Urban epidemiology of labor informality in Bogotá: A neighborhood interactions approach

Usando datos georreferenciados sobre mercado laboral para la ciudad de Bogotá, se desarrolla una estrategia empírica para identificar el efecto de la tasa de informalidad en el vecindario sobre la probabilidad individual de conseguir un trabajo informal. Se encuentra evidencia de la existencia de tales efectos del vecindario. Estos efectos funcionan de forma distinta para informalidad de trabajadores asalariados o independientes.

Parametric pension reform and the intensive margin of labor supply, evidence from Colombia

We analyze the effect of a parametric reform of the fully-funded pension regime in Colombia on the intensive margin of the labor supply. We take advantage of a threshold defined by law in order to identify the causal effect using a regression discontinuity design. We find that a pension system that increases retirement age and the minimum weeks during which workers must contribute to claim pension benefits causes an increase of around 2 hours on the number of weekly worked hours; this corresponds to 4% of the average number of weekly worked hours or around 14% of a standard deviation of weekly worked hours. The effect is robust to different specifications, polynomial orders and sample sizes.

Sistema de evaluaci??n y registro del comportamiento adaptativo en el retraso mental : West Virginia-UAM

Contiene: Manual de Instrucciones, Tres cuentos; El sem??foro loco, Cuando salgo a jugar, La gallina verde, un peri??dico; Comunidad Escolar, 16 carpetas de l??minas, un paquete de hojas de ferfil, un paquete de hojas de observaci??n, 49 cuadernillos de respuestas, 2 cajas de varios objetos, 3 cuadernos, 3 cartulinas, l??minas de papel cebolla, papel de lija, una bomba de aire, un reloj, una pelota, un aro, 2 esponjas

Division of labor in Ectatomma edentatum (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)

The behavioral division of labor between queens and workers of E. edentatum was investigated under laboratory conditions. Each behavioral category of both castes was described by direct observation of the ants in the colonies. The spatial position and the behavior of each individual were recorded. A colony ethogram was constructed to determine comparatively the behavioral repertory of the 2 castes. Most of the members of the colonies, including the queens, occupied the 2nd chamber, which also contained the immature stages. Forty-two behavioral categories were recorded for the workers, and 28 for the queens. The comparison of the behavioral repertory of the 2 castes revealed that ovipositing a fecundated egg is an exclusive behavior of the queens, while the workers showed 15 exclusive behaviors. Queens were never seen foraging out of the nest. Twelve behaviors were common for both castes. Polygynic colonies have only 1 female with full-developed ovaries, which is the main egg layer of the group, a feature defining the social organization of colonies of E. edentatum as a functional monogyny.

Division of labor in pachycondyla striata Fr. Smith, 1858 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae)

Four colonies of the ant Pachycondyla striata were used to analyze the specie behavioral repertoire. Forty-six behavioral acts were recorded in laboratory. Here, we present the record the division of labor between the castes and the temporal polyethism of monomorphic workers. The queens carried out many of the behavioral traits recorded in this work however; they performed them less frequently compared to the worker. The workers activity involved chasing and feeding on fresh insects and usingthem to nourish larvae besides laying eggs in the C-posture, an activity also performed by queens, which is similar to that of wasps of the subfamily Stenogastrinae. The young workers were involved in activities of brood care, sexuate care, and nest maintenance, and the older workers were involved in defense, exploration, and foraging. © 2012 Adolfo da Silva-Melo and Edilberto Giannotti.

Division of labor in stable social hierarchy of the independent-founding wasp Mischocyttarus (Monocyttarus) cassununga, von Ihering (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Evaluating interaction with websites: Case study of a government website of the Brazilian Ministry of labor and employment

This paper presents a usability evaluation of the MTE (Ministry of Labor e Employment) website in order to measure the effectiveness, efficiency and user satisfaction regarding the website. The participants were 12 users (07 users were female and 05 male). The results indicate that although the education level of all participants and computing experience, many of them have had difficulty in finding information and do not recommend the site. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Division of labor between M and P visual pathways: different visual pathways minimize joint entropy differently

Visual perception and action are strongly linked with parallel processing channels connecting the retina, the lateral geniculate nucleus, and the input layers of the primary visual cortex. Achromatic vision is provided by at least two of such channels formed by the M and P neurons. These cell pathways are similarly organized in primates having different lifestyles, including species that are diurnal, nocturnal, and which exhibit a variety of color vision phenotypes. We describe the M and P cell properties by 3D Gábor functions and their 3D Fourier transform. The M and P cells occupy different loci in the Gábor information diagram or Fourier Space. This separation allows the M and P pathways to transmit visual signals with distinct 6D joint entropy for space, spatial frequency, time, and temporal frequency. By combining the M and P impacts on the cortical neurons beyond V1 input layers, the cortical pathways are able to process aspects of visual stimuli with a better precision than it would be possible using the M or P pathway alone. This performance fulfils the requirements of different behavioral tasks.