Performance analysis of double digit decimal multiplier on various FPGA logic families

Decimal multiplication is an integral part of financial, commercial, and internet-based computations. This paper presents a novel double digit decimal multiplication (DDDM) technique that performs 2 digit multiplications simultaneously in one clock cycle. This design offers low latency and high throughput. When multiplying two n-digit operands to produce a 2n-digit product, the design has a latency of (n / 2) 1 cycles. The paper presents area and delay comparisons for 7-digit, 16-digit, 34-digit double digit decimal multipliers on different families of Xilinx, Altera, Actel and Quick Logic FPGAs. The multipliers presented can be extended to support decimal floating-point multiplication for IEEE P754 standard

High performance, low latency double digit decimal multiplier on ASIC and FPGA

Decimal multiplication is an integral part of financial, commercial, and internet-based computations. This paper presents a novel double digit decimal multiplication (DDDM) technique that offers low latency and high throughput. This design performs two digit multiplications simultaneously in one clock cycle. Double digit fixed point decimal multipliers for 7digit, 16 digit and 34 digit are simulated using Leonardo Spectrum from Mentor Graphics Corporation using ASIC Library. The paper also presents area and delay comparisons for these fixed point multipliers on Xilinx, Altera, Actel and Quick logic FPGAs. This multiplier design can be extended to support decimal floating point multiplication for IEEE 754- 2008 standard.

Fixed Point Decimal Multiplication Using RPS Algorithm

Decimal multiplication is an integral part of financial, commercial, and internet-based computations. A novel design for single digit decimal multiplication that reduces the critical path delay and area for an iterative multiplier is proposed in this research. The partial products are generated using single digit multipliers, and are accumulated based on a novel RPS algorithm. This design uses n single digit multipliers for an n × n multiplication. The latency for the multiplication of two n-digit Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) operands is (n + 1) cycles and a new multiplication can begin every n cycle. The accumulation of final partial products and the first iteration of partial product generation for next set of inputs are done simultaneously. This iterative decimal multiplier offers low latency and high throughput, and can be extended for decimal floating-point multiplication.

Performance Analysis of Reversible Fast Decimal Adders

This paper presents a performance analysis of reversible, fault tolerant VLSI implementations of carry select and hybrid decimal adders suitable for multi-digit BCD addition. The designs enable partial parallel processing of all digits that perform high-speed addition in decimal domain. When the number of digits is more than 25 the hybrid decimal adder can operate 5 times faster than conventional decimal adder using classical logic gates. The speed up factor of hybrid adder increases above 10 when the number of decimal digits is more than 25 for reversible logic implementation. Such highspeed decimal adders find applications in real time processors and internet-based applications. The implementations use only reversible conservative Fredkin gates, which make it suitable for VLSI circuits.

Evolutionäre Optimierung von Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstellen

Vorgestellt wird eine weltweit neue Methode, Schnittstellen zwischen Menschen und Maschinen für individuelle Bediener anzupassen. Durch Anwenden von Abstraktionen evolutionärer Mechanismen wie Selektion, Rekombination und Mutation in der EOGUI-Methodik (Evolutionary Optimization of Graphical User Interfaces) kann eine rechnergestützte Umsetzung der Methode für Graphische Bedienoberflächen, insbesondere für industrielle Prozesse, bereitgestellt werden. In die Evolutionäre Optimierung fließen sowohl die objektiven, d.h. messbaren Größen wie Auswahlhäufigkeiten und -zeiten, mit ein, als auch das anhand von Online-Fragebögen erfasste subjektive Empfinden der Bediener. Auf diese Weise wird die Visualisierung von Systemen den Bedürfnissen und Präferenzen einzelner Bedienern angepasst. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit kann der Bediener aus vier Bedienoberflächen unterschiedlicher Abstraktionsgrade für den Beispielprozess MIPS ( MIschungsProzess-Simulation) die Objekte auswählen, die ihn bei der Prozessführung am besten unterstützen. Über den EOGUI-Algorithmus werden diese Objekte ausgewählt, ggf. verändert und in einer neuen, dem Bediener angepassten graphischen Bedienoberfläche zusammengefasst. Unter Verwendung des MIPS-Prozesses wurden Experimente mit der EOGUI-Methodik durchgeführt, um die Anwendbarkeit, Akzeptanz und Wirksamkeit der Methode für die Führung industrieller Prozesse zu überprüfen. Anhand der Untersuchungen kann zu großen Teilen gezeigt werden, dass die entwickelte Methodik zur Evolutionären Optimierung von Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstellen industrielle Prozessvisualisierungen tatsächlich an den einzelnen Bediener anpaßt und die Prozessführung verbessert.

Introduction to Network Mathematics

Introduction to Network Mathematics provides college students with basic graph theory to better understand the Internet

El papel de la Revolución de Terciopelo en la redefinición de la identidad checoslovaca en términos de política exterior con respecto a Rusia

Este trabajo responde la pregunta ¿Cuál es el papel de la Revolución de Terciopelo en la redefinición de la identidad checoslovaca en términos de política exterior?. Defenderá que, conforme al constructivismo, la identidad de los Estados así como sus intereses no están dados y menos se explican por sus capacidades, explicando la conducta y la forma cómo construyeron socialmente su identidad. La Revolución de Terciopelo tuvo lugar en Checoslovaquia, en un momento definitivo en la historia del país, influyendo en la creación de una nueva identidad colectiva que generó consecuencias en el ámbito internacional, ya que a partir de este hecho concreto se evidencia un cambio en la formulación de la política exterior de este país. Para responder a esta pregunta se hará una recolección de información en donde se utilizará la técnica de análisis de documentos, recolectando la bibliografía y consultando en bibliotecas, bases de datos y portales de internet.

Repostería Mint S.A.S

Mint es una repostería especializada para personas con problemas como diabetes y obesidad, que estará ubicada en localidades de Bogotá, donde existen mayores índices de este problema, inicialmente estaremos en Kennedy, una localidad con mayor población que padece la diabetes y obesidad en niños y adultos mayores. Mint busca cambiar el concepto de comida saludable o especializada en diabéticos, de aburrida, de mal sabor y poco agradable al consumo, por gran variedad de sabores, texturas y diseños. Este concepto se cambiará principalmente, a través del diseño de los productos, así como la decoración de la tienda, dado que estamos ubicados en estratos 2, 3 y 4, nuestros productos estarán condicionados al poder adquisitivo de nuestros consumidores. El local tendrá un área total de 87,4 m cuadrado, donde predomina el color y el diseño, funcionará de domingo a domingo en un horario de 10 am a 8 pm. La idea no solo es la venta de productos, sino realizar una concientización del cliente de lo más importante, su salud. La inversión estimada en maquinaria será de 6.510.000, equipo de 3.200.000 y los muebles enseres de 6.500.000, adicional, los costos operacionales mensuales estimados son de 15.473.400, donde el punto de equilibrio se logrará en el momento de venta de 467. 465.004. El local proporcionará diferentes campañas de fidelización, tales como promociones y descuentos, así como la posibilidad de pedir domicilios a través de internet.

Position paper on the future of social networking

Social networking mediated by web sites is a relatively new phenomenon and as with all technological innovations there continues to be a period of both technical and social adjustment to fit the services in with people’s behaviours, and for people to adjust their practices in the light of the affordances provided by the technology. Social networking benefits strongly from large scale availability. Users gain greater benefit from social networking services when more of their friends are using them.This applies in social terms, but also in eLearning and professional networks. The network effect provides one explanation for the popularity of internet based social networking sites (SNS) because the number of connections between people which can be maintained by using them is greatly increased in comparison to the networks available before the internet. The ability of users to determine how much they trust information available to them from contacts within their social network is important in almost all modes of use. As sources of information on a range of topics from academic to shopping advice, the level of trust which a user can put in other nodes is a key aspect of the utility of the system.

Remote control systems laboratory

Control systems theory can be a discipline difficult to learn without some laboratory help. With the help of focused laboratories this discipline turns to be very interesting to the students involved. The main problem is that laboratories aren't always available to students, and sometimes, when they are available, aren't big enough to a growing student population. Thus, with computer networks growing so fast, why don't create remote control labs that can be used by a large number of students? Why don't create remote control labs using Internetⓒ Copyright ?2001 IFAC Keywords: Remote Control, Computer Networks, Database, Educational Aids, Laboratory Education, Communication Control Applications.

Communication mechanisms and middleware for distributed video surveillance

A new generation of advanced surveillance systems is being conceived as a collection of multi-sensor components such as video, audio and mobile robots interacting in a cooperating manner to enhance situation awareness capabilities to assist surveillance personnel. The prominent issues that these systems face are: the improvement of existing intelligent video surveillance systems, the inclusion of wireless networks, the use of low power sensors, the design architecture, the communication between different components, the fusion of data emerging from different type of sensors, the location of personnel (providers and consumers) and the scalability of the system. This paper focuses on the aspects pertaining to real-time distributed architecture and scalability. For example, to meet real-time requirements, these systems need to process data streams in concurrent environments, designed by taking into account scheduling and synchronisation. The paper proposes a framework for the design of visual surveillance systems based on components derived from the principles of Real Time Networks/Data Oriented Requirements Implementation Scheme (RTN/DORIS). It also proposes the implementation of these components using the well-known middleware technology Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA). Results using this architecture for video surveillance are presented through an implemented prototype.

