A critical study of John Hick's religious pluralism

This study examines the pluralistic hypothesis advanced by the late Professor John Hick viz. that all religious faiths provide equally salvific pathways to God, irrespective of their theological and doctrinal differences. The central focus of the study is a critical examination of (a) the epistemology of religious experience as advanced by Professor Hick, (b) the ontological status of the being he understands to be God, and further asks (c) to what extent can the pluralistic view of religious experience be harmonised with the experience with which the Christian life is understood to begin viz. regeneration. Tracing the theological journey of Professor Hick from fundamentalist Christian to religious pluralist, the study notes the reasons given for Hick’s gradual disengagement from the Christian faith. In addition to his belief that the pre-scientific worldview of the Bible was obsolete and passé, Hick took the view that modern biblical scholarship could not accommodate traditionally held Christian beliefs. He conceded that the Incarnation, if true, would be decisive evidence for the uniqueness of Christianity, but rejected the same on the grounds of logical incoherence. This study affirms the view that the doctrine of the Incarnation occupies a place of crucial importance within world religion, but rejects the claim of incoherence. Professor Hick believed that God’s Spirit was at work in all religions, producing a common religious experience, or spiritual awakening to God. The soteriological dimension of this spiritual awakening, he suggests, finds expression as the worshipper turns away from self-centredness to the giving of themselves to God and others. At the level of epistemology he further argued that religious experience itself provided the rational basis for belief in God. The study supports the assertion by Professor Hick that religious experience itself ought to be trusted as a source of knowledge and this on the principle of credulity, which states that a person’s claim to perceive or experience something is prima facie justified, unless there are compelling reasons to the contrary. Hick’s argument has been extensively developed and defended by philosophers such as Alvin Plantinga and William Alston. This confirms the importance of Hick’s contribution to the philosophy of religion, and further establishes his reputation within the field as an original thinker. It is recognised in this thesis, however, that in affirming only the rationality of belief, but not the obligation to believe, Professor Hick’s epistemology is not fully consistent with a Christian theology of revelation. Christian theology views the created order as pre-interpreted and unambiguous in its testimony to God’s existence. To disbelieve in God’s existence is to violate one’s epistemic duty by suppressing the truth. Professor Hick’s critical realist principle, which he regards as the key to understanding what is happening in the different forms of religious experience, is examined within this thesis. According to the critical realist principle, there are realities external to us, yet we are never aware of them as they are in themselves, but only as they appear to us within our particular cognitive machinery and conceptual resources. All awareness of God is interpreted through the lens of pre-existing, culturally relative religious forms, which in turn explains the differing theologies within the world of religion. The critical realist principle views God as unknowable, in the sense that his inner nature is beyond the reach of human conceptual categories and linguistic systems. Professor Hick thus endorses and develops the view of God as ineffable, but employs the term transcategorial when speaking of God’s ineffability. The study takes the view that the notion of transcategoriality as developed by Professor Hick appears to deny any ontological status to God, effectively arguing him out of existence. Furthermore, in attributing the notion of transcategoriality to God, Professor Hick would appear to render incoherent his own fundamental assertion that we can know nothing of God that is either true or false. The claim that the experience of regeneration with which the Christian life begins can be classed as a mere species of the genus common throughout all faiths, is rejected within this thesis. Instead it is argued that Christian regeneration is a distinctive experience that cannot be reduced to a salvific experience, defined merely as an awareness of, or awakening to, God, followed by a turning away from self to others. Professor Hick argued against any notion that the Christian community was the social grouping through which God’s Spirit was working in an exclusively redemptive manner. He supported his view by drawing attention to (a) the presence, at times, of comparable or higher levels of morality in world religion, when contrasted with that evidenced by the followers of Christ, and (b) the presence, at times, of demonstrably lower levels of morality in the followers of Christ, when contrasted with the lives of other religious devotees. These observations are fully supported, but the conclusion reached is rejected, on the grounds that according to Christian theology the saving work of God’s Spirit is evidenced in a life that is changing from what it was before. Christian theology does not suggest or demand that such lives at every stage be demonstrably superior, when contrasted with other virtuous or morally upright members of society. The study concludes by paying tribute to the contribution Professor Hick has made to the field of the epistemology of religious experience.

MAREL Carnot. Bilan d’une surveillance à haute fréquence en zone côtière sous influence anthropique (Boulogne-sur-Mer). Bilan de l’année 2015 Rapport N°10

Installée dans la rade de Boulogne-sur-Mer et inaugurée le 25 novembre 2004, la station MAREL Carnot mesure toutes les 20 minutes la salinité, la température de l’eau et de l’air, la fluorescence, la turbidité, la concentration en oxygène dissous, le pourcentage de saturation en oxygène, le P.A.R., l’humidité relative, la direction et la vitesse du vent, la hauteur d’eau et toutes les 12 heures, la concentration en nitrate, en phosphate et en silicium. Ce rapport vise à présenter les principaux éléments utiles à l’utilisateur des données afin de pouvoir adapter son étude en fonction de la disponibilité des données, de leur qualité et bien entendu de son objectif. Les résultats des paramètres fluorescence, turbidité, concentration en oxygène, température de l’eau sont présentés de manière plus détaillée afin de mettre en évidence les cycles saisonniers caractéristiques, la variabilité inter-annuelle et les éventuelles tendances.

Justice envers les enfants et légitimité politique en éducation

L’idée selon laquelle les enfants sont des sujets à part entière de considérations de justice n’est pas très contestée. Les enfants ont des intérêts qui leur sont propres et ont un statut moral indépendant de leurs parents : ils ne sont ni la propriété de ces derniers ni une simple extension de leur personne. Pourtant, les travaux des plus grands théoriciens de la justice en philosophie politique contemporaine ne contiennent pas de discussion systématique du statut moral et politique des enfants et du contenu de nos obligations à leur égard. Cette thèse contribue à remédier à cette omission à travers l’examen de quatre grandes questions principales. (1) Quelles sont les obligations de justice de l’état libéral envers les enfants ? (2) Quels types de politiques publiques en matière d’éducation des enfants sont moralement légitimes ? (3) Jusqu’à quel point est-il moralement acceptable pour les parents de délibérément forger la vision du monde de leurs enfants ? (4) Quels critères moraux devraient guider l’élaboration de politiques en matière d’éducation morale dans les écoles ? Cette thèse est constituée de quatre articles. Le premier, « Political Liberalism and Children’s Education », aborde les questions du fondement normatif et des implications du principe de ‘neutralité éducative’ ou ‘anti-perfectionnisme éducatif’. Selon ce principe, il n’est pas légitime pour l’État libéral de délibérément promouvoir, à travers ses politiques publiques en éducation, une conception particulière de la vie bonne. L’article défend les idées suivantes. D’abord, ledit principe est exclusivement fondé sur des raisons de justice envers les parents. Ensuite, l’anti-perfectionnisme libéral n’est pas, pour autant, ‘mauvais pour les enfants’, puisqu’une vaste gamme d’interventions politiques dans la vie familiale et l’éducation des enfants sont, de manière surprenante, justifiables dans ce cadre théorique. Le deuxième article, « On the Permissibility of Shaping Children’s Values », examine la question de savoir si les parents ont un droit moral de forger délibérément l’identité, la conception du monde et les valeurs de leurs enfants. L’article développe une critique de la conception anti-perfectionniste des devoirs parentaux et propose un nouvel argument libéral à l’appui d’un droit parental conditionnel de forger l’identité de leurs enfants. L’article introduit également une distinction importante entre les notions d’éducation compréhensive et d’« enrôlement » compréhensif. Le troisième article, « Common Education and the Practice of Liberal Neutrality: The Loyola High School Case », défend trois thèses principales à travers une analyse normative de l’affaire juridique de l’école Loyola. Premièrement, il est légitime pour l’État libéral d’adopter un modèle d’éducation commune fort. Deuxièmement, la thèse selon laquelle la neutralité comme approche éducative serait impossible est injustifiée. Troisièmement, il existe néanmoins de bonnes raisons pour l’État libéral d’accommoder plusieurs écoles religieuses qui rejettent le modèle de la neutralité. Le quatrième article, « Which Moral Issues Should be Taught as Controversial? », critique à la fois le critère ‘épistémique’ dominant pour déterminer quels enjeux moraux devraient être enseignés aux jeunes comme ‘controversés’, et à la fois la manière dont le débat sur l’enseignement des enjeux controversés fut construit au cours des dernières années, d’un point de vue substantiel et méthodologique. L’article propose une manière alternative d’aborder le débat, laquelle prend adéquatement en compte la pluralité des objectifs de l’éducation et un ensemble d’autres considérations morales pertinentes.

Un drone marin écoresponsable vogue en Nouvelle-Calédonie

This text presents and explicits the story of a marine drone: the Wave Glider, designed and developed by Liquid Robotics, an American company of the Silicon Valley. The text specifies its functioning, directly dependent on energies that are the swell and the sun and its technical characteristics authorizing a set of measures of in situ parameters (sea temperature, salinity, currents, marine acoustics, video but also meteorological data acquisitions). A set of scientific or operational applications is also introduced. A detail is supplied on the first experience led in New Caledonia: inaugural mission of the drone Wave Glider, property of the Company Assystem, for a route between Nouméa and Lifou and return. Several perspectives of use of such a tool in New Caledonia and in the Pacific are proposed.

CATARINA 2012-Leg 1 - CTD-O2 Data report

The CATARINA Leg1 cruise was carried out from June 22 to July 24 2012 on board the B/O Sarmiento de Gamboa, under the scientific supervision of Aida Rios (CSIC-IIM). It included the occurrence of the OVIDE hydrological section that was performed in June 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008 and 2010, as part of the CLIVAR program (name A25) ), and under the supervision of Herlé Mercier (CNRSLPO). This section begins near Lisbon (Portugal), runs through the West European Basin and the Iceland Basin, crosses the Reykjanes Ridge (300 miles north of Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone, and ends at Cape Hoppe (southeast tip of Greenland). The objective of this repeated hydrological section is to monitor the variability of water mass properties and main current transports in the basin, complementing the international observation array relevant for climate studies. In addition, the Labrador Sea was partly sampled (stations 101-108) between Greenland and Newfoundland, but heavy weather conditions prevented the achievement of the section south of 53°40’N. The quality of CTD data is essential to reach the first objective of the CATARINA project, i.e. to quantify the Meridional Overturning Circulation and water mass ventilation changes and their effect on the changes in the anthropogenic carbon ocean uptake and storage capacity. The CATARINA project was mainly funded by the Spanish Ministry of Sciences and Innovation and co-funded by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional. The hydrological OVIDE section includes 95 surface-bottom stations from coast to coast, collecting profiles of temperature, salinity, oxygen and currents, spaced by 2 to 25 Nm depending on the steepness of the topography. The position of the stations closely follows that of OVIDE 2002. In addition, 8 stations were carried out in the Labrador Sea. From the 24 bottles closed at various depth at each stations, samples of sea water are used for salinity and oxygen calibration, and for measurements of biogeochemical components that are not reported here. The data were acquired with a Seabird CTD (SBE911+) and an SBE43 for the dissolved oxygen, belonging to the Spanish UTM group. The software SBE data processing was used after decoding and cleaning the raw data. Then, the LPO matlab toolbox was used to calibrate and bin the data as it was done for the previous OVIDE cruises, using on the one hand pre and post-cruise calibration results for the pressure and temperature sensors (done at Ifremer) and on the other hand the water samples of the 24 bottles of the rosette at each station for the salinity and dissolved oxygen data. A final accuracy of 0.002°C, 0.002 psu and 0.04 ml/l (2.3 umol/kg) was obtained on final profiles of temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen, compatible with international requirements issued from the WOCE program.

Etude écologique de projet. Site de Flamanville. 1er cycle. Traitements mathématiques, Rapport général, Annexes

The study of a first annual hydrobiological cycle on the site of Flamanville was carried out through 19 campaigns conducted between July 76 and June 77. Twelve of them are considered as "heavy" and took place on the following dates: July 8th, 76; August 6th, September 4th, October 3rd, November 3rd, December 16th, January 5th, 77; February 2nd, March 3rd, April 14th, May 10th and May 24th. Seven campaigns consist only in one sample July 23rd, 76; August 21st, September 16th, November 19th, January 19th, 77; February 17th and June 16th. However, some variables which had not been measured during these "light" missions have not been taken into account for the analysis. A first global analysis groups together the first ten campaigns (in May, the nutritive salts had not been measured) and presents the annual variations of nine parameters: temperature, salinity, oxygen, nitrates (N0 3), nitrites (N0 2), phosphates (P0 4), silicates (Si0 2), chlorophyll and pheopigments. A second study of the annual hydrobiological cycle includes all campaigns but only five variables: temperature, salinity, oxygen, chlorophyll and pheopigments.

Vivendo paradigmas alternativos. Experiências in-vitro de sociedades futuras

Mestrado em Engenharia do Ambiente - Instituto Superior de Agronomia - UL

Patología andina relacionada al uso de plantas medicinales en los mercados 10 de Agosto, el Arenal y 9 de Octubre, de la Ciudad de Cuenca, 2015

Antecedentes: en Cuenca el uso de plantas medicinales en patologías tradicionales según la cosmovisión andina se mantiene vigente, en los mercados es habitual ver personas que buscan esta medicina, haciendo importante un estudio de la problemática. Objetivo: estudiar las patologías andinas relacionadas al uso de plantas medicinales en los mercados 10 de Agosto, el Arenal y 9 de Octubre de la ciudad de Cuenca. Método: investigación cualitativa, enfoque narrativo e interpretativo, con participación de seis mujeres de sabiduría de los mercados de Cuenca. Las técnicas empleadas: observación directa y entrevistas semi-estructuradas, diario de campo, grabaciones y fotografías. Los datos se procesaron en categorías y diagramas en Atlas.ti, se presentan en narraciones y esquemas. Resultados: las patologías andinas tratadas comúnmente; en el recién nacido, el mal de ojo; lactantes, el espanto; escolares, el shungo; adolescentes y adultos los nervios. Etiologías: estación del año, ambientes desagradables, castigo divino y causas humanas. Sintomatología compromete el estado general: irritabilidad, llanto y decaimiento. Tratamiento: fe cristiana, ritual de limpia y herramientas complementarias. Para la limpia se usa un atado de plantas medicinales, las más utilizadas: chilchil, ruda, eucalipto y flor de guano. Conclusiones: La patología andina tiene leyes y principios propios, las enfermedades mayormente atendidas: el mal de ojo, espanto, mal aire y shungo. Sintomatología es de tipo general. El tratamiento se basa en el ritual con el atado de plantas medicinales y el huevo de gallina. Cada enfermedad se explica en base a una medicina de tipo mágico-religiosa.

Uso de plantas medicinales según la cosmovisión en andina,por parte de los hombre y mujeres de sabiduría, en la parroquia El Valle, Cuenca, 2015

Antecedentes: la medicina andina se aplica desde hace muchos siglos en nuestro territorio, ha sido heredada de generación a generación en las comunidades indígenas; este conocimiento ancestral es menospreciado ya sea por desconocimiento o por falta de interés; y no es suficientemente estudiado en el sistema de la medicina occidental. Objetivo: conocer el uso de plantas medicinales en la comunidad de El Valle por parte de hombres y mujeres de sabiduría ancestral, según la cosmovisión andina. Materiales y métodos: el presente es un estudio cualitativo de orden narrativo, para determinar el uso de las plantas medicinales aplicadas en la parroquia de El Valle, cantón Cuenca, mediante el análisis de entrevistas a hombres y mujeres de sabiduría ancestral, con cuestionarios previamente realizados; luego se procesaron y analizaron en el software para datos cualitativos Atlas ti, y finalmente se construye una memoria en relatos y diagramas. Resultados: las plantas medicinales más utilizadas son el altamiso, la ruda, agua de sauco, la zarzaparrilla, el eucalipto; se utilizan como infusión, en maceración y baños. Las enfermedades que tratan son occidentales y tradicionales, dentro de las primeras están estrés, diarrea y patologías del aparato respiratorias, las patologías tradicionales son, el mal de ojo, mal de aire y el espanto

Representera och bli representerad : Elever med religiös positionering talar om skolans religionskunskapsundervisning

Hur kan lärare på bästa sätt möta elever med religiös positionering i religionskunskapsklassrummet?  Hur kan undervisningen utformas för att ge religiösa traditioner en framställning som elever med religiös positionering kan acceptera, relatera till och kanske också lära nytt av? Den här religionsdidaktiska studien handlar om hur elever som positionerar sig inom muslimsk, kristen, buddhistisk och judisk tradition talar om skolans religionskunskapsundervisning. Studien berör tre teman. För det första undersöks mötet mellan undervisningsinnehåll och elevernas erfarenheter av sin egen religiösa tradition och tro. För det andra riktas uppmärksamheten mot hur eleverna talar om sina erfarenheter av att vara eller att förväntas vara representant för sin egen tradition i undervisningen. Ett tredje tema handlar om hur eleverna beskriver ramar och förutsättningar för religionskunskapsundervisningen. Intervjumaterialet har analyserats med hjälp av kritisk diskursanalys. Resultaten visar bland annat att eleverna har svårt att känna igen och relatera till sin egen tradition i undervisningen. De befarar att undervisningen snarare förstärker än dekonstruerar stereotypa föreställningar om religion och religiöst liv. 

The Strange Case of Eugenics: A Subject’s Ontogeny in a Long-Lived Classification Scheme and the Question of Collocative Integrity

Classification schemes are built at a particular point in time; at inception, they reflect a worldview indicative of that time. This is their strength, but results in potential weak- nesses as worldviews change. For example, if a scheme of mathematics is not updated even though the state of the art has changed, then it is not a very useful scheme to users for the purposes of information retrieval. However, change in schemes is a good thing. Changing allows designers of schemes to update their model and serves as a responsible mediator between resources and users. But change does come at a cost. In the print world, we revise universal clas- sification schemes—sometimes in drastic ways—and this means that over time, the power of a classification scheme to collocate is compromised if we do not account for scheme change in the organization of affected physical resources. If we understand this phenomenon in the print world, we can design ameliorations for the digital world.

Fringe Types and KOS Systematics: Examining the Limits of the Population Perspective of Knowledge Organization Systems

We find ourselves, after the close of the twentieth century, looking back at a mass of responses to the knowledge organization problem. Many institutions, such as the Dewey Decimal Classification (Furner, 2007), have grown up to address it. Increasingly, many diverse discourses are appropriating the problem and crafting a wide variety of responses. This includes many artistic interpretations of the act and products of knowledge organization. These surface as responses to the expressive power or limits of the Library and Information Studies institutions (e.g., DDC) and their often primarily utilitarian gaze.One way to make sense of this diversity is to approach the study from a descriptive stance, inventorying the population of types of KOS. This population perspective approaches the phenomenon of types and boundaries of Knowledge Organization Systems (KOS) as one that develops out of particular discourses, for particular purposes. For example, both DDC and Martianus Capella, a 5th Century encyclopedist, are KOS in this worldview. Both are part of the population of KOS. Approaching the study of KOS from the population perspective allows the researcher a systematic look at the diversity emergent at the constellation of different factors of design and implementation. However, it is not enough to render a model of core types, but we have to also consider the borders of KOS. Fringe types of KOS inform research, specifically to the basic principles of design and implementation used by others outside of the scholarly and professional discourse of Library and Information Studies.Four examples of fringe types of KOS are presented in this paper. Applying a rubric developed in previous papers, our aim here is to show how the conceptual anatomy of these fringe types relates to more established KOS, thereby laying bare the definitions of domain, purpose, structure, and practice. Fringe types, like Beghtol’s examples (2003), are drawn from areas outside of Library and Information Studies proper, and reflect the reinvention of structures to fit particular purposes in particular domains. The four fringe types discussed in this paper are (1) Roland Barthes’ text S/Z which “indexes” a text of an essay with particular “codes” that are meant to expose the literary rhythm of the work; (2) Mary Daly’s Wickedary, a reference work crafted for radical liberation theology – and specifically designed to remove patriarchy from the language used by what the author calls “wild women”; (3) Luigi Serafini’s Codex Seraphinianus a work of book art that plays on the trope of universal encyclopedia and back-of- the book index; and (4) Martinaus Capella – and his Marriage of Mercury and Philology, a fifth century encyclopedia. We compared these using previous analytic taxonomies (Wright, 2008; Tennis, 2006; Tudhope, 2006, Soergel, 2001, Hodge, 2000).

The application of symphytosociology in landscape architecture in the Western Mediterranean

This essay addresses the application of indigenous plants in Landscape Architecture projects, based on studies carried out in the field of phytosociology and sinphytosociology. Through this knowledge, it is possible to increase and improve the use of indigenous plants in Projects, aiming at the preservation of biodiversity. Thus, to better understand the western Mediterranean territory, we present a brief biophysical characterization, in which we point out the main factors which contribute to the ground coverage’s distribution in the landscape, namely, concerning climate (oceanity, ombroclimate and thermoclimate) and substrate (geology and lithology). In view of the high level of uniqueness of the identified conditions, a synthesis of the potential main existing climatophilous woods is carried out, regarding sinphytosocialogical class/order, furthermore, pointing out, the main serial stages, their vegetation bioindicators and the ecological peculiarities of each stage (regressive or progressive). Therefore, based on the study area, we point out the vegetation bioindicator’s value as a work tool during analysis, thus allowing us to understand the existing edaphoclimatic conditions, as well as to elaborate a quick diagnosis of each potential climatophilous vegetation series. Moreover, based on the main stages of substitution, it is also possible to identify the presence of endemic plants, or under protection status, and finally, the conservation state of the study area. Further ahead, in project proposal phase, based on information gathered previously, we point out the possibility of elaborating a list of plants correctly adapted to the existing mesologicall conditions. Thus, within each serial stage, the necessary ecological conditions for a correct adaption of the vegetation material are referred, therefore, avoiding possible limiting factors to their development, such as precipitation, soil erosion, light availability, salinity, among many others. Lastly, some considerations are made about the main ideas that should be remembered throughout this essay, namely, regarding the importance of the use of sinphytosociology’s knowledge as an analysis tool, as well as of high interest for the elaboration of proposals which aim at the floristic heritage’s conservation and the landscape’s scenic quality. Ce travail traite de l`application de plantes autochtones dans des projets d`Architecture Paysagiste ayant pour base des études réalisées dans le cadre de la phytosociologie et Symphytosociologie. À travers ces connaissances, il est possible d`incrémenter et améliorer l`utilisation de plantes autochtones dans les Projets basés sur la conservation de la biodiversité. Ainsi, afin de mieux comprendre le territorie de la méditérrannée occidentale, on présente une brève caractérisation biophysique, dans laquelle nous soulignons les principaux facteurs qui contribuent à la répartition de la végétation dans le paysage, notamment au niveau climatique (l`océanité, ombrothermique et thermoclimatique) et du substrat (géologie et lithologie). Face aux conditions, identifiées ci-dessus, élévées en originalité, il est utile d`élaborer une synthèse des principaux bois potentiels climatophiles existants au niveau de la classe/ordre symphitosociologique, en soulignant également les principales étapes de série, leurs bioindicateurs végétaux et aux particularités écologiques de chaque étape (régressive ou progressive). Ainsi, sur la base de l`interprétation de la zone d`étude, le bioindicateur végétal se distingue comme un outil de travail durant l`analyse, permettant de cette façon comprendre les conditions édapho-climatiques existantes, ainsi comme élaborer un rapide diagnostic de chaque série de végétation potentielle climatophile. En outre, sur la base des principales étapes de remplacement, il est également possible d`identifier la présence de plantes endémiques, ou avec un statut de protection et enfin l`état de conservation de la zone d`étude. Déjà au stade de proposition du projet, basée sur l`information recueillie précédemment, il y a la possibilité d`établir une liste de plantes bien adaptées aux conditions mésologiques. Ainsi, dans chaque étape de série, les conditions écologiques nécessaires à une bonne adaptation de la matière végétale sont référées, évitant ainsi des facteurs limitant à son développement, tels que les précipitations, l`érosion des soís, disponibilité de la lumière, de la salinité, parmi beaucoup d`autres. Et enfin, quelques considérations se tissent sur les principales idées à retenir tout au long du travail, notamment l`importance d`utiliser la connaissance de la symphytosociologie comme un outil d`analyse d`un grand intérêt pour la développement de propositions pour la conservation du patrimoine floristique et la qualité pittoresque du paysage.

Desmitificaciones, historia y símbolos: los héroes impuros (Rosibel Morera)

In this article I analize the novel Los héroes impuros by the Costa Rican authoress Rosibel Morera. The analytical categories used include, from the elimination of absolute historical facts, all the way to the notion of eternal return (Mircea Eliade), processes of idolization, and the various symbols appearing on the text. Examination of these categories shows the characters´ duality because of their universality, and also the worldview and the conception of literature held by Morera.

Análise da evolução do uso da terra na zonal rural de Campinas, SP, de 2012 a 2014.

A expansão das áreas urbanizadas sobre as áreas rurais faz com que os locais de produção agrícola e de vegetação nativa percam espaço para as áreas com solo impermeabilizado. Estudar alterações no uso do solo ao longo do tempo, focando nas áreas rurais, permite entender o processo de urbanização e os seus impactos na zonal rural. A área de estudo compreende a zona rural do Município de Campinas, SP. Para a análise do uso do solo, foram utilizadas imagens de alta resolução (satélite WorldView 2, resolução de 0,5 m) do ano de 2014, que foram comparadas às imagens para o ano de 2012. Foram definidas as classes de uso do solo: corpo d'água (CA), vegetação herbácea (VH), vegetação arbórea (VA), área de silvicultura (AS), área de lavouras (AL), solo exposto (SE) e área urbanizada (AU). A análise das imagens por interpretação visual revelou que as classes VA (231 ha), SE (251 ha) e AU (67 ha) aumentaram 3,79%, 58,25% e 3,20%, respectivamente. Esses aumentos ocorreram principalmente em antigas áreas de VH, classe que teve sua área reduzida em 448 ha, ou seja, diminuiu 2%. O avanço sobre as áreas anteriormente identificadas como VH e AL deu-se principalmente por SE, possivelmente utilizado para loteamentos ou obras de infraestrutura, como estradas. O crescimento de VA sugere abandono de áreas e regeneração da vegetação.