923 resultados para Morfologia (Biologia)
Resumo:
O presente trabalho estudou a helmintofauna do curimbatá, Prochilodus lineatus Valenciennes, 1836, do reservatório de Volta Grande, MG, Brasil. Foram analisados 18 peixes com comprimento médio de 46,7 ± 1,1 cm e peso médio de 1.674,8 ± 75,6 g, sendo que 15 apresentaram acantocéfalos no intestino com prevalência de 83,3%. O helminto foi identificado como Neoechinorhynchus curemai Noronha, 1973 (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae), que diferiu das outras espécies descritas pelas dimensões dos caracteres e pela morfologia. da descrição original de N. curemai difere pelas maiores dimensões dos testículos, pela glândula de cimento alongada, pela presença de núcleos nos lemniscos, pelas dimensões dos ovos e pelos maiores ganchos da probóscide presentes na segunda e na terceira fileiras nos machos e na primeira fileira nas fêmeas. Foi observada menor porcentagem ocupada pelo sistema reprodutivo em relação ao tronco da fêmea. A observação dos parátipos de N. curemai de Noronha (1973) mostrou grande semelhança com os do presente trabalho. Este fato complementa a descrição do helminto em outra localidade.
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A eficiência na absorção de nutrientes pelos frutos pode sofrer interferências em função da estrutura morfológica presente. Assim, frente à importância do conhecimento da morfologia dos frutos para um manejo mais adequado dos pomares em termos de adubação foliar, ou de tratamentos pós-colheita para ampliar a vida útil dos mesmos, desenvolveu-se o presente estudo, cujo objetivo foi descrever a morfologia do pericarpo dos frutos de goiabeira. Para isto, amostras do pericarpo de goiabas (cv. Paluma) foram observadas ao microscópio ótico e eletrônico de varredura. Algumas das características observadas, como a presença de cutícula espessa, cêra epicuticular, três camadas subepidérmicas de células compactas e grande quantidade de esclereídeos, bem como a presença esporádica e dispersa de estômatos, podem constituir-se em barreiras para a absorção e movimentação de nutrientes e substâncias aplicadas aos frutos de goiabeira.
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Objetivou-se neste trabalho analisar os efeitos do uso de hidrolisado protéico do conteúdo celular de levedura (HPCCL), da proteína isolada de soja (PIS), do hidrolisado protéico de mucosa intestinal de suínos (HPMIS) e do leite em pó integral em substituição parcial ao farelo de soja sobre a morfologia do intestino delgado e o desenvolvimento pancreático de leitões aos 7 e 14 dias pós-desmame. Foram utilizados 44 leitões desmamados aos 21 dias de idade, com peso de 5,5 ± 0,6 kg, alimentados desde o desmame com as seguintes dietas isonutritivas: FS - ração à base de milho e farelo de soja; LPI - ração FS + leite em pó integral; LPI+HPMIS - ração LPI mais HPMIS; LPI+PIS - ração LPI mais PIS; LPI+HPCCL- ração LPI mais HPCCL. Os tratamentos não influenciaram a morfologia intestinal dos leitões, evidenciando que nenhuma das fontes protéicas utilizadas foi capaz de minimizar os efeitos deletérios da mudança da alimentação sobre a vilosidade intestinal. Os animais alimentados com LPI+PIS e LPI+HPMIS apresentaram, aos sete dias pós-desmame, o maior desenvolvimento pancreático. Concluiu-se, portanto, que todas as fontes protéicas estudadas foram igualmente adequadas para a formulação de dietas de desmame.
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This work present a interval approach to deal with images with that contain uncertainties, as well, as treating these uncertainties through morphologic operations. Had been presented two intervals models. For the first, is introduced an algebraic space with three values, that was constructed based in the tri-valorada logic of Lukasiewiecz. With this algebraic structure, the theory of the interval binary images, that extends the classic binary model with the inclusion of the uncertainty information, was introduced. The same one can be applied to represent certain binary images with uncertainty in pixels, that it was originated, for example, during the process of the acquisition of the image. The lattice structure of these images, allow the definition of the morphologic operators, where the uncertainties are treated locally. The second model, extend the classic model to the images in gray levels, where the functions that represent these images are mapping in a finite set of interval values. The algebraic structure belong the complete lattices class, what also it allow the definition of the elementary operators of the mathematical morphology, dilation and erosion for this images. Thus, it is established a interval theory applied to the mathematical morphology to deal with problems of uncertainties in images
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This work proposes a new technique for phasor estimation applied in microprocessor numerical relays for distance protection of transmission lines, based on the recursive least squares method and called least squares modified random walking. The phasor estimation methods have compromised their performance, mainly due to the DC exponential decaying component present in fault currents. In order to reduce the influence of the DC component, a Morphological Filter (FM) was added to the method of least squares and previously applied to the process of phasor estimation. The presented method is implemented in MATLABr and its performance is compared to one-cycle Fourier technique and conventional phasor estimation, which was also based on least squares algorithm. The methods based on least squares technique used for comparison with the proposed method were: forgetting factor recursive, covariance resetting and random walking. The techniques performance analysis were carried out by means of signals synthetic and signals provided of simulations on the Alternative Transient Program (ATP). When compared to other phasor estimation methods, the proposed method showed satisfactory results, when it comes to the estimation speed, the steady state oscillation and the overshoot. Then, the presented method performance was analyzed by means of variations in the fault parameters (resistance, distance, angle of incidence and type of fault). Through this study, the results did not showed significant variations in method performance. Besides, the apparent impedance trajectory and estimated distance of the fault were analysed, and the presented method showed better results in comparison to one-cycle Fourier algorithm
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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The fly of the syrphid Microdon tigrinus is a specific social parasite of leaf-cutting ant, Acromyrmex coronatus. Six colonies of Acromyrmex coronatus were collected in plastic containers, which there was a layer of 1 cm of plaster, with the purpose of maintaining the humidity of fungus culture. Larvae of social parasite were separate for the establishment of instars number, through morphometric study. The data were measured of 165 larvae, using spiracle (length (Ls), width (Ws) and distance between spiracle (Ds)). After that, the morphometric data obtained for the larvae were submitted to cluster analysis by Wong's hybrid method, which produces the adequate number of groups through pseudo F-statistics and pseudo t-squared statistics. The three morphometric variables studied permitted grouping of larvae into the following three distinct groups: cluster 1 [long dash] consisting of 55 larvae (Ls=0.177[plus or minus]0.026, Ws=0.163[plus or minus]0.030, Ds=0.052[plus or minus]0.008 mm); cluster 2 - consisting of 20 larvae (Ls=0.631[plus or minus]0.065, Ws=0.630[plus or minus]0.049, Ds=0.065[plus or minus]0.018 mm); cluster 3 - consisting of 90 larvae (Ls=1.294[plus or minus]0.062, Ws=1.308[plus or minus]0.069, Ds=0.140[plus or minus]0.018 mm). of the all couples, only 1 obtained success in the mating, and the female, after 24 hours, began the oviposition. The female layed 76 eggs in a period of 6 days, after that, her death. The larvae emerged in the seventh day (incubation period [plus or minus] 7 days). From 76 eggs, 54 were viable, with a viability of 71.05%. This study contributes to the knowledge of Microdon tigrinus biology of, a social parasite poorly studied in Brazil.
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O milheto (Pennisetum glaucum) é cultivado em épocas com deficiência hídrica, o que pode afetar a absorção de K. Este trabalho visou quantificar a importância de potenciais de água do solo (-0,03; -0,05; -0,10 e -0,50 MPa), associados a doses de potássio (15 e 120 mg dm-3 de K) na morfologia radicular e nos processos de transporte de K às raízes de milheto. O experimento foi realizado em Botucatu (SP), em casa de vegetação. O milheto foi cultivado até 28 dias após a emergência, quando foram avaliados a fitomassa produzida e os teores de K, assim como a morfologia radicular. Foi estimada a contribuição do fluxo de massa e da difusão para o transporte de K no solo. Independentemente da dose de potássio e do teor de água no solo, a difusão foi o principal mecanismo de transporte de K até as raízes do milheto. Houve maior contribuição relativa do fluxo de massa, que correspondeu a 12 % do absorvido, na menor dose de potássio, contra 4 % na maior dose. Não houve efeito da disponibilidade hídrica nos mecanismos de transporte de K até as raízes do milheto.
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The composites manufactured with long fibres aligned in a single direction, and overlay has been shown to have better performance than the short fibers randomly distributed. In particular, the lignocellulosic fibers extracted from the sisal leaves, used in conjunction with the epoxy resin has attracted the attention of many researchers because the final properties of the system formed. In this work composites based on epoxy resin reinforced with sisal fibers were manufactured. The sisal fibres were treated with an alkaline solution of 0.06 mol/l NaOH. The treated, and untreated fibres were subjected to tension x extension tests. The composites were manufactured in the "Lossy" mold with the specifications of the samples to be produced (300x20x4 mm). The tension tests were carried out in accordance with the ASTM standards 3039 (for the composite aligned in a single direction) and ASTM D5573 (for composites in overlay), three point bending tests were performed according to ASTM D790. Analyzing the results of the tests of tension and three point bending tests, it was observed that the composites with the configuration of overlapping had the better elastic module in both tests. As to the maximum resistance to tension, the best result was the composites aligned in a single direction. Tests of absorption of water and micrographs are in progress
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Visando conhecer a relação parasito hospedeiro de M. enterolobii em plantas com resistência a nematoides das galhas, estudos comparativos da biologia de M. enterolobii e M. javanica em tomateiros com o gene Mi foram conduzidos. O experimento foi conduzido em esquema fatorial 2x2, composto de dois porta-enxertos de tomateiro ('Magnet' e 'Helper M') e duas espécies de nematoides das galhas (M. enterolobii e M. javanica) com cinco repetições. As plantas foram inoculadas com 500 juvenis infectantes (J2) de M. enterolobii ou M. javanica. As raízes foram coletadas aos 3, 10, 17, 24 e 31 dias após a inoculação, coloridas com fucsina ácida, e dissecadas sob microscópio estereoscópico para a localização e contagem dos diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento dos nematoides. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que, embora ambas as espécies tenham sido capazes de penetrar as raízes dos porta-enxertos de tomateiro, somente M. enterolobii conseguiu desenvolver-se normalmente, com as fêmeas maduras realizando suas posturas, a partir de 24 dias após a inoculação.
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O presente artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa cujo objetivo foi identificar as percepções dos professores de Biologia do município de Piracicaba, SP, e dos alunos concluintes de um curso de licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas em relação à presença da Educação Ambiental em sua formação inicial, a fim de discutir a inserção da temática na universidade em geral e, especificamente, na licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas. Os resultados indicam que o professor de Biologia ainda necessita de uma formação mais crítica em relação à educação ambiental e que, numa perspectiva complexa, essa formação necessita ser tratada de forma mais rigorosa na universidade e nas licenciaturas em Ciências Biológicas para que os profissionais formados possam atuar, efetivamente, na formação cidadã para uma sociedade mais sustentável.
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La práctica educativa en espacios no formales es un recurso didáctico catalizador de motivación e interese, tanto para alumnos como para los profesores. El crecimiento de los espacios no formales coincide con los cambios recientes en el mundo en los campos sociales, políticos, económicos y culturales. Como una de las consecuencias de esos cambios, tenemos el crecimiento de otras instancias difusoras de conocimientos rompiendo, así, la hegemonía de la escuela. De esa forma, en este trabajo busqué investigar la frecuencia y las formas de utilización de los espacios de educación no formal por profesores de biología, de la enseñanza media, de la Ciudad de Natal (RN). Procuré también, identificar cuales son los espacios de educación no-formal que son utilizados; describir los recursos y las acciones desarrolladas en eses espacios; identificar la existencia o no de interese y la importancia que atribuyen a los espacios para la enseñanza de biología, además de divulgar los espacios utilizados como recursos didácticos. Para alcanzar estos objetivos fueron hechas observaciones de los espacios, aplicados cuestionarios y realizadas entrevistas con los profesores que realizan actividades junto a tales instituciones. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó tanto el abordaje cuantitativo como cualitativa. Nos basamos en referenciales teóricos de autores que buscan establecer las relaciones entre diferentes modalidades de educación para mejor comprender lo que es la educación no-formal y su trayectoria histórica. Constaté que los profesores utilizan los espacios de educación no-formales, aun la cantidad de visitas al año sea reducida, en virtud de varias dificultades por ellos apuntadas, tales como el transporte, la falta de recursos financieros y de apoyo para viabilizar la visita, entre otros. Verifiqué también que los profesores demostraron un alto interese por los espacios no-formales y apuntaron como principales justificativas para considerarlos importantes para la enseñanza de la biología la posibilidad de establecer conexiones entre la teoría y la practica, además de la complementariedad
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Recent research has revealed that the majority of Biology teachers believe the practice of experimental activities as a didactical means would be the solution for the improvement of the Biology teaching-learning process. There are, however, studies which signal the lack of efficiency in such practice lessons as far as building scientific knowledge is concerned. It is also said that despite the enthusiasm on the teachers‟ part, such classes are rarely taught in high school. Several studies point pedagogical difficulties as well as nonexistence of a minimal infrastructure needed in laboratories as cause of low frequency in experimental activities. The poor teacher performance in terms of planning and development of classes; the large number of students per class; lack of financial stimulus for teachers are other reasons to be taken into account among others, in which can also be included difficulties of epistemological nature. That means an unfavorable eye of the teacher towards experimental activities. Our study aimed to clarify if such scenario is generalized in high schools throughout the state of Rio Grande do Norte Brazil. During our investigation a sample of twenty teaching institutions were used. They were divided in two groups: in the first group, five IFRN- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte schools. Two of those in Natal, and the other three from the country side. The second group is represented by fifteen state schools belonging to the Natal metropolitan area. The objectives of the research were to label schools concerning laboratory facilities; to identify difficulties pointed by teachers when performing experiment classes, and to become familiar with the conceptions of the teachers in regarding biology experiment classes. To perform such task, a questionnaire was used as instrument of data collecting. It contained multiple choice, essay questions and a semi-structured interview with the assistance of a voice recorder. The data analysis and the in loco observation allowed the conclusion that the federal schools do present better facilities for the practice of experimental activities when compared to state schools. Another aspect pointed is the fact that teachers of federal schools have more time available for planning the experiments; they are also better paid and are given access a career development, which leads to better salaries. All those advantages however, do not show a significantly higher frequency regarding the development of experiments when compared to state school teachers. Both teachers of federal and state schools pointed infra-structure problems such as the availability of reactants, equipments and consumption supplies as main obstacle to the practice of experiments in biology classes. Such fact leads us to conclude that maybe there are other problems not covered by the questionnaire such as poor ability to plan and execute experimental activities. As far as conceptions about experimental activities, it was verified in the majority of the interviewees a inductive-empiric point of view of science possibly inherited during their academic formation and such point of view reflected on the way they plan and execute experiments with students
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The deployment of master professionals in Mathematics and Science Teaching by CAPES provided an interesting perspective, involving institutional incentive to upgrade teacher training in this modality. In this sense, the objective was to map the profile of the candidates in the Graduate School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics UFRN (PPGECNM), develop a database with specific descriptors for dissertations and research the group creation biology research and dissertations produced by graduate students in the Master course. This thesis has three threads, where the first is entitled: "The teaching of science as part of research: emergency, improvement and current reflections", giving a brief description of the creation of graduate studies and the emergence of Brazil in Science education. The second topic: "Professional Masters in Teaching of Natural Sciences and Mathematics-UFRN: candidate profile the biological ', shows the general characteristics of PPGECNM-UFRN and who are the candidates seeking the biological area of the Graduate Program. The third topic. "The construction and consolidation of the research group in biology education in PPGECNM-UFRN", a survey was made of data on the creation of the research group in biology education from the analysis of academic productions of teachers and masters graduates this Masters course, for those involved, some additional interviews about the experience in training in biology education. Data used in these investigations related to these students correspond to the technical product to be used in other studies profile teachers /dissertations from the PPGECNM / UFRN. Research shows that: the existence of a larger number of postgraduate courses in the field of Science Education provides greater productivity in academic research on the subject, the emergence of a research group on education in biology, tied to a post degree in education, is an attraction to strengthen lines of research in science education by teachers researchers in other disciplines, the candidates seeking permanent area for research in biology education signals the importance of this investment because if shows the need to search for the continuing education of practicing teachers, demands with interests in investigations from real problems from school
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El trabajo práctico experimental en la educación en Ciencias y en el contexto de la enseñanza de la Biología es un objetivo clave. Teniendo en cuenta la influencia de los libros de texto en la actividad profesional de docentes, interesado en este estudio para caracterizar la orientación de este tipo de materiales, para el trabajo práctico experimental y el uso de la medición en esta actividad. Para ello analizaron las ocho colecciones de libros de Biología aprobado en PNLD en 2012. La investigación es de naturaleza descriptiva e interpretativa y de recogida de datos ha sido elegida por el método de análisis de contenido (BARDIN, 2002). El análisis de los trabajos práctico experimentales buscó caracterizar su naturaleza epistemológica, concepción de la ciencia implícita, conceptual, tipología, contenido conceptual de Biología utilizado, cuántos implican medidas, y cómo se utiliza en este contexto según el procedimiento general para medir propuesto por Núñez y Silva (2008). Los trabajo práctico experimental ha sugerido una epistemología de la enseñanza conceptual, carácter racionalista en su mayoría y dominada por las actividades del tipo de ejercicio práctico, a necesidad de medir está presente en una minoría de estos y se se utiliza el procedimiento general de medición de forma parcial e implícito en la mayoría de los trabajos prático experimentales. Por lo tanto, proponemos en este actividades de estudio a desarrollar una guía de análisis de los trabajo práctico experimentales propuesto en los libros de texto de Biología