List of cores available for study at the North Dakota Geological Survey.

"The numbers refer to North Dakota Geological Survey Circular no. 5 (sixth-revision), well numbers and storage buildings."

Landing party manual, United States Navy.

Pamphlets in loose-leaf binder.

Annual report - Archaeological Institute of America.

List of members in each report.

Data user news /

Latest issue consulted: Vol. 16, no. 12 (Dec. 1981).

Proceedings of the American Society of International Law at its ... annual meeting.

For 1918/19-1920, meetings of the executive council were held instead of the annual meetings.

The Studio.

No. 229 repeated in numbering; no. 230 omitted.

Perceptions of the influence of prescription medicine samples on prescribing by family physicians

Background: The provision of free prescription medicine samples is a common and traditional marketing strategy used by pharmaceutical companies, but concerns have been raised about their influence on physician prescribing behavior and patient safety. Objective: We sought to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of Australian family physicians regarding the use of sample prescription medications. Methods: Qualitative and quantitative techniques were used, including (1) mailed questionnaires to family physicians, (2) semistructured interviews with family physicians, and (3) sample cupboard inventories. Results: A number of issues about samples were identified by the questionnaires (208) and interviews (17 doctors), including insufficient labeling, poor record keeping, diversion of stock (personal use by doctors.. their families, practice staff and pharmaceutical representatives), and wasting of expired stock. Prescription medicine samples also influenced prescribing behavior. Australian doctors were less likely to provide samples to patients on financial grounds compared with a previous study in the United States on medical residents. Six sample cupboards were inventoried. Median wholesale value of sample cupboards was AUD $4959 (range $2395-$8709), with 6% of stock expired. Very little generic medicine was included in the sample cupboards. Conclusions: Better methods are needed to meet legislative requirements and to ensure quality use of medicines (and optimal public health) with respect to prescription medicine samples. Doctors and practice staff require training on the appropriate handling and storage of prescription medications. Alternative ways for distribution of sample medications need to be investigated.

A MÍDIA IMPRESSA ESPECIALIZADA E O ADOLESCENTE VESTIBULANDO

Assuntos como vestibular, escolha profissional ocupam espaço na mídia impressa especializada principalmente no final do ano. Evidentemente, o adolescente está inserido nesse contexto. Este estudo teve como objetivo geral investigar como essa mídia representa o adolescente na etapa da escolha profissional e do vestibular, pesquisando que aspectos da vida desse jovem são mais focalizados. Para tanto, foram analisadas algumas publicações da mídia especializada - revistas GUIA DO ESTUDANTE, ALMANAQUE DO ESTUDANTE e os suplementos teens FOVEST e FOLHATEEN, veiculados pelo jornal Folha de SP. Tomando-se por base a teoria evolutiva da adaptação humana de Ryad Simon,que procura analisar quatro setores adaptativos: Afetivo-Relacional, Produtividade,Sócio-Cultural e Orgânico, procurou-se verificar se a mídia leva em conta todos os setores ou se procura dar maior destaque apenas ao setor da produtividade. O período de análise escolhido foi o que antecede a época do vestibular, de meio e de final de ano. A pesquisa foi quantitativa e qualitativa, buscando-se utilizar, como método, a análise de conteúdo por meio da EDAO, um instrumento da Psicologia que avalia os quatro setores da adaptação humana, segundo a teoria proposta por Simon (1989). Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a mídia especializada dá maior ênfase aos aspectos produtivos, portanto ao setor Produtividade. Os demais setores, confirmando as hipóteses formuladas, foram pouco abordados, tanto pelas revistas quanto pelos suplementos.Outro dado observado foi a pouca profundidade na abordagem dos temas. O estudo concluiu, também, que a EDAO - Escala Diagnóstica Adaptativa Operacionalizada pode ser utilizada como instrumento de análise de conteúdo em pesquisas envolvendo a mídia impressa especializada e os aspectos psicossociais do indivíduo.(AU)

CP-036 evaluation of outpatient clinic letters for medication errors

Background - It is well recognised that errors are more likely to occur during transitions of care, especially medicines errors. Clinic letters are used as a communication tool during a transition from hospital (outpatient clinics) to primary care (general practitioners). Little is known about medicines errors in clinic letters, as previous studies in this area have focused on medicines errors in inpatient or outpatient prescriptions. Published studies concerning clinic letters largely focus on perceptions of patients or general practitioners in respect to overall quality. Purpose - To investigate medicines errors contained in outpatient clinic letters generated by prescribers within the Neurology Department of a specialist paediatric hospital in the UK.Materials and methods - Single site, retrospective, cross-sectional review of 100 clinic letters generated during March–July 2013 in response to an outpatient consultation. Clinic letters were conveniently selected from the most recent visit of each patient. An evaluation tool with a 10-point scale, where 10 was no error and 0 was significant error, was developed and refined throughout the study to facilitate identification and characterisation of medicines errors. The tool was tested for a relationship between scores and number of medicines errors using a regression analysis.Results - Of 315 items related to neurology mentioned within the letters, 212 items were associated with 602 errors. Common missing information was allergy (97%, n = 97), formulation (60.3%, n = 190), strength/concentration (59%, n = 186) and weight (53%, n = 53). Ninety-nine letters were associated with at least one error. Scores were in range of 4–10 with 42% of letters scored as 7. Statistically significant relationships were observed between scores and number of medicines errors (R2 = 0.4168, p < 0.05) as well as between number of medicines and number of drug-related errors (R2 = 0.9719, p < 0.05). Conclusions - Nearly all clinic letters were associated with medicines errors. The 10-point evaluation tool may be a useful device to categorise clinic letter errors.

Una planta sin clásicos. La berenjena en la farmacología medieval y renacentista

La berenjena (Solanum melongena L.) es una planta solanácea de múltiples variedades, cuyos ancestros salvajes se sitúan en Indochina y el este de África. Su cultivo fue muy temprano en zonas de China e India. Aun así, no se extendió al Occidente antiguo ni apenas se conoció, de ahí su ausencia en los textos clásicos de botánica y farmacología. Fueron los árabes quienes llevaron el cultivo de la planta por el Norte de África y Al-Andalus, de donde pasó ya a Europa. Los primeros testimonios occidentales de la berenjena aparecen en traducciones latinas de textos árabes, para incorporarse luego a la literatura farmacológica medieval y, más tarde ya, a la del Renacimiento, que empezó a tratar de ella por su posible parecido con una especie de mandrágora. Pese a que se le reconocían algunas virtudes medicinales, siempre se la tuvo bajo sospecha por ser de sabor poco agradable, indigesta y causante de algunas afecciones. Solo los botánicos de finales del Renacimiento describirían la planta y sus variedades con criterios más «científicos» y botánicos, ya sin apenas intereses farmacológicos.

Redução do índice de complexidade da medicação em lar de idosos

Objectivo: este estudo centrava-se na avaliação da eficácia da intervenção de um farmacêutico na Redução do Grau de Complexidade da Medicação num Lar de Idosos. Métodos: tratou-se de um estudo randomizado controlado. A instituição que serviu para a recolha de dados foi o Lar da Santa Casa da Misericórdia das Alcáçovas, localidade que pertence ao concelho de Viana do Alentejo, Distrito de Évora. Foram usados como amostra, os utentes institucionalizados (n=86), que por randomização foram divididos em grupo de intervenção e de controlo respectivamente. Em Março 2007, o Índice Çomplexidade da Medicação (MRCI), foi usado para estabelecer a linha de partida (baseline). Ocorreu uma sessão informativa com o médico acerca da importância e dos efeitos provocados pelo MRCI obtido. A fase de Intervenção teve início em Maio de 2007, e consistiu em reportar ao médico o MRCI para cada utente, o valor médio do MRCI para o Lar e algumas recomendações para o poder reduzir. Noventa dias após a intervenção, o MRCI voltou a ser avaliado para todos os utentes. Resultados: a média de idades para os 86 utentes era de 83,9 anos, com 66,3o/o de mulheres. Na linha de partida, os utentes usavam 7,8 medicamentos e apresentavam um MRCI de 22,9 (95% Cl 20,1: 25,7). Durante a fase de intervenção, 2 utentes do grupo de intervenção e 5 utentes do grupo de controlo faleceram. Após a intervenção, o número de medicamentos reduziu no grupo de intervenção (p = 0,035), mas não no grupo de controlo (p =0,079). O MACI do grupo de intervenção reduziu de 22,2 para 16,8 (p =0,015); enquanto o MRCI do grupo de controlo reduziu apenas de 23,6 para 20,0 (p =0,091). As três secções do MRCI reduziram significativamente no grupo de intervenção, mas nenhum deles reduziu no grupo de controlo. Conclusão: a intervenção de um farmacêutico pode contribuir para reduzir a complexidade da medicação nos idosos, com uma ligeira redução no número de medicamentos a tomar pelos utentes e sem focalizar a intervenção num aspecto específico do regime terapêutico. ABSTRACT; Methods: Randomized controlled study. Patients (n= 86) institutionalized in nursing home to Santa Casa da Misericórdia das Alcáçovas, Viana do Alentejo, Évora. The patients were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. ln Mars 2007, Medication Regimen Complexity Index (MRCI) was used to establish a baseline... An informative session with the physician about the importance and effects of regime complexity occurred. lntervention started in May 2007, and consisted in reporting to the physician the complexity of each patient medication regime, with references to the average complexity and some recommendations to reduce it. Ninety days after the intervention, MRCI were evaluated in all the patients. Results: average age of the 86 patients was 83,9 years, with 66,3°/o of females. At the baseline, patients were using 7, 8 medicines, and presented a MRCI = 22,9 (95%CI 20,1 : 25,7). During the intervention phase, 2 intervention patients and 5 control patients dead. After the intervention, the number of medicines reduced in intervention group (p=0,035), but not in the control group (p = 0,079).1ntervention MRCI reduced from 22,2 to 16,8 (p =0,015), while control MRCI reduced only from 23,6 to 20,0 (p =0,091). The three section of the MRCI significantly reduced in the intervention, but none of them in the control group. Conclusions: clinical pharmacist interventions can contribute to reducing the medication regime complexity in elderly, with a slight reduction of the number of medicines taken by the patient, and without focusing the intervention in one specific aspect of the medication regime.

Reliability of graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry as alternative method for trace analysis of arsenic in natural medicinal products

Purpose: To evaluate the comparative efficiency of graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) and hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HGAAS) for trace analysis of arsenic (As) in natural herbal products (NHPs). Method: Arsenic analysis in natural herbal products and standard reference material was conducted using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), namely, hydride generation AAS (HGAAS) and graphite furnace (GFAAS). The samples were digested with HNO3–H2O2 in a ratio of 4:1 using microwaveassisted acid digestion. The methods were validated with the aid of the standard reference material 1515 Apple Leaves (SRM) from NIST Results: Mean recovery of three different samples of NHPs, using HGAAS and GFAAS, ranged from 89.3 - 91.4 %, and 91.7 - 93.0 %, respectively. The difference between the two methods was insignificant. A (P= 0.5), B (P=0.4) and C (P=0.88) Relative standard deviation (RSD) RSD, i.e., precision was 2.5 - 6.5 % and 2.3 - 6.7 % using HGAAS and GFAAS techniques, respectively. Recovery of arsenic in SRM was 98 and 102 % by GFAAS and HGAAS, respectively. Conclusion: GFAAS demonstrates acceptable levels of precision and accuracy. Both techniques possess comparable accuracy and repeatability. Thus, the two methods are recommended as an alternative approach for trace analysis of arsenic in natural herbal products.

Detalgraf S.A.: Plan Estratégico Empresarial

DETALGRAF S.A., es una empresa colombiana con Capital Nacional, fundada en febrero de 1993. A través del tiempo la empresa se ha venido transformando y sus líneas comerciales se han ampliado significativamente, pasando de ofrecer a sus clientes insumos para la industria gráfica a productos de aseo, papelería, químicos, cafetería, medicamentos y seguridad industrial. Actualmente, se posiciona como una de las mejores empresas comercializadoras en el sector institucional. Este proyecto busca desarrollar un plan estratégico para la empresa Detalgraf S.A., para los próximos cinco años, basándose en la elaboración de estrategias claves, producto de un análisis previo de los problemas que afectan la empresa y su desarrollo; esperando como resultado la solución a diferentes falencias en los departamentos de logística, comercial y finanzas. Teniendo en cuenta lo anteriormente mencionado, se presenta este proyecto como una alternativa de mejora fundamentada en una pregunta investigativa principal la cuales es ¿Cómo garantizar el crecimiento y la sostenibilidad de la empresa Detalgraf S.A., por medio de un plan estratégico que ayude a lograr la perdurabilidad de la compañía? Con el fin de dar respuesta a ésta, se desprenden otros interrogantes igual de importantes como: ¿Es posible por medio de un plan estratégico mejorar el proceso de cobro y seguimiento de cartera?, con base a estas mejoras, ¿Se logrará tener la capacidad de identificar los principales problemas internos y externos que afectan a la empresa y a su entorno? Y finalmente, ¿Se pueden incrementar las ventas penetrando nuevos mercados? El desarrollo de estas preguntas permitirá buscar una mejora en la comunicación interna dentro de la empresa, con el fin de obtener una mayor coordinación en el uso de los recursos y el funcionamiento de la organización para garantizar la creación de valor, un factor clave para la empresa.

Revisión de la literatura científica sobre publicidad de medicamentos de venta libre y comportamiento del consumidor

El consumo de medicamentos es un asunto que actualmente se ha convertido en una preocupación a nivel global, ya que no todos los medicamentos están sujetos a prescripción médica, y esto implica que su consumo dependa de otras fuentes de información, como la publicidad masiva o el consejo de personas legas, entre otros. Esta revisión se basó en la publicidad y el impacto que tiene esta frente al consumidor. La presente revisión se dividió en dos categorías dado la relevancia del tema, en la primera se encuentra las características de los medicamentos de venta libre donde se evidenció cómo funciona el sector de la industria farmacéutica, las características de los medicamentos en general y los riesgos del abuso de este comportamiento. Así mismo, en la segunda categoria se habló sobre la publicidad y mercadeo de ventas libres donde se evidenció el alto impacto que tiene la publicidad en el consumidor, las restricciones que hay en el contexto nacional e internacional.

Herbal supplements: Recent findings in exercise, health and weight loss

Natural herbs have been in use for weight loss purposes since history began. However, the current global obesity epidemic and the rise in obesity-related chronic diseases, including type-II diabetes and cancer, have highlighted the need for novel and effective approaches for herbal remedies. Whilst the popularity of several prescribed and non-prescribed slimming aids and herbal plant supplements have been marketed for their weight loss efficacy, single and multi-ingredient herbal supplements are still being investigated for their single or combined weight loss benefits. Limited research have highlighted an interesting efficacy for several popular herbal plant supplements including caffeine and capsaicin, Ayurvedic preparations and herbal teas, resulting in various degrees of effectiveness including thermogenic, appetite control and psychological benefits such as mood state. Recent research has suggested acute augmented weight-loss effects of combining herbal ingestion with exercise. For example, ingesting green tea, yerba mate and/or caffeine have been shown to increase metabolic rate, and augmented fatty acid metabolism and to increase energy expenditure from fatty acid sources during exercise with various intensities, particularly at low and moderate intensities. Other promising weight-loss effects have also been also reported for combining exercise with multi-ingredient herbal supplements, particularly those that are rich in phytochemicals and caffeoyl derivatives. Combining herbal ingestions with exercise still require further research in order to establish the supplementation most effective protocols in terms of dosage and timing, and to determine the long-term benefits, particularly those related to exercise protocols, and the long term adherence to sustain the weight loss outcomes.