Taking the shopping centre online: new models in e-commerce

Purpose – This paper aims to provide a brief re´sume´ of previous research which has analysed the impact of e-commerce on retail real estate in the UK, and to examine the important marketing role of the internet for shopping centre managers, and retail landlords. Design/methodology/approach – Based on the results from a wider study carried out in 2003, the paper uses case studies from two different shopping centres in the UK, and documents the innovative uses of both web-based marketing and online retailing by organisations that historically have not directly been involved in the retailing process. Findings – The paper highlights the importance of considering online sales within a multi-channel approach to retailing. The two types of emerging shopping centre model which are identified are characterised by their ultimate relationship with the physical shopping centre on whose web site they reside. These can be summarised as: the “centre-led” approach, and the “brand-led” or “marketing-led” approach. Research limitations/implications – The research is based on a limited number of in-depth case studies and secondary data. Further research is needed to monitor the continuing impact of e-commerce on retail property and the marketing strategies of shopping centre managers and owners. Practical implications – Internet-based sales provide an important adjunct to conventional retail sales and an important source of potential risk for landlords and tenants in the real estate investment market. Regardless of whether retailers use the internet as a sales channel, as a product-sourcing tool, or merely to provide information to the consumer, the internet has become a keystone within the greater retail marketing mix. The findings have ramifications for understanding the way in which landlords are structuring their retail property to defray potential risks. Originality/value – The paper examines shopping centre online marketing models for the first time in detail, and will be of value to retail occupiers, owners and other stakeholders of shopping centres.

Reproducibility of the online Food4Me food-frequency questionnaire for estimating dietary intakes across Europe

Background: Accurate dietary assessment is key to understanding nutrition-related outcomes and is essential for estimating dietary change in nutrition-based interventions. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the pan-European reproducibility of the Food4Me food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in assessing the habitual diet of adults. Methods: Participantsfromthe Food4Me study, a 6-mo,Internet-based, randomizedcontrolled trial of personalized nutrition conducted in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Spain, Netherlands, Germany, Greece, and Poland were included. Screening and baseline data (both collected before commencement of the intervention) were used in the present analyses, and participants were includedonly iftheycompleted FFQs at screeningand at baselinewithin a 1-mo timeframebeforethe commencement oftheintervention. Sociodemographic (e.g., sex andcountry) andlifestyle[e.g.,bodymass index(BMI,inkg/m2)and physical activity] characteristics were collected. Linear regression, correlation coefficients, concordance (percentage) in quartile classification, and Bland-Altman plots for daily intakes were used to assess reproducibility. Results: In total, 567 participants (59% female), with a mean 6 SD age of 38.7 6 13.4 y and BMI of 25.4 6 4.8, completed bothFFQswithin 1 mo(mean 6 SD: 19.26 6.2d).Exact plus adjacent classification oftotal energy intakeinparticipants was highest in Ireland (94%) and lowest in Poland (81%). Spearman correlation coefficients (r) in total energy intake between FFQs ranged from 0.50 for obese participants to 0.68 and 0.60 in normal-weight and overweight participants, respectively. Bland-Altman plots showed a mean difference between FFQs of 210 kcal/d, with the agreement deteriorating as energy intakes increased. There was little variation in reproducibility of total energy intakes between sex and age groups. Conclusions: The online Food4Me FFQ was shown to be reproducible across 7 European countries when administered within a 1-mo period to a large number of participants. The results support the utility of the online Food4Me FFQ as a reproducible tool across multiple European populations. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01530139.

A insatisfação nos serviços: comparando formas pessoais e impessoais de decepção no atendimento

O crescimento do papel da tecnologia nas interações entre empresa clientes, bem como do número de serviços baseados em tecnologia, vem alterando bruscamente as relações interpessoais e, em algumas instâncias, eliminando-as por completo. Por outro lado, tecnologia vem possibilitando, de forma drástica, aumento no número de encontros entre os consumidores e as empresas, que faz crescer importância do tema. presente trabalho tem como objetivo estudar insatisfação dos consumidores no atendimento, através da decepção sofrida, abordada quando esta ocorre em dois níveis de interação destes com as empresas de serviços, descrevendo comparando estas ocorrências no atendimento pessoal impessoal neste último, através das novas tecnologias disponibilizadas pelas empresas prestadoras de serviços. Os dados analisados foram coletados através de uma netnografia, ou etnografia na internet, adaptada ao estudo de comunidades online, uma nova metodologia em pesquisa qualitativa que tem por finalidade estudar as culturas comunidades que estão surgindo através das comunicações via computador, conforme proposto por Kozinets (2002). Através da análise de conteúdo dos relatos, buscou-se analisar os antecedentes conseqüentes da insatisfação decepção dos consumidores, analisando-os, descrevendo-os comparando-os. Conclui-se que as falhas são maior fonte de insatisfação para ambos os tipos de consumidores, além de outras similaridades observadas; que os consumidores que buscam atendimento pessoal exigem um tratamento mais caloroso; aqueles que buscam atendimento via novas tecnologias são menos tolerantes às falhas; que ambos recorrem meios diferentes daquele que foi fonte da decepção na tentativa de resolver seus problemas.