Gestão da água como um bem económico: aplicação de instrumentos económicos

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia do Ambiente

Adjusting to external imbalances within the EMU, the case of Portugal

From 1995 to 2010 Portugal has accumulated a negative international asset position of 110 percent of GDP. In a developed and aging economy the number is astonishing and any argument to consider it sustainable must rely on extremely favorable forecasts on growth. Portuguese policy options are reduced in number: no autonomous monetary policy, no currency to devaluate, and limited discretion in changing fiscal deficits and government debt. To start the necessary deleveraging a remaining possible policy is a budget-neutral change of the tax structure that increases private saving and net exports. An increase in the VAT and a decrease in the employer’s social security contribution tax can achieve the desired outcome in the short run if they are complemented with wage moderation. To obtain a substantial improvement in competitiveness and a large decrease in consumption, the changes in the tax rates have to be large. While a precise quantitative assessment is difficult, the initial increase in the effective VAT rate needed to allow the social security tax to decrease by 16 percentage points (pp) is approximately 10 pp. Such a large increase in the effective VAT rate could be obtained by raising most of the reduced VAT rates to the new general VAT rate of 23 percent. The empirical analysis shows that over time the suggested tax swap could generate surpluses and improve the trade balance. A temporary version of the suggested tax-swap has the attractiveness to achieve a sharper increase in the private saving rate maintaining the short run gains in competitiveness. Finally, the temporary version of the fiscal devaluation could be the basis for an automatic stabilizer to external imbalances within a monetary union.Portugal has been running large current account deficits every year since 1995. These deficits have accumulated to an astonishing 110 percent of GDP negative external asset position. The sustainability of such a large external position is questionable and must rely on fantastic productivity growth expectations. The recent global financial crisis appears to have anticipated the international investors reality check on those future expectations with the result of a large increase in the cost of external financing. Today the rebalancing of the current account through an increase in national savings and an improvement in competitiveness must be at the top of the Portuguese authorities “to do” list as the cost of a pull out from international investors is of the order of 10% of GDP. The external rebalancing is difficult as the degrees of freedom of the Portuguese authorities are limited in number: they have no autonomous monetary policy, no currency to devaluate, and little discretion in fiscal policy as deficit limits and debt targets are set by the Stability Growth Pact and the postcrisis consensus on medium-term fiscal consolidation. One possibility that remains is to change the fiscal policy mix for a given budget deficit. The purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of a “fiscal devaluation”1 obtained through a tax swap between employers’ social security contributions and taxes on consumption2. The paper begins by illustrating Portugal’s current account evolution during the euro period. The second section section lays out a model to offer a qualitative assessment of the dynamic outcomes of the the tax swap. I show that the suggested tax swap can in theory achieve the desired outcomes in terms of competitiveness and consumption if complemented with moderation (stickiness) in wages. I also study the effects of a temporary version of the tax swap and show that it achieves a sharper improvement in the current account that accelerate the rebalancing. The third section moves to the empirical analysis and estimates the likely effects of the tax swap for the Portuguese economy. The fourth section concludes.

Fossil fuel dependence and interfuel substitution in the electricity sector of Western European countries between 1990-2011

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Economics from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

The internationalization process of mychild to São Paulo, Brazil

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

Strategy definition of a new business opportunity in mobile-casual gaming: Partnership between Nmusic and Rovio Entertainment Ltd.

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

Marketing plan for Le Coq Sportif Russia

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

Recommendations for the detection of Leptospira in urine by PCR

In the present study PCR was applied to detect leptospires in human urine. Several approaches for sample processing were evaluated to optimize the detection of leptospires in urine mixed with this bacterium. Furthermore, some changes in the composition of the reaction mix were studied. No amplification was observed in acidic urine, therefore neutralization of the sample immediately after collection is strongly recommended. PBS gave better results than Tris or NaOH as neutralizing reagents. Freezing and thawing of samples before processing yielded negative results. Elimination of epithelial cells, leukocytes and crystals by centrifugation at 3,000 rpm at room temperature increased sensitivity. In addition, both the washing step after collecting leptospires by centrifugation and the inclusion of 0.1% bovine serum albumin in the reaction mix minimized the interference of other inhibitory compounds. These modifications were useful to improve the detection of Leptospira in urine by PCR.

Turquia e a Energia: Desafios e Potencialidades

O acesso à energia é uma das principais preocupações de todos os Estados quer dos economicamente desenvolvidos quer dos em vias de desenvolvimento. Da energia dependem todos os sectores económicos do primário ao terciário. Com o desenvolvimento tecnológico as necessidades das populações, das atividades produtivas e dos serviços fazem crescer a procura energética. A segurança energética é encarada como uma parte importante da segurança dos países, sendo o consumo energético permanente, o controlo dos fluxos que garantam o fornecimento tornaram-se estratégicos, tanto para importadores como para exportadores. A Turquia é atualmente a décima sétima economia mundial. A sua economia, particularmente a indústria, tem assistido nos últimos anos a um desenvolvimento significativo, fazendo com que as suas necessidades de energia tenham aumentado. Sendo o que se pode chamar de país híbrido, ou seja não é um país meramente importador de energia, é também produtor, no entanto dado que a sua produção não é suficiente de modo a suprir todas as necessidades de consumo, necessita de recorrer à importação e como tal, tem como preocupação central o acesso aos recursos energéticos. Os desafios que se lhe apresentam são muitos, quer no que toca à diversificação de fornecedores de energia quer na diversificação do mix energético. Com uma posição geográfica privilegiada, a Turquia procura tirar partido desse facto construindo relações energéticas com os países vizinhos. Está situada junto aos principais países exportadores mas também junto dos países importadores da Europa, o que faz com que esteja no centro dos corredores energéticos. No seu território passam e desaguam rotas de transporte de energia, o que aumenta o seu potencial como país de trânsito e como hub energético, estatuto que almeja. O presente trabalho pretende analisar os desafios e as potencialidades deste país no que diz respeito à energia.

Concepção do objecto sonoro no meio audiovisual

O presente documento está inserido no âmbito da componente não lectiva do Mestrado em Artes Musicais. Constitui o relatório relativo ao estágio na empresa Digital Mix, na qual foi possível observar diversas frentes de trabalho em contextos distintos e a metodologia adjacente a cada um, tendo ainda existido uma participação activa em determinados casos. Foram também realizados dois trabalhos de carácter individual. Com este relatório pretende-se caracterizar a forma como os diferentes problemas foram resolvidos no decorrer da execução das tarefas, quer de índole estética quer metodológica. Será ainda realizado um paralelismo entre a metodologia adoptada na obtenção de objectos sonoros pelo mestrando na sua área profissional e na Digital Mix, tendo em conta a multiplicidade de ferramentas existentes no universo da manipulação do som digital. O presente relatório divide-se em quatro partes: a primeira, respeitante ao funcionamento da empresa e descrição do seu equipamento, a segunda relativa aos trabalhos realizados de forma colectiva, a terceira referente aos trabalhos realizados individualmente e a última respeitante à problemática da metodologia em função da estética.

Indicadores de desempenho ambiental do sector eléctrico em Portugal

O sector da energia, e em particular, da energia eléctrica representa um papel na sociedade que dificilmente se equipara a qualquer outro. O crescimento populacional e o aumento da procura energética em prol da evolução tecnológica levaram à expansão dos sistemas de fornecimento de energia eléctrica, com graves consequências ambientais. A presente dissertação tem como principal objectivo a análise do desempenho ambiental do Sector Eléctrico em Portugal. Neste trabalho foram comparadas as seis principais tecnologias (carvão, gás natural, gasóleo, hídrica, eólica e fotovoltaica) que constituem o mix de produção nacional segundo uma abordagem de análise de ciclo de vida e foram avaliados os impactes ambientais segundo os seis indicadores do método Ecoblok (extracção de água (WA), extracção de recursos (RE), uso do solo (LU), emissão de gases com efeito de estufa (GHG), poluição do ar (PA) e poluição da água e solo (PWL)). Os resultados obtidos foram divididos segundo a produção de uma unidade funcional (kWh, MWh ou GWh) e segundo uma perspectiva nacional. Em termos globais e como era esperado, a tecnologia térmica-carvão revelou os maiores impactes na maioria dos indicadores, nomeadamente nos indicadores RE, WA, GHG e PWL. No indicador WA, o consumo de água da componente térmica deve-se ao arrefecimento dos grupos de geradores da central, enquanto que na componente hídrica é referente à evaporação que foi considerada como consumo. Dada a área que ocupam, os aproveitamentos hidroeléctricos registaram impactes muito significativos ao nível do indicador LU, nomeadamente a barragem do Alqueva. Surpreendentemente, na emissão de poluentes para o ar, foi concluído que a energia eólica, devido às emissões nos processos de produção e processamento metalúrgico dos vários materiais, regista os valores mais elevados. Os resultados obtidos revelam a utilidade e importância de uma abordagem de ciclo de vida na análise a sistemas energéticos.

Internationalization of UniPlaces to the Spanish market: Internationalization plan to Madrid, Spain

Field Lab in Entrepreneurial Innovative Ventures

NHL 3.5 mortars with scrap tire rubber

The use of wastes and industrial by-products as building materials is an important issue in order to decrease costs with waste management and the embodied energy of building products. Scrap tire rubber has been studied as aggregate for cementitious materials. Natural hydraulic limes are natural binders with particular characteristics of both air and hydraulic binders. Their specifications became stricter with the last version of EN 459-1:2010. In this study scrap tire rubber was used as additional aggregate of mortars, based on NHL3.5 and natural sand. Different particle size fractions and proportions of scrap tire rubber were used: a mix obtained almost directly from industry (only after sieving for preparation of particle sizes similar to mortar aggregate) and separated fine, medium and coarse fractions; 0%, 18%, 36% and 54% weight of binder, corresponding to 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% weight of sand. The influence of the rubbers´ additions on the mortars´ fresh state, mechanical and physical performance is presented, namely by flow table consistency, water retention, fresh bulk density, dynamic elasticity modulus, flexural and compressive strength, open porosity and bulk density, capillary absorption, drying and thermal conductivity. The use of the rubber mix coming from the waste tire industry seems advantageous and may open possibilities for use as raw material by the mortars industry.

In-house ELISA method to analyze anti-Trypanosoma cruzi IgG reactivity for differential diagnosis and evaluation of Chagas disease morbidity

INTRODUCTION: The goal was to develop an in-house serological method with high specificity and sensitivity for diagnosis and monitoring of Chagas disease morbidity. METHODS: With this purpose, the reactivities of anti-T. cruzi IgG and subclasses were tested in successive serum dilutions of patients from Berilo municipality, Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The performance of the in-house ELISA was also evaluated in samples from other relevant infectious diseases, including HIV, hepatitis C (HCV), syphilis (SYP), visceral leishmaniasis (VL), and American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL), and noninfected controls (NI). Further analysis was performed to evaluate the applicability of this in-house methodology for monitoring Chagas disease morbidity into three groups of patients: indeterminate (IND), cardiac (CARD), and digestive/mixed (DIG/Mix), based on their clinical status. RESULTS: The analysis of total IgG reactivity at serum dilution 1:40 was an excellent approach to Chagas disease diagnosis (100% sensitivity and specificity). The analysis of IgG subclasses showed cross-reactivity, mainly with NI, VL, and ATL, at all selected serum dilutions. Based on the data analysis, the IND group displayed higher IgG3 levels and the DIG/Mix group presented higher levels of total IgG as compared with the IND and CARD groups. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrated that methodology presents promising applicability in the analysis of anti-T. cruzi IgG reactivity for the differential diagnosis and evaluation of Chagas disease morbidity.

How can clusters help in the product type choice? The case of a specialized retail store

This work project (WP) is a study about a clustering strategy for Sport Zone. The general cluster study’s objective is to create groups such that within each group the individuals are similar to each other, but should be different among groups. The clusters creation is a mix of common sense, trial and error and some statistical supporting techniques. Our particular objective is to support category managers to better define the product type to be displayed in the stores’ shelves by doing store clusters. This research was carried out for Sport Zone, and comprises an objective definition, a literature review, the clustering activity itself, some factor analysis and a discriminant analysis to better frame our work. Together with this quantitative part, a survey addressed to category managers to better understand their key drivers, for choosing the type of product of each store, was carried out. Based in a non-random sample of 65 stores with data referring to 2013, the final result was the choice of 6 store clusters (Figure 1) which were individually characterized as the main outcome of this work. In what relates to our selected variables, all were important for the distinction between clusters, which proves the adequacy of their choice. The interpretation of the results gives category managers a tool to understand which products best fit the clustered stores. Furthermore, as a side finding thanks to the clusterization, a STP (Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning) was initiated, being this WP the first steps of a continuous process.

Impact of mobile app user acquisition on managerial decisions: Evidence from empirical experiment

In this research we conducted a mixed research, using qualitative and quantitative analysis to study the relationship and impact between mobile advertisement and mobile app user acquisition and the conclusions companies can derive from it. Data was gathered from management of mobile advertisement campaigns of a portfolio of three different mobile apps. We found that a number of implications can be extracted from this intersection, namely to product development, internationalisation and management of marketing budget. We propose further research on alternative app users sources, impact of revenue on apps and exploitation of product segments: wearable technology and Internet of Things.