Localization of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor and the 2-AG synthesizing (DAGLα) and degrading (MAGL, FAAH) enzymes in cells expressing the Ca(2+)-binding proteins calbindin, calretinin, and parvalbumin in the adult rat hippocampus.

The retrograde suppression of the synaptic transmission by the endocannabