel MINLP formulation based on a continuous time representation for the scheduling of multiproduct pipeline systems that must supply multiple consumer markets. Moreover, it also considers that the pipeline operates intermittently and that the pumping costs depend on the booster stations yield rates, which in turn may generate different flow rates. The proposed continuous time representation is compared with a previously developed discrete time representation [Rejowski, R., Jr., & Pinto, J. M. (2004). Efficient MILP formulations and valid cuts for multiproduct pipeline scheduling. Computers and Chemical Engineering, 28, 1511] in terms of solution quality and computational performance. The influence of the number of time intervals that represents the transfer operation is studied and several configurations for the booster stations are tested. Finally, the proposed formulation is applied to a larger case, in which several booster configurations with different numbers of stages are tested. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Ripening-associated changes in the amounts of starch and non-starch polysaccharides and their contributions to fruit softening in three banana cultivars

BACKGROUND: Fruit softening is generally attributed to cell wall degradation in the majority of fruits. However, unripe bananas contain a large amount of starch, and different banana cultivars vary in the amount of starch remaining in ripe fruits. Since studies on changes in pulp firmness carried outwith bananas are usually inconclusive, the cell wall carbohydrates and the levels of starch and soluble cell wall monosaccharides from the pulps of three banana cultivars were analysed at different ripening stages. RESULTS: Softening of Nanicao and Mysore bananas seemed to be more closely related to starch levels than to cell wall changes. For the plantain Terra, cell wall polysaccharide solubilisation and starch degradation appeared to be the main contributors. CONCLUSION: Banana softening is a consequence of starch degradation and the accumulation of soluble sugars in a cultivar-dependent manner. However, contributions from cell wall-related changes cannot be disregarded. (C) 2011 Society of Chemical Industry

Aldosterone and angiotensin II synergistically stimulate migration in vascular smooth muscle cells through c-Src-regulated redox-sensitive RhoA pathways

Objective - Synergistic interactions between aldosterone (Aldo) and angiotensin II (Ang II) have been implicated in vascular inflammation, fibrosis, and remodeling. Molecular mechanisms underlying this are unclear. We tested the hypothesis that c-Src activation, through receptor tyrosine kinase transactivation, is critically involved in synergistic interactions between Aldo and Ang II and that it is upstream of promigratory signaling pathways in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Methods and Results - VSMCs from WKY rats were studied. At low concentrations (10(-10) mol/L) Aldo and Ang II alone did not influence c-Src activation, whereas in combination they rapidly increased phosphorylation (P<0.01), an effect blocked by eplerenone ( Aldo receptor antagonist) and irbesartan (AT1R blocker). This synergism was attenuated by AG1478 and AG1296 ( inhibitors of EGFR and PDGFR, respectively), but not by AG1024 (IGFR inhibitor). Aldo and Ang II costimulation induced c-Src-dependent activation of NAD(P)H oxidase and c-Src-independent activation of ERK1/2 (P<0.05), without effect on ERK5, p38MAPK, or JNK. Aldo/Ang II synergistically activated RhoA/Rho kinase and VSMC migration, effects blocked by PP2, apocynin, and fasudil, inhibitors of c-Src, NADPH oxidase, and Rho kinase, respectively. Conclusions - Aldo/Ang II synergistically activate c-Src, an immediate signaling response, through EGFR and PDGFR, but not IGFR transactivation. This is associated with activation of redox-regulated RhoA/Rho kinase, which controls VSMC migration. Although Aldo and Ang II interact to stimulate ERK1/2, such effects are c-Src-independent. These findings indicate differential signaling in Aldo-Ang II crosstalk and highlight the importance of c-Src in redox-sensitive RhoA, but not ERK1/2 signaling. Blockade of Aldo/Ang II may be therapeutically useful in vascular remodeling associated with abnormal VSMC migration.

Covariance functions for body weight from birth to maturity in Nellore cows

The objective of this study was to estimate (co)variance functions using random regression models on Legendre polynomials for the analysis of repeated measures of BW from birth to adult age. A total of 82,064 records from 8,145 females were analyzed. Different models were compared. The models included additive direct and maternal effects, and animal and maternal permanent environmental effects as random terms. Contemporary group and dam age at calving (linear and quadratic effect) were included as fixed effects, and orthogonal Legendre polynomials of animal age (cubic regression) were considered as random co-variables. Eight models with polynomials of third to sixth order were used to describe additive direct and maternal effects, and animal and maternal permanent environmental effects. Residual effects were modeled using 1 (i.e., assuming homogeneity of variances across all ages) or 5 age classes. The model with 5 classes was the best to describe the trajectory of residuals along the growth curve. The model including fourth- and sixth-order polynomials for additive direct and animal permanent environmental effects, respectively, and third-order polynomials for maternal genetic and maternal permanent environmental effects were the best. Estimates of (co) variance obtained with the multi-trait and random regression models were similar. Direct heritability estimates obtained with the random regression models followed a trend similar to that obtained with the multi-trait model. The largest estimates of maternal heritability were those of BW taken close to 240 d of age. In general, estimates of correlation between BW from birth to 8 yr of age decreased with increasing distance between ages.

O processo or??ament??rio e a apura????o de custos de produtos e servi??os no setor p??blico do Brasil

O presente artigo aborda a quest??o da apura????o de custos de servi??os p??blicos a partir da perspectiva do processo or??ament??rio no setor p??blico. Nesse sentido, o objetivo principal do trabalho consiste em explicitar uma sistem??tica de an??lise e apura????o de custos de servi??os p??blicos que seja adaptada ao processo or??ament??rio do setor p??blico brasileiro e, assim, contribuir para a obten????o da efici??ncia alocativa e efici??ncia operacional. A sistem??tica de apura????o de custos aqui proposta ?? totalmente compat??vel com os sistemas gerenciais de informa????o utilizados pelo Governo e tem baixo custo de operacionaliza????o porque n??o implica mudan??as apreci??veis nos sistemas de informa????o em uso e na forma de registro das informa????es na contabilidade p??blica. Por fim, a sistem??tica de apura????o de custos de servi??os p??blicos proposta atende ?? Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal e a complementa quanto ?? apura????o de custos de servi??os e produtos do setor p??blico.

Abordagem crítica sob a ótica da ação comunicativa de Habermas : gestão participativa no campus Serra do Ifes

O estudo teve como objetivo compreender de forma crítica como se caracteriza a gestão participativa no campus Serra do Ifes, a partir do entendimento e do processo interativo dos servidores Técnico-administrativos (TAEs) das classes C, D e E, e das chefias imediatas. Para tanto, a Teoria da Ação Comunicativa (TAC) de Jürgen Habermas, bem como sua proposta de democracia deliberativa foram empreendidas como marco teórico para compreensão desse processo e os conceitos norteadores da TAC (atos de fala, mundo da vida, sistema, colonização do mundo da vida, esfera pública, ação comunicativa e instrumental ou estratégica) foram empregados como elementos de análise das estruturas relevantes identificadas na pesquisa. Esse trabalho caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa e possui um enfoque crítico com visão dialética da realidade social. A análise foi realizada considerando o duplo efeito que a prática da gestão participativa pode significar: como comprometimento com o desempenho e reforço do sistema capitalista; e como resistência dos trabalhadores organizados às formas de dominação e controle. Os dados empíricos foram produzidos por meio de pesquisa documental, observação participante e entrevista semiestruturada. Foram entrevistados oito TAEs subordinados e 13 chefias imediatas, selecionados conforme o critério da bola de neve. Utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo para o tratamento das informações obtidas nas entrevistas. Os resultados apontam para a construção de ações participativas de cunho instrumental, estabelecidas a partir dos interesses da gestão, de grupos específicos e individuais. Sendo assim, a prática da gestão participativa caracteriza-se como um espaço estratégico para alcance do êxito e não do entendimento, onde os TAEs são corresponsáveis no processo de manutenção e construção dos fenômenos que emperram o desenvolvimento de uma participação democrática.

Perfil de crescimento de crianças matriculadas em programa de suplementação alimentar

Com o objetivo de conhecer o perfil de crescimento de beneficiários de um programa de suplementação alimentar, estudou-se 1511 crianças de 6 a 72 meses de idade, de cinco municípios da Grande São Paulo, Brasil que freqüentaram o Programa de Nutrição em Saúde (PNS), pelo período de um ano. Foram utilizados indicadores peso e altura para a idade, expressos em valores de percentís correspondentes ao padrão antropométrico de referência NCHS. Esse perfil foi traçado no momento da matrícula e após um ano de programa, segundo grupos etários, momento em que o perfil encontrado estava desviado para a esquerda, tanto para as distribuições de peso como de altura, concentrando maior freqüência de crianças nos primeiros decis e escassez no últimos, caracterizando uma população desnutrida. O perfil correspondente aos dois indicadores, após um ano de programa, evidenciou melhora do estado nutricional, uma vez que houve acentuada diminuição da freqüência das crianças no primeiro decil (P10) em todas as faixas etárias, tanto para peso como para altura, destacando-se a faixa de 12 a 24 meses, cuja freqüência no primeiro decil de altura passou de 49%, na matrícula, para 18%, após 12 meses de suplementação alimentar.

Mass- Radius Relation for Magnetized Strange Quarks Stars

We review the stability of magnetized strange quark matter (MSQM) within the phenomenological MIT bag model, taking into account the variation of the relevant input parameters, namely, the strange quark mass, baryon density, magnetic field and bag parameter. A comparison with magnetized asymmetric quark matter in beta-equilibrium as well as with strange quark matter (SQM) is presented. We obtain that the energy per baryon for MSQM decreases as the magnetic field increases, and its minimum value at vanishing pressure is lower than the value found for SQM, which implies that MSQM is more stable than non-magnetized SQM. The mass-radius relation for magnetized strange quark stars is also obtained in this framework.

Typical load profiles in the smart grid context – a clustering methods comparison

The present research paper presents five different clustering methods to identify typical load profiles of medium voltage (MV) electricity consumers. These methods are intended to be used in a smart grid environment to extract useful knowledge about customer’s behaviour. The obtained knowledge can be used to support a decision tool, not only for utilities but also for consumers. Load profiles can be used by the utilities to identify the aspects that cause system load peaks and enable the development of specific contracts with their customers. The framework presented throughout the paper consists in several steps, namely the pre-processing data phase, clustering algorithms application and the evaluation of the quality of the partition, which is supported by cluster validity indices. The process ends with the analysis of the discovered knowledge. To validate the proposed framework, a case study with a real database of 208 MV consumers is used.

Évolution géologique de la marge ouest-ibérique

This paper is a summary of the results of the authors recent researches about the Western Iberian continental margin. During the Mesozoic, the margin is affected by two consecutive extensional phases interpreted as the result from two episodes of rifting in the Atlantic. Then during Cenozoic, subsidence was interrupted by compression and related deformation, specially during Eocene time. Ante-mesozoic basement controls the structural and sedimentary evolution of the margin.

Distribuição por Sexos das Cardiopatias Congénitas

Apresenta-se a distribuição por sexos em 4150 crianças, de idade inferior a 13 anos, com cardiopatias congénitas bem definidas, estudadas num periodo de 17 anos. Globalmente a distribuição foi equilibrada, sendo 2108 do fenotipo masculino (50,8%) e 2042 do fenotipo feminino(49,2%), com um quociente Q = 1,03. Verificou-se um predomínio franco do sexo masculino para as seguintes cardiopatias: estenose aórtica valvular e subvalvular fixa (70%), coarctação da aorta(66%), transposição das grandes artérias (60%), coração univentricular (76%), atrésia da tricúspide (63%), anomalia de Ebstein (76%), sindrome do coração esquerdo hipoplásico (85%), aneis vasculares (77%) e estenose médio-ventricular direita (70%). Verificou-se um predomínio franco do sexo feminino para o canal arterial persistente (72%), os defeitos do septo aurículo-ventricular (62%,), a estenose aórtica supravalvular (71%) e a estenose pulmonar infundibular isolada (80%). Confirmou-se uma distribuição muito mais equilibrada para os casos de canal arterial persistente isolado em síndrome de rubéola congénita (56%). Salienta-se a importância de conhecer a distribuição por sexos, por esta ter valor preditivo quanto ao risco de recorrência familiar das cardiopatias congénitas.

Da caça de Mondragón à guarda do Estreito de Gibraltar (1508-1513) : os guardiões da memória de Duarte Pacheco Pereira e a economia da mercê nos séculos XVI-XVII

O artigo apresenta nova documentação relativa ao episódio do primeiro ataque a uma nau da Carreira da Índia, a nau de Job Queimado, e o papel desempenhado por Duarte Pacheco Pereira na perseguição do pirata Mondragón. Primeiramente, mostraremos como o pirata não chegou a ser capturado pelos portugueses. Duarte Pacheco Pereira tornou-se capitão-mor de várias armadas enviadas ao Estreito de Gibraltar. O seu desempenho no estreito nos anos de 1509, 1510, 1511 e 1513 vem complementar a lacuna documental sobre as suas actividades após a redacção do Esmeraldo de Situ Orbis. Em seguida, mostraremos como a documentação régia enviada por D. Manuel I a Duarte Pacheco Pereira foi preservada pelos seus descendentes e utilizada para obter da Coroa mercês adicionais, baseadas no seu serviço, durante mais de um século. O artigo é complementado por um apêndice documental onde se apresentam as transcrições da documentação existente no Arquivo Almada Lencastre Basto, na Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal.