Psycological violence against women in Colombia

Although violence against women has gain attention, there is little evidence of studies about phycological violence against a partner. This paper uses data from Encuesta Nacional de Demografíay Salud (ENDS) to assess empirically models of violence against a partner. One of the main findingsis that the higher the economic independence of the women, the lower the phycologicalviolence against a partner. Some other results show that women with higher education level, belongingto a violent or low income family and living in cities different from Bogotá is correlatedwith higher probability of phycological violence.

Overcoming Gender Disadvantages. Social Policy Analysis of urban middle-class women in Colombia

The World Bank Report 2012 starts with this statement: “Gender equality matters in itself andit matters for development because, in today’s globalized worlds, countries that use the skillsand talents of their women would have an advantage over those which do not use it.” With theframe that suggest that gender equality matters, this paper describes some policy alternativesoriented to overcome gender disadvantages in the formal labor market incorporation of theurban middle class women in Colombia. On balance, the final recommendation suggest that itis desirable to adopt policy alternatives as Community Centers, which are programs orientedto a social redistribution of the domestic work as a way to encourage women participationin the formal labor market with the social support of the members of their own community.The problem that the social policy needs to address is the segregation of women in the formallabor market in Colombia. Although the evidence shows that the women overcome theeducational gap by showing better performance in education that their male peers, womenare still segregated of the labor market. The persistence of high rates of unemployment on thefemale population, the prevalence of the informal labor market as a women labor market, andthe presence of the payment difference between men and women with similar professionaltrainings are circumstances that sustain the segregation statement. These circumstances areinefficient for the society because an economic analysis shows that the cost of maintain the statuquo is externalized in the social security system that includes health, pension and maternityleave regimens. Therefore, the women segregation involves a market failure.This paper evaluates five policy alternatives each directed to the progress of a different causaldimension of the problem: (i) Quotas in the private market, (ii) Flexible working hours,(iii) replace the maternity leave with a family leave, (iv) Increase the Community Centers forredistributing the care work, and (v) Equal payment enforcement. The first alternative looksto increase women’s participation in the formal labor market. The second, third, and fourthalternatives constitute a package addressed at redistributing care work by reducing women’sresponsibility for reproductive work in the household with the help of husbands and the localgovernment. The fifth alternative intervenes to resolve the equal payment problem.After a four criteria evaluation that measure effectiveness, robustness and improbability inimplementation, efficiency and political acceptability or social opposition, the strongest alternativeis the fostering of Community Centers that promote a redistribution of care work. Thispolicy performs well in the assessment process because it combines gender focus with importantindirect effects: child support and human capabilities. The policy also shows a bottomup implementation process that overcomes the main adoption difficulties in the gender focusprograms and is supported by strong evidence of success in the Colombian context; this evidenceis produced by both transnational actors as a World Bank and also in local accountabilityreporters executed by local institutions like Colombian Institute of Family Welfare (ICBF).

The role of Spanish schools in providing environmental knowledge in science. 'El papel de las escuelas españolas en proporcionar conocimientos sobre el medio ambiente en la ciencia'.

Resumen basado en el de la publicación

Science, grade 3. Reading in science resources.

La ciencia no es solo un conjunto de conocimientos acumulados, sino también una forma activa de aprender sobre el mundo que nos rodea. La forma en que se adquieren los conocimientos sobre la naturaleza del mundo está en el fondo del proceso de investigación, y constituye un modelo de aprendizaje recomendado y respaldado por unas normas nacionales sobre educación de la ciencia. En este texto se pueden encontrar la secuencia de experiencias que forman la investigación en ciencias.

Science, grade 2. Reading in science workbook.

La ciencia no es solo un conjunto de conocimientos acumulados, sino también una forma activa de aprender sobre el mundo que nos rodea. La forma en que se adquieren los conocimientos sobre la naturaleza del mundo está en el fondo del proceso de investigación, y constituye un modelo de aprendizaje recomendado y respaldado por unas normas nacionales sobre educación de la ciencia. En este texto se pueden encontrar la secuencia de experiencias que forman la investigación en ciencias.

How to be brilliant at recording in science.

Contiene hojas de trabajo estructuradas de tal forma, que desarrollan un enfoque sistemático en la investigación de la ciencia en la enseñanza primaria, especialmente, entre alumnos de siete a once años. Cumple con los planes de estudios nacionales de todo el Reino Unido. Estas hojas de trabajo, son fotocopiables y proporcionan treinta y ocho ideas, con objetivos de aprendizaje dirigidos a los niños, es decir, cada uno de ellos se centra en que éstos desarrollen una aptitud específica en cualquier aspecto de la ciencia.

Women in peace and war, 1900-1945.

Forma parte de una serie que da a conocer una parte de la historia que a menudo se pasa por alto: la historia de las mujeres y el importante papel que han desarrollado en ella. Aquí, se repasa la primera mitad del siglo XX que significó para las mujeres la incorporación al trabajo, demostrando que eran iguales a los hombres y la conquista del voto.

Good practice in science teaching : what research has to say.

Ofrece un panorama completo de las principales áreas de investigación en la enseñanza científica. Esta nueva edición incluye el aprendizaje de las ciencias en contextos informales y el desarrollo profesional del docente, así como refleja los cambios y avances habidos en su enseñanza. También, es una guía para profesores de ciencias de niños de todas las edades.

The role of working class (other women) in critical education. 'El papel de la clase trabajadora (otras mujeres) en la educación crítica'.

Monográfico con el título: 'Pedagogía crítica del S. XXI'. Resumen basado en el de la publicación

Curriculum development for gifted learners in science at Primary Level. 'Desarrollo del currículum para alumnos de Primaria con altas capacidades en las enseñanzas de ciencias'.

Resumen basado en el de la publicación. Monográfico con el título: 'Alumnos de altas capacidades : reflexiones sobre educación'

Assessment for learning : science teachers' ideas on assessment of core competences in science understanding. 'Evaluar para el aprendizaje : ideas de los profesores de ciencias sobre cómo evaluar competencias fundamentales para comprender la ciencia'.

Resumen basado en el de la publicación

The effects of question-generation training on metacognitive knowledge, self regulation and learning approaches in Science

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Women in Post –1961 Goa : Problems and Challenges

When the women of Goa begin to reminiscence about the last four and a half decades of Goan history it will be a journey of mixed responses, for the women’s movement has witnessed gains and losses, successes and failures, times of expression and times of being silenced, times of vibrant activity and times of lulls and importantly, times of prolonged protests against markets and developmental forces, and media projections. For decades the women of Goa have taken a vociferous stand against arbitrary Development practices that the Government has attempted to foist upon the people of the State and especially its women. For decades the women of Goa have demanded for a gendered perspective and an equal representation in the development processes in the State.