Avaliação da argila atapulgita para potencial uso como excipiente farmacêutico em formas sólidas

Clays are natural materials that have great potential for use as excipients for solid dosage forms. Palygorskite is a type of clay that has hydrophilic properties as well as a large surface area, which could contribute to the dissolution of drugs. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate the use of palygorskite clay, from Piaui (Northeast region of Brazil), as a pharmaceutical excipient for solid dosage forms, using rifampicin and isoniazid as the model drugs. The former is a poorly soluble drug often associated with isoniazid for tuberculosis treatment. Palygorskite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), particle size, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and specific surface area (BET). The rheological and technological properties of palygorskite were determined and compared to those of talc, magnesium stearate and Aersosil 200. Mixtures between drugs and palygorskite were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TG) combined with thermal analysis (DTA) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), where the results were compared with those of the individual compounds. In addition, dissolution studies of solid dispersions and capsules containing the drugs, mixed with either palygorskite or a mixture of talc and magnesium stearate, were performed. The results showed that palygorskite has small particles with a high surface area. Its rheological characteristics were better than those of others commonly used glidants and lubricants. There was no interaction between palygorskite and the drugs (rifampicin and isoniazid). Among the dispersions studied, the mixture with palygorskite (5%) showed the highest drug dissolution when compared to other excipients. The dissolution of the rifampicin capsules containing palygosrkite was faster in higher concentrations. However, these differences were statistically different only in the first minutes of the dissolution experiment. The dissolution profile of isoniazid was also statistically different on the initial part of the experiment. The formulations prepared with isoniazid and palygorskite showed higher drug dissolution, but it was in descending order of concentration. According to these results, the palygorskite clay used in this study has great potential for application as an excipient for solid dosage forms

Obtenção e caracterização de complexos de inclusão binários e ternários com praziquantel

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Estudo dos genes do complexo do antígeno leucocitário humano (hla) associados à susceptibilidade ao diabetes mellitus tipo 1

Of all of the genes associated with the development of Diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1D), the largest contribution comes from the genes in the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) region, mostly the class II DR e DQ genes. Specific combinations of alleles DRB1, DQA1 and DQB1 constituting haplotypes, and further, a combination of more than one haplotype, providing multilocus genotypes are associated with susceptibility, protection and neutrality to DM1. Thus, the aim of present study was to verified the association of polymorphisms of HLA genes class II with susceptibility to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). Ninety-two patients with T1D and 100 individuals normoglycemics (NG) aged between 6 and 20 years were studied. Genomic DNA was obtained from peripheral whole blood, collected in EDTA tube, using the extraction kit Illustra Triple Prep®, GE Healthcare. For HLA typing was used DNA LABType system by One Lambda kit applying Luminex® technology to the method of PCRSSO typing reverse. The alleles DRB1*03:01, *04:05, *04:01, *04:02, DQA1*03:01g, *05:01g, DQB1*02:01g, *03:02, the haplotypes DRB1*03:01-DQA1*05:01-DQB1*02:01, DRB1*04:05-DQA1*03:01g-DQB1*03:02, DRB1*04:02-DQA1*03:01g-DQB1*03:02, DRB1*04:01-DQA1*03:01g-DQB1*03:02 and DR3-DQ2/DR4-DQ8 genotype were significantly associated with the chance of developing T1D. The alleles DRB1*11:01, *15:03, *15:01, *13:01, DQA1*01:02, *04:01g, *01:03, DQB1*06:02, *03:01g, *06:03, *04:02, the haplotypes DRB1*11:01-DQA1*05:01-DQB1*03:01, DRB1*13:01-DQA1*01:03-DQB1*06:03 and DRX-DQX/DRX-DQX genotype, formed by other than the DR3-DQ2 or DR4-DQ8 haplotypes, were significantly associated with T1D protection Despite the major racial Brazilian, even at the regional level, these results are similar to the majority of alleles, genotypes and haplotypes of HLA class II-related susceptibility or resistance to T1D, extensively described in the literature for Caucasian population. Children with age at diagnosis less than 5 years of age had significantly higher frequency of the heterozygous genotype DR3-DQ2/DR4-DQ8 compared to children with age at diagnosis than 5 years old. These results also demonstrate strong association of the genetic profile of the class II HLA for this age group, possibly associated with the severity and rapid progression to the onset of T1D. The knowledge of HLA class II genes may be useful in genetic screens that allow the prediction of T1D

Interação entre a equipe de enfermagem e a gestante com diagnóstico de pré-eclâmpsia

The objective of this exploratory descriptive study with a qualitative approach was to analyze the perception of the nursing team and the pregnant women hospitalized with pre-eclampsia regarding the interactive process occurring in the care relationship. Data were collected by semi-structured interview with twenty nursing professionals that work in the high-risk ward and ten pregnant women with the diagnosis of pre-eclampsia. The discourses were analyzed using the content analysis method, in the modality of thematic identification. Three categories were identified that describe the perception of the interaction by the nursing professionals: recognizing the needs of the hospitalized pregnant woman, understanding the woman with pre-eclampsia, and presenting difficulties in the interactive process. With regards to the pregnant women, four categories emerged: recognizing the clinical care, feeling the lack of information, experiencing feelings during the hospitalization, and envisioning the interaction process. The meaning of the discourses was analyzed according to the principles of symbolic interactionism. The results indicate that both, the nursing professionals and the pregnant women, have a limited perception of their interaction, suggesting a need for further reflection about this reality in the health service units and in the nursing education environment

O cuidado humanístico como foco institucional: um estudo sobre empatia dos profissionais de saúde na área obstétrica

Empathy is a basic facilitating element of the therapeutic helping relationship and the humanization process in health care. The objectives of this study were to identify the empathy level of health professionals working in the obstetrical sector of a university hospital recognized for its humanistic care and the perceptions of the women under their care regarding the empathic behavior shown by these professionals during hospitalization. We conducted a quanti/qualitative study with 47 health professionals that worked in the obstetrical sector (13 obstetricians, 12 nurses, 22 nurse technicians) and an intentional sample of 101 women that received cared from these professionals during the study period. We collected data by means of the Jefferson Empathy Scale for Health Professioals (JEPS-HR) and the Patient´s Perception of Health Professional Empathy (PPHPE), and two additional open questions designed to obtain the subjective opinion about the empathic behavior during the care. We utilized thematic analysis for the data obtained through the open questions and descriptive and inferential statistics for the quantitative data. We identified five thematic categories that represent the aspects valued by the professionals in their relationship with the women under their care: emotional involvement, communication, warm environment, integral vision and technical/scientific knowledge. The mean score on the JEPS-HR reported for the health professionals was 120,40, being that the maximum possible was 140.The Cronbach Alpha for the JEPS-HR was 0,83, indicating an acceptable level of reliability for this population. We consider therefore, that these professionals presented an acceptable empathy level when compared to other populations observed with the JEPS-HR. The results also indicated that women had statistically significant (p ≤ 0,05) higher scores than men and that professionals with higher working hours tended to have lower scores in the empathy scale (r = -0,288; p ≤ 0,05). The analysis of the subjective responses of the women indicated that they were satisfied with the humanistic care provided by the professionals but they also point out the existence of some power relationships. There were no significant differences in the empathy level of the medical or nursing team perceived by the women who registered means of 41,90 and 41,20 respectively on the PPHPE. In view of these results and considering the relevance of the element of empathy for care based on humanistic values, we reiterate the importance of further in-service training for the health team of the hospital in focus, on the topics of empathy and global aspects of humanized care for the implementation of its mission

Anestesia e o usuário de Ecstasy

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Nos últimos anos o número de novos usuários de agentes ilícitos tem aumentado de forma significativa em todo o mundo. A maconha e a cocaína, além do álcool e do tabaco, têm sido os agentes citados com freqüência, porém houve um aumento significativo de usuários de outros agentes psicoestimulantes ou alucinógenos, como o Ecstasy, o GHB, o LSD e a metanfetamina, empregados com o objetivo de intensificar as experiências sociais. O objetivo do presente artigo foi discutir a apresentação clínica, os efeitos deletérios e as potenciais interações com o ato anestésico no paciente cirúrgico usuário desses agentes ilícitos. CONTEÚDO: O artigo discute os mecanismos de ação, a apresentação clínica, os efeitos deletérios e as possíveis repercussões observadas durante a anestesia no usuário de MDMA (3,4-metilenodioximetanfetamina), também conhecido como Ecstasy. CONCLUSÕES: A apresentação clínica e os efeitos deletérios provocados pelo 3,4-metilenodioximetanfetamina (Ecstasy), assim como potenciais interações com o ato anestésico devem ser do conhecimento do anestesiologista, pois em muitas situações esses usuários serão submetidos a intervenções cirúrgicas de emergência, ou mesmo eletivas.

Avaliação clínica de duas ke0 no mesmo modelo farmacocinético de propofol: estudo da perda e recuperação da consciência

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A constante de equilíbrio entre o plasma e o sítio efetor (ke0) é utilizada pelos modelos farmacocinéticos para prever a concentração do fármaco em seu local de ação (Ce). Seria interessante que a Ce de propofol fosse semelhante na perda e na recuperação da consciência. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho clínico de duas diferentes ke0 (rápida = 1,21 min-1 e lenta = 0,26 min-1) com relação à Ce durante a perda e a recuperação da consciência, usando o modelo farmacocinético de Marsh. MÉTODO: Participaram deste estudo 20 voluntários adultos sadios do sexo masculino. em todos os voluntários, administrou-se propofol em regime de infusão alvo-controlada, modelo farmacocinético de Marsh ke0 rápida e, em outra oportunidade, usou-se o mesmo modelo farmacocinético com a ke0 lenta. Inicialmente, o propofol foi infundido em concentração-alvo plasmática de 3,0µg.mL-1. A perda de consciência e a recuperação de consciência basearam-se na resposta ao estímulo verbal. A Ce foi anotada no momento da perda e da recuperação da consciência. RESULTADOS: Na perda e na recuperação da consciência a Ce pela ke0 rápida foi diferente (3,64 ± 0,78 e 1,47 ± 0,29µg.mL-1, respectivamente, p < 0,0001), enquanto com a ke0 lenta a Ce foi semelhante (2,20 ± 0,70 e 2,13 ± 0,43µg.mL-1, respectivamente, p = 0,5425). CONCLUSÕES: do ponto de vista clínico, a ke0 lenta (0,26 min-1) incorporada ao modelo farmacocinético de Marsh apresentou melhor desempenho que a ke0 rápida (1,21 min-1), uma vez que a concentração de propofol prevista em seu local de ação na perda e recuperação da consciência foi semelhante.

Síndrome glaucomatosa em cães: parte 2

O glaucoma mantém-se como uma das principais causas de cegueira em pacientes humanos e entre os animais domésticos. No curso da sua patogênese, ocorre aumento da pressão intra-ocular e morte de células retinianas, cujo início pode ser precoce. Fármacos vêm sendo desenvolvidos visando a se obter o controle da pressão intra-ocular e a proteger as células retinianas da apoptose e morte. O presente artigo revisa a farmacologia, as indicações e os efeitos adversos das principais substâncias utilizadas topicamente no tratamento do glaucoma em cães, além de discutir as técnicas cirúrgicas contemporâneas que passam melhor se adequar ao seu controle.

Estudo da relação estrutura/atividade para as ações neurotóxica/neuroprotetora das acilpoliaminotoxinas NSTX-3 e JSTX-3 em sistema nervoso central de ratos

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Celular e Molecular) - IBRC

Delineamento ótimos para modelos não-lineares: efeitos fixos e efeitos aleatórios

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Delineamentos ótimos para experimentos farmacocinéticos

Pós-graduação em Biometria - IBB

Delineamentos D-ótimos para os modelos de Michaelis-Menten e de Hill

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Aspectos farmacológicos da cetamina S(+) associada ou não ao midazolam, em cães

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Pelvimetria radiográfica em diferentes raças de fêmeas caninas adultas (Canis familiaris-LINNAEUS, 1758)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Avaliação da eficácia do firocoxib em comparação à fenilbutazona na sinovite induzida por lipopolissacarídeo em equinos

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV