Recuperação renovável de Mg a partir de MgO através da utilização concertada de laser solar e de concentrador solar

Apesar do elevado potencial do metal magnésio como material útil em várias áreas cien-tíficas e tecnológicas, os seus métodos de produção tradicionais têm um impacto fortemente prejudicial no ambiente e um custo elevado. Este facto é um incentivo à procura de novas so-luções, nomeadamente as que recorrem à utilização da radiação solar partindo do óxido de magnésio. Alguns estudos têm já sido feitos nesse sentido, utilizando laser solar ou radiação solar concentrada mas a utilização concertada dos dois não tinha sido feita até ao momento. Neste trabalho, a exequibilidade da utilização concertada destes dois métodos será avaliada e será estudado o comportamento do óxido de magnésio face à radiação que nele incide.

Melhoramento e automatização de um sistema de revestimento com laser

O revestimento com laser permite criar revestimentos localizados pela adição de uma liga similar ou dissimilar. O revestimento visa melhorar as características da superfície metálica, tais como a dureza, a resistência ao desgaste por atrito, à corrosão e à fadiga térmica dos componentes sujeitos a condições adversas de trabalho por prolongados períodos de tempo. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo o melhoramento da configuração, a automatização do sistema de revestimento com laser do Laboratório de Laser do Instituto Superior Técnico (IST) da Universidade de Lisboa, utilizado pelo Centro de Física e Engenharia de Materiais Avançados do Instituto Superior Técnico – CeFEMA e a realização de ensaios de deposições com o fim de validação. Foram estudadas as configurações possíveis para o sistema de posicionamento da amostra, do laser e a configuração para o posicionamento com precisão do bocal de adição de pós ao banho de fusão. Após este estudo foram apresentadas e implementadas as propostas de melhoria do sistema inicial. Para tornar o sistema funcional, foi desenvolvido um controlador para comandar as três guias motorizadas de movimento linear OWIS, o laser IPG YLR e o alimentador de pós PLASMA-TECHNIK. Para simplificar a utilização aos investigadores do CeFEMA foi ainda desenvolvida uma interface gráfica que permite ao utilizador definir os principais parâmetros do processo Para a validação do trabalho desenvolvido foram realizados diversos ensaios de deposição da liga Ti52Ta num substrato de titânio. Através dos ensaios de deposição foi estudada a influência de alguns parâmetros do processo na geometria do revestimento obtido, como a altura, a profundidade, o ângulo do cordão, a diluição entre o material de adição e o substrato, tendo ainda sido estudada a influência dos parâmetros do processo na eficiência de deposição.

Building 3D City Models: Testing and Comparing Laser Scanning and Low-Cost UAV Data Using FOSS Technologies

Contém resumo

Welle tecnologia laser internationalization analysis US market

Welle Laser is a Brazilian company that manufactures marking and engraving machines mainly for large-scale industry segments providing solutions that help increase productivity. Welle laser has 60% market share in Brazil and decided to go internationally in 2015, mainly to increase revenues and diversify business risks. Welle opened an office in Switzerland and celebrated a contract with a Mexican company to distribute their machines in Mexico. The next step for Welle is expanding its operation to USA. In my project I accessed the viability and reasons to enter the US market, the region where Welle should start its operation, and the best entry mode strategy.

Otimização dos parâmetros de processamento em Laser Melting

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Mecânica

Surface plasmon resonance-coupled photoluminescence and resistive switching behavior of pulsed laser-deposited Ag:SiC nanocermet thin films

In this study, Ag:SiC nanocermets were prepared via rapid thermal annealing (RTA) of pulsed laser-deposited SiC/Ag/SiC trilayers grown on Si substrate. Atomic force microscope images show that silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are formed after RTA, and the size of NPs increases with increasing Ag deposition time (t Ag). Sharp dip observed in the reflectance spectra confirmed the existence of Ag surface plasmons (SPs). The infrared transmission spectra showed an intense and broad absorption band around 780–800 cm−1 that can be assigned to Si-C stretching vibration mode. Influence of t Ag on the spectral characteristics of SP-enhanced photoluminescence (PL) and electrical properties of silicon carbide (SiC) films has been investigated. The maximum PL enhancement by 5.5 times for Ag:SiC nanocermets is achieved when t Ag ≈ 50 s. This enhancement is due to the strong resonant coupling between SiC and the SP oscillations of the Ag NPs. Presence of Ag NPs in SiC also induces a forming-free resistive switching with switching ratio of 2 × 10−2. The analysis of I–V curves demonstrates that the trap-controlled space-charge-limited conduction with filamentary model is the governing mechanism for the resistive switching in nanocerment thin films.

Structural, optical and magnetic properties of pulsed laser deposited Co-doped ZnO films

Zn1−xCoxO films with different Co concentrations (with x=0.00, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.30) were grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. The structural and optical properties of the films were investigated by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL). The magnetic properties were measured by conventional magnetometry using a SQUID and simulated by ab-initio calculations using Korring–Khon–Rostoker (KKR) method combined with coherent potential approximation (CPA). The effect of Co-doping on the GIXRD and Raman peaks positions, shape and intensity is discussed. PL studies demonstrate that Co-doping induces a decrease of the bandgap energy and quenching of the UV emission. They also suggest the presence of Zn interstitials when x≥0.15. The 10% Co-doped ZnO film shows ferromagnetism at 390 K with a spontaneous magnetic moment ≈4×10−5 emu and coercive field ≈0.17 kOe. The origin of ferromagnetism is explained based on the calculations using KKR method.

Light-controlled resistive switching in laser-assisted annealed Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 thin films

In this work, Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 (BST)/ITO structures were grown on glass substrate and laser assisted annealing (LAA) was performed to promote the crystallization of BST. Atomic force microscopy and X-ray diffraction studies confirm the crack free and polycrystalline perovskite phase of BST. White light controlled resistive switching (RS) effect in Au/BST/ITO device is investigated. The device displays the electroforming-free bipolar RS characteristics and are explained by the modulationof the width and height of barrier at the BST/ITO interface via ferroelectric polarization. Moreover, the RS effect is signifi- cantly improved under white light illumination compared to that in the dark. The enhanced RS and photovoltaic effects are explained by considering depolarization field and charge distribution at the interface. The devices exhibit stable retention characteristics with low currents (mA), which make them attractive for non volatile memory devices.

Comparing different methods to measure biofilm thickness: the techniques are: optical coherence tomography, confocal laser scanning microscopy and low load compression test

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Biomédica (área de especialização em Engenharia Clínica)

Evaluation of the performance of steel fibre reinforced self-compacting concrete in elevated slab systems; from the material to the structure

Degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Structural/Civil Engineering

Transmyocardial laser revascularization. Early clinical experience

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the initial clinical experience of transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMLR) in patients with severe diffuse coronary artery disease. METHODS: Between February, 1998 and February, 1999, 20 patients were submitted to TMLR at the Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil, isolated or in association with conventional coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). All patients had severe diffuse coronary artery disease, with angina functional class III/IV (Canadian Cardiovascular Society score) unresponsive to medical therapy. Fourteen patients were submitted to TMLR as the sole therapy, whereas 6 underwent concomitant CABG. Fifty per cent of the patients had either been previously submitted to a CABG or to a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Mean age was 60 years, ranging from 45 to 74 years. RESULTS: All patients had three-vessel disease, with normal or mildly impaired left ventricular global function. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 13 months (mean 6.6 months), with no postoperative short or long term mortality. There was significant symptom improvement after the procedure, with 85% of the patients free of angina, and the remaining 15 % of the patients showing improvement in functional class, as well as in exercise tolerance. CONCLUSION: This novel technique can be considered a low risk alternative for a highly selected group of patients not suitable for conventional revascularization procedures.

In-stent restenosis. Acute and long-term outcomes after excimer laser coronary angioplasty

OBJETIVE: With the increased use of intracoronary stents, in-stent restenosis has become a clinically significant drawback in invasive cardiology. We retrospectively assessed the short- and long-term outcomes after excimer laser coronary angioplasty of in-stent restenosis. METHODS: Twenty-five patients with 33 incidents of in-stent restenosis treated with excimer laser coronary angioplasty (ELCA) were analyzed. Sixty-six percent were males, mean age of 73±11 years, and 83% were functional class III-IV (NYHA). ELCA was performed using 23 concentric and 10 eccentric catheters with a diameter of 1.6-2.2 mm, followed by balloon angioplasty (PTCA) and ultrasound monitoring. The procedure was performed in the following vessels: left anterior descending artery, 10; left circumflex artery, 8; right coronary artery, 6; left main coronary artery, 2; and venous bypass graft, 7. RESULTS: The ELCA was successful in 71% of the cases, and PTCA was 100% successful. The diameter of the treated vessels was 3.44±0.5mm; the minimal luminal diameter (MLD) increased from 0.30mm pre-ECLA to 1.97mm post-ELCA, and to 2.94mm post-PTCA (p<0.001). The percent stenosis was reduced from 91.4±9.5% before ECLA to 42.3±14.9% after ELCA and to 14.6 ± 9.3% after PTCA (p<0.001). Seventeen (68%) patients were asymptomatic at 6 months and 15 (60%) at 1 year. New restenosis rates were 8/33 (24.2%) at 6 months and 9 /33 (27.3%) at 12 months. CONCLUSION: ELCA is safe and effective for the treatment of in-stent restenosis. In the present sample, a slight increase in new restenotic lesions between 6 and 12 months was found.

Laser assisted extraction of pacemaker and implantable defibrillator leads

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the results of laser-assisted extraction of permanent pacemaker and defibrillator leads. METHODS: We operated upon 36 patients, whose mean age was 54.2 years, and extracted 56 leads. The reasons for extracting the leads were as follows: infection in 19 patients, elective replacement in 13, and other causes in 4 patients. The mean time of catheter placement was 7.5±5.5 years. Forty-seven leads were from pacemakers, and 9 were from defibrillators. Thirty-eight leads were in use, 14 had been abandoned in the pacemaker pocket, and 4 had been abandoned inside the venous system. RESULTS: We successfully extracted 54 catheters, obtaining a 96.4% rate of success and an 82.1% rate for complete extraction. The 2 unsuccessful cases were due to the presence of calcium in the trajectory of the lead. The mean duration of laser light application was 123.0±104.5 s, using 5,215.2±4,924.0 pulses, in a total of 24.4±24.2 cycles of application. Thirty-four leads were extracted from the myocardium with countertraction after complete progression of the laser sheath, 12 leads came loose during the progression of the laser sheath, and the remaining 10 were extracted with other maneuvers. One patient experienced cardiac tamponade after extraction of the defibrillator lead, requiring open emergency surgery. CONCLUSION: The use of the excimer laser allowed extraction of the leads with a 96% rate of success; it was not effective in 2 patients who had calcification on the lead. One patient (2.8%) had a complication that required cardiac surgery on an emergency basis.

Evaluación del efecto del láser y magnetoterapia en miopatía experimental valorando biomarcadores de estrés oxidativo, histomorfometría y actividad enzimática mitocondrial. Evaluation of the effect of laser and magnetic therapy in experimental myopathy assessing oxidative stress biomarkers, histomorphometry and mitochondrial enzyme activity

El láser de baja y media energía y la magnetoterapia son utilizados en desórdenes osteomioarticulares por sus efectos analgésico, antiinflamatorio y trófico, entre los más destacados. Sin embargo, son insuficientes las investigaciones sobre su mecanismo de acción y antecedentes científicos que avalen sus efectos. Es por ello, que la determinación de acontecimientos celulares y moleculares que ocurren durante la interacción de estos tipos de energía con el sistema muscular, sería relevante para el conocimiento y optimización de tales terapias en las ciencias biomédicas. En las miopatías inflamatorias idiopáticas, se encuentra afectada la estructura, morfología y bioquímica del tejido muscular. La energía que éste requiere para el normal funcionamiento es generada en la mitocondria. Esta organela también es la responsable de la generación de especies oxidantes provocando estrés oxidativo y el inicio de los procesos de apoptosis. Por lo antes dicho, consideramos que la determinación de los biomarcadores inflamatorios asociados a estrés oxidativo, realizando el análisis histomorfométrico ultraestructural y valorando la actividad de los complejos enzimáticos mitocondriales, permitiría una evaluación de la acción terapéutica del láser y la magnetoterapia en un modelo experimental de miopatía. Para ello se propone evaluar el efecto de la magnetoterapia y del láser de baja energía (He-Ne y As.Ga) en miopatía experimental determinando indicadores inflamatorios asociados a estrés oxidativo, análisis histomorfométrico y valoración de la actividad enzimática mitocondrial. Específicamente: -Determinar indicadores inflamatorios y de estrés oxidativo: Oxido Nítrico, Grupos carbonilos, L-citrulina, Fibrinógeno, Superóxido dismutasa, Glutation peroxidasa y Catalasa por espectrofotometría. -Identificar los cambios anatomopatológicos del músculo esquelético por microscopía óptica (MO): cuantificación del infiltrado inflamatorio; MO de alta resolución (MOAR) y por microscopía electrónica: histomorfometría de la ultraestructura miofibrilar y mitocondrial. -Valorar las actividades enzimáticas de la citrato sintasa y de los complejos: I (NADH-ubiquinona reductasa), II (succinato-ubiquinona-reductasa) III (ubiquinona-citocromo c-reductasa) y IV (citocromo c-oxidasa); en mitocondrias de tejido muscular por espectrofotometría. -Evaluar la actividad apoptótica en las fibras musculares de los diferentes grupos por ténica de T.U.N.E.L. Las mediciones mitocondriales (por ME) y de infiltrado inflamatorio (por MO) se realizarán en un total de 5 fotos de aumentos similares en forma aleatoria por grupo estudiado (n=10). Los cambios estructurales observados se analizarán en el programa Axiovision 4.8, para cuantificar el área total ocupada, número total y grado de alteración de las mitocondrias y el porcentaje de infiltrado inflamatorio determinando el grado de inflamación. Los resultados de los datos cuantitativos se analizarán aplicando ANAVA (test de Fisher para comparaciones múltiples); y para los datos categóricos se utilizará Chi cuadrado (test de Pearson), estableciéndose un nivel de significación de p < 0.05 para todos los casos. Importancia del Proyecto: La salud y el bienestar del hombre son los logros perseguidos por las ciencias de la salud. La obtención de terapias curativas o paliativas con un mínimo de efectos colaterales para el enfermo se incluye en estos logros. Por esto y todo lo anteriormente expuesto es que consideramos de gran importancia poder esclarecer desde las ciencias básicas los efectos celulares y moleculares en modelos experimentales la acción de la terapia con láser y magnetoterapia para una aplicación clínica con base científica en todas las áreas de las Ciencias Médicas. In the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, is affected the structure, morphology and biochemistry of muscle tissue. The mitochondria is responsible for the generation of oxidizing species leading to oxidative stress and the beginning of the process of apoptosis. As said before, we consider the determination of inflammatory biomarkers related to oxidative stress, by ultrastructural morphometric analysis and assessing the activity of mitochondrial enzyme complexes, permit an evaluation of the therapeutic action of laser and magnetic therapy in an experimental model myopathy. We propose to evaluate the effect of the treatment identifying indicators in experimental inflammatory myopathy associated with oxidative stress, histomorphometric analysis and assessment of mitochondrial enzyme activity. Specifically -determining: Nitric oxide, carbonyl groups, L-citrulline, fibrinogen, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase by spectrophotometry. -Identify the pathological changes in skeletal muscle by optical microscopy (OM): quantification of the inflammatory infiltrate, OM high resolution (MOAR) and electron microscopy, histomorphometry of myofibrillar and mitochondrial ultrastructure. -Evaluate the enzymatic activity of citrate synthase and complexes: I, II, III and IV in mitochondria muscle tissue by spectrophotometry. -Evaluate apoptotic activity in muscle fibers by TUNEL technique of Mitochondrial measurements and inflammatory infiltration (by OM) was performed in a total of 5 photos of similar increases in random by the study group (n = 10). The structural changes observed are discussed in the program Axiovision 4.8, to quantify number, degree of alteration of mitochondria and the percentage of inflammatory infiltrate determining the degree of inflammation. The results of the quantitative data were analyzed using ANOVA (Fisher test), and categorical data with Chi-square (Pearson test), establishing a significance level of p <0.05.