Coupling of magnetic, strain and electric polarization fields in the structure of multiferroic material

The comprehensive study on the coupling of magnetism, electrical polarization and the crystalline lattice with the off-stoichiometric effects in self-doped multiferroic hexagonal h-LuMnxO3±δ (0.92≤x≤1.12) ceramic oxides was carried out for the PhD work. There is a complex coupling of the three ferroic degrees. The cancelation of the magnetic moments of ions in the antiferromagnetic order, electric polarization with specific vortex/antivortex topology and lattice properties have pushed researchers to find out ways to disclose the underlying physics and chemistry of magneto-electric and magneto-elastic couplings of h-RMnO3 multiferroic materials. In this research work, self-doping of Lu-sites or Mn-sites of h-LuMnxO3±δ ceramics prepared via solid state route was done to pave a way for deeper understanding of the antiferromagnetic transition, the weak ferromagnetism often reported in the same crystalline lattices and the ferroelectric properties coupled to the imposed lattice changes. Accordingly to the aim of the PhD thesis, the objectives set for the sintering study in the first chapter on experimental results were two. First, study of sintering off-stoichiometric samples within conditions reported in the bibliography and also extracted from the phase diagrams of the LuMnxO3±δ, with a multiple firings ending with a last high temperature step at 1300ºC for 24 hours. Second, explore longer annealing times of up to 240 hours at the fixed temperature of 1300 ºC in a search for improving the properties of the solid solution under study. All series of LuMnxO3±δ ceramics for each annealing time were characterized to tentatively build a framework enabling comparison of measured properties with results of others available in literature. XRD and Rietveld refinement of data give the evolution the lattice parameters as a function to x. Shrinkage of the lattice parameters with increasing x values was observed, the stability limit of the solid solution being determined by analysis of lattice parameters. The evolution of grain size and presence of secondary phases have been investigated by means of TEM, SEM, EDS and EBSD techniques. The dependencies of grain growth and regression of secondary phases on composition x and time were further characterized. Magnetic susceptibility of samples and magnetic irreversibility were extensively examined in the present work. The dependency of magnetic susceptibility, Neel ordering transition and important magnetic parameters are determined and compared to observation in other multiferroics in the following chapter of the thesis. As a tool of high sensitivity to detect minor traces of the secondary phase hausmannite, magnetic measurements are suggested for cross-checking of phase diagrams. Difficulty of previous studies on interpreting the magnetic anomaly below 43 K in h-RMnO3 oxides was discussed and assigned to the Mn3O4 phase, with supported of the electron microscopy. Magneto-electric coupling where AFM ordering is coupled to dielectric polarization is investigated as a function of x and of sintering condition via frequency and temperature dependent complex dielectric constant measurements in the final chapter of the thesis. Within the limits of solid solubility, the crystalline lattice of off-stoichiometric ceramics was shown to preserve the magneto-electric coupling at TN. It represents the first research work on magneto-electric coupling modified by vacancy doping to author’s knowledge. Studied lattices would reveal distortions at the atomic scale imposed by local changes of x dependent on sintering conditions which were widely inspected by using TEM/STEM methods, complemented with EDS and EELS spectroscopy all together to provide comprehensive information on cross coupling of distortions, inhomogeneity and electronic structure assembled and discussed in a specific chapter. Internal interfaces inside crystalline grains were examined. Qualitative explanations of the measured magnetic and ferroelectric properties were established in relation to observed nanoscale features of h-LuMnxO3±δ ceramics. Ferroelectric domains and topological defects are displayed both in TEM and AFM/PFM images, the later technique being used to look at size, distribution and switching of ferroelectric domains influenced by vacancy doping at the micron scale bridging to complementary TEM studies on the atomic structure of ferroelectric domains. In support to experimental study, DFT simulations using Wien2K code have been carried out in order to interpret the results of EELS spectra of O K-edge and to obtain information on the cation hybridization to oxygen ions. The L3,2 edges of Mn is used to access the oxidation state of the Mn ions inside crystalline grains. In addition, rehybridization driven ferroelectricity is also evaluated by comparing the partial density of states of the orbitals of all ions of the samples, also the polarization was calculated and correlated to the off-stoichiometric effect.

Aspectos do desenvolvimento da experiência docente na educação superior: um estudo sob a ótica da teoria dos gêneros de atividade

This analysis introduces results related to development of teaching experience from two professors of one Federal University who have taken part of one action of continued teacher training. We consider that the interplay among the individual, the language and the world cannot function straightly. It occurs through utterances, defined like real unit discursive communication, and genres of discourse (BAKHTIN, 1979/2011). Along the same line, the relation between the employee and his employment do not occur in a direct manner. This relationship takes place through genres of activity (CLOT, 2008/2010). As well as, a domain of speech genres has given possibility to individual an interaction with several discursive fields, a domain of activity genre allows the professional protruding in difficult situations traced in his employment. We know that the drafting for wield the teaching in the Tertiary Education is recommended by LDBEN (9394/96), which suggests that should be done in postgraduate program. In the mean time, what frequently happens an educational background based in a survey and not in the teaching. Thereby, several times we have observed difficulties in the accomplishment of teaching practice. Considering such aspects, this study seeks to comprehend the manner how the lecturers deal with the difficulties encountered in the classroom and how the years of experience have contributed or not for a domain of activity genre. In this regard, we have propped up in the development approach, introduced by Vigotsky, who asserts that the learning suitably organized results in development (VIGOTSKY, 1984/2007) and still explains the development of individual on the basis of relationship that it has with another, the social (VIGOTSKY, 1996b). For this purpose, were accomplished, by means of a snipped filmed lesson from each teacher, four sessions of self-confrontation (FAÏTA, 1996; CLOT, 2008/2010), two Simple and two Crusade, recorded in a visual format. This material was transcribed in accordance with standards from project NURC-SP (PRETI, 1999). For the analysis, we used three mains theories: of Linguistic, is mobilized the concept of speech genres (BAKHTIN) and all discursive topics (JUBRAN; FÁVERO); from Occupational Psychology, is utilized the activity genres (CLOT); from Psychology Historical-Cultural, is adopted the concept from Zone of Proximal Development and another/social in the development of individual (VIGOTSKY). In compliance with the study achieved, was possible to identify the aspects related to development of teaching experience of Tertiary Education. During the classes and reports of self-confrontation, we identify that both the professors, in the beginning of the career, they got more difficulties to deal with hindrances, and which now, with some years of experience, they get to domain better the difficult situations which they come across. They built up, for example, a greater facility in improvise examples in face of students’ difficulties in the comprehension of concepts. These aspects show that the professors have evolved the higher domain of genre, which allow them getting, in addition to turn the unexpected situation around that spring up in the professional context, as well know how to taking action in similar situation, which they have already run into in another moments. This domain enabled and enables the developing of the lecturers over the course of their professional performance.

Anticorpos anti-trypanosoma cruzi como preditivos de infecção por leishmania infantum

Leishmania infantum and Trypanosoma cruzi are trypanosomatids of medical importance and are, respectively, the etiologic agents of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and Chagas disease (CD) in Brazil. People infected with L. infantum or T. cruzi may develop asymptomatically, enabling the transmission of pathogens through blood transfusion and / or organs. The assessment of the infection by T. cruzi is included among the tests performed for screening blood donors in Brazil, however, there is no availability of tests for Leishmania. Serological tests for T. cruzi are very sensitive, but not specific, and may have cross-reactions with other microorganisms. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Leishmania infection in blood donors and assess whether the serological test for T. cruzi detect L. infantum. Among the 300 blood samples from donors, discarded in 2011, 61 were T. cruzi positive, 203 were from donors with other infections and 36 were from handbags with low blood volume, but without infection. We also assessed 144 samples from donors without infections and able to donate blood, totaling 444 subjects. DNA was extracted from blood samples of all to perform quantitative PCR (qPCR) to detect Leishmania DNA. The buffy coat obtained from all samples was grown in Schneider medium supplemented and NNN. All samples were evaluated for the presence of anti-Leishmania antibody. The serological results indicate a percentage of 22% of Leishmania infection in blood samples obtained from discarded bags. A total of 60% of samples positive in ELISA for T. cruzi were negative by IFI, used as confirmatory test, ie 60% false positive for Chagas. Among these samples false positive for Chagas, 72% were positive by ELISA for Leishmania characterizing the occurrence of cross reaction between serologic assays. Of the 300 cultures performed, 18 grew parasites that were typed by qPCR and specific isoenzymes, found the species Leishmania infantum crops. Among the 18 cultures, 4 were purged from scholarships for low volume and all negative serology blood bank, thus demonstrating that there is a real risk of Leishmania transmission via transfusion. It is concluded that in an area endemic for leishmaniasis in Brazil, serological diagnosis performed to detect infection by T. cruzi among blood donors can identify infection by L. infantum and although cause false positive for Chagas, this cross-reactivity reduces the risk of Leishmania infection via blood transfusion, since tests are not applied specific detection of the parasite. In this way, there remains the need to discuss the implementation of a specific serological screening test for Leishmania in endemic countries such as Brazil

Clínica e cirurgia em animais de companhia

Este relatório foi realizado no âmbito do estágio curricular no Hospital Veterinário do Baixo Vouga de 1 de Setembro de 2015 a 31 de Janeiro de 2016. A primeira componente trata da casuística acompanhada no estágio. A área médica mais comum foi a gastroenterologia. A segunda componente consiste na revisão bibliográfica da aspergilose canina complementada com um caso clínico acompanhado no estágio. A aspergilose sino-nasal canina ocorre principalmente em indivíduos jovens ou de meia-idade, mesaticéfalos ou dolicocéfalos e saudáveis. O seu diagnóstico implica o conjunto de vários exames, nomeadamente imagiológicos, cultura de fungos, histopatologia, serologia e diagnóstico molecular. O tratamento recomendado é o tópico. A aspergilose disseminada é menos frequente, sendo mais comum na raça Pastor Alemão. Sendo geralmente mais grave, o tratamento passa essencialmente pela terapia antifúngica sistémica. O uso de fungicidas tem sido muito associado à ocorrência de resistências cruzadas a antifúngicos azóis, dificultando o tratamento destas infeções; Abstract: Small Animal Medicine This report was elaborated following a traineeship at the Hospital Veterinário do Baixo Vouga from September 1st, 2015 to January, 31st, 2016. The first component covers the casuistry accompanied during the same. The most prevalent medical field was the gastroenterology. The second component consists of a literature review of canine aspergillosis along with the report of a case followed during the internship. Canine sinonasal aspergillosis primarily affects young to middle-aged, mesaticephalic or dolichocephalic and healthy dogs. Its diagnosis involves a conjunction of medical exams, namely imagiologic, fungal culture, histopathology, serology and molecular diagnosis. The recommended treatment is the topical one. Disseminated aspergillosis is more infrequent, occurring usually in German Shepard Dogs. Being more grievous, its treatment is based upon the administration of systemic antifungals. The use of azole fungicides has been linked to the development of cross-resistances between these and the antifungal azoles, making it difficult to treat such infections.

HACIA UNA VISION SOCIOLOGIA DE LA ACCION ECONOMICA: DESARROLLOS Y DESAFIOS DE LA SOCIOLOGIA ECONOMICA

Este artículo analiza las principales contribuciones de una corriente emergente dentro del campo de la sociología denominada por quienes han promovido su desarrollo como sociología económica. Se sistematizan en el texto un conjunto de propuestas analíticas y formulaciones teóricas que en la bibliografía aparecen dispersas, pero cuya articulación enriquecería la comprensión que tenemos sobre el origen, configuración y dinámica de los mercados y de la acción económica de los sujetos sociales.El texto se estructura en torno a cuatro ideas básicas. Primero, que los mercados no son realidades universales y autocontenidas, sino, por el contrario, productos socio-históricos. Suconfiguración, estructura y dinámica están cruzadas por la presencia de instituciones sociales que hacen viable su surgimiento, consolidación y desarrollo. Segundo, que la acción económica no es llevada a cabo por agentes individuales dotados de una racionalidad económica que se superpone a cualquier otro tipo de racionalidad.

A competência do enfermeiro especialista em enfermagem em pessoa em situação crítica como membro dinamizador na unidade cuidados intensivos

Como elemento primordial, nos cuidados de saúde, o enfermeiro é o profissional, que por mais tempo desenvolve atividades junto do doente, tornando-o assim responsável, por desempenhar um papel fundamental na prevenção das infeções associadas aos cuidados de saúde, mas também o torna potencialmente veículo de transmissão das mesmas. A higienização das mãos é identificada mundialmente como uma medida básica, mas fundamental, no controle de infeções associadas aos cuidados de saúde, logo é considerada como um dos pilares da prevenção e do controle de infeções nos serviços de saúde. O doente crítico é um doente de alto risco, vulnerável por estar sujeito a várias técnicas invasivas, por sua vez o mesmo, é suscetível às infeções cruzadas. Com o intuito de diminuir e/ou eliminar essas mesmas infeções, cabe aos enfermeiros, a realização de momentos de observação, monitorização dos momentos de adesão às boas práticas em resultado do observado, para além do melhoramento em momentos de formação, pois a prática da enfermagem, não sendo estanque, exige ao longo do seu percurso, um processo contínuo de aprendizagem e atualização para que os cuidados sejam de excelência. Cabe ao Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem Médico-cirúrgica, a responsabilidade de conceber estratégias que visem a redução das infeções que poderão ocorrer na prestação de cuidados

Cumplimiento de medidas de bioseguridad por el personal de salud, Hospital Nacional Santa Rosa de Lima, año 2015

El cumplimiento de medidas de bioseguridad es imprescindible en la atención a los pacientes durante los procedimientos quirúrgicos, lo cual constituye un conjunto de medidas preventivas que tienen como finalidad proteger la salud y la seguridad del profesional, así como también la del paciente y la comunidad, siendo necesario conocer las distintas medidas y técnicas asépticas, así como el uso de estos estándares para disminuir la probabilidad de adquirir infecciones cruzadas intrahospitalarias. El objetivo de la investigación es Evaluar el nivel de cumplimiento de medidas de bioseguridad por el personal de salud, Hospital Nacional Santa Rosa de Lima, Año 2015. La metodología utilizada en el estudio fue Descriptiva y de campo, en la población se incluyeron 26 profesionales los cuales son “10 cirujanos, 6 anestesistas y 10 enfermeras” que laboran dentro del área quirúrgica, en las técnicas de obtención de datos estuvieron las documentales, de campo y la observación. Los resultados obtenidos fueron procesados mediante el sistema SPSS versión 19, aceptando la Hipótesis de Investigación: el Personal de Salud del Hospital Nacional Santa Rosa de Lima tiene un alto nivel de cumplimiento en las medidas de bioseguridad y bajo la prueba estadística U de Mann Whitney se determino que no se presentan diferencias en la comparación del personal médico–anestesista, anestesista–enfermería y enfermería–médico, en el cumplimiento de las medidas durante los procedimientos quirúrgicos.

Alergia à picada de Himenópteros em cães

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária

Factores sociales que influyen en el ingreso de estudiantes de sexo masculino a la carrera de enfermería de la Universidad de Cuenca, 2015

Antecedentes. La educación es un pilar fundamental en el desarrollo del país, por tanto, el ingresar a la educación superior marca definitivamente su futuro. Wright (2005) considera que las decisiones vienen como resultado de fuerzas exteriores, pertenencia étnica, influencias de otros individuos, instituciones donde se estudió. Este trabajo pretende analizar los factores sociales que influyen en el ingreso a la Escuela de enfermería de estudiantes de sexo masculino, y determinar si el aumento se relaciona con: prestigio social, espíritu de época, coeficiente de tradicionalidad familiar, necesidades vitales, vocación, motivación, actitud y aptitud. Objetivo. Identificar los factores sociales que influyen en el ingreso de estudiantes de sexo masculino a la Escuela de Enfermería de la Universidad de Cuenca, 2015. Material y Métodos. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo con un universo de 92 estudiantes de sexo masculino, se aplicó un formulario elaborado por los autores. La información se procesó en el programa SPSS 21.0, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Word; permitió identificar porcentajes, resultados y se presentaron en tablas simples y cruzadas, con su respectivo análisis. Resultados. 77.2% tienen 20 y 25 años es una población joven, provienen de la provincia del Azuay, 90.2 % son católicos, 80,96% son solteros, 25 % están en segundo ciclo, 45.65% estudia enfermería porque le gusta la profesión, 31.5% descubrió su vocación al realizar pasantías en hospitales, 23,91% eligen como primera opción enfermería en su postulación

Colonización oral por Candida y su relación con la presencia de caries y/o enfermedad periodontal crónica en población adulta del País Vasco

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Ciudad Verde: una mirada desde el reconocimiento social hasta la diferenciación a través de los espacios

La presente monografía se refiere a la vida cotidiana de los residentes del macroproyecto de vivienda de interés social Cuidad Verde en el municipio de Soacha para comprender las formas de reconocimiento que se tejen entre los residentes, transeúntes y visitantes de la ciudadela. Asimismo, analiza los imaginarios espaciales para entender las relaciones sociales entre unos y otros, abordando al macroproyecto no sólo como un lugar físico sino como un espacio que permite reproducir estereotipos sociales, crear mecanismos de distinción, transformar las maneras de apropiación de la vivienda y tejer nociones de progreso a partir del lugar donde se vive.

Comunidades y agentes del estado en la construcción de formas cotidianas de negociación: Costa Rica, 1850-1914

ResumenEl artículo es un análisis de la construcción del poder en el mundo predominantemente rural del Valle Central, fundamentado en la interacción entre los agentes del Estado y las comunidades campesinas. Propone develar una dimensión de las prácticas hegemónicas en la organización del trabajo colectivo para el desarrollo de la infraestructura requerida por el proceso de mercantilización de la economía. El poder directriz de los agentes del Estado es afirmado, disputado y negociado por comunidades campesinas, cruzadas por diferencias y conflictos económicos y regionales. Puntos de encuentro y fractura entre las comunidades se integran a las construcciones discursivas que, sutil o abiertamente, enfrentan las políticas públicas.AbstractThis article constitutes an analysis of the construction of power, in a predominantly rural world of the Central Valley of Costa Rica, based on the interaction between government agents and rural communities. It intends to unveil a dimension of hegemonic practices in the organization of collective work for the development of infrastructure required for the process of commercialization of the economy. The steering power of the government agents is acknowledged, debated on, and negotiated by the peasant communities, intersected by economic and regional differences and conflicts. Points of coincidence and fracture between communities are woven into the discursive constructions facing public policies, whether in a subtle or open manner. 

Mapeamento de áreas suscetíveis a ocorrência de incêndios no Parque Estadual da Lapa Grande em Montes Claros-MG, com o uso de sistema de informação geográfica.

Os incêndios em unidades de conservação causa graves danos ao desenvolvimento social e econômico e aos serviços ecossistêmicos. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi mapear, com o uso de sistema de informação geográfica - SIG, áreas suscetíveis a ocorrência de incêndios no Parque Estadual de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. Para isto, foi elaborado a partir do Modelo Digital de Elevação - MDE do Projeto TOPODATA, a altitude, declividade, orientação e curvatura de vertentes, radiação solar e cobertura vegetal, totalizando seis variáveis, as quais foram cruzadas, gerando assim, um mapa de suscetibilidade a ocorrência de incêndios em ambiente SIG. Verificou-se que as variáveis e os respectivos coeficientes que mais influenciaram foram a radiação solar, a curvatura das encostas, orientação das encostas e a cobertura vegetal, elevando a suscetibilidade ao nível muito alto e extremo. Conclui-se que o mapeamento da suscetibilidade a ocorrência a incêndios pode ser instrumento de auxílio à elaboração de planejamento e estratégias de combate aos incêndios na zona de amortecimento e no próprio parque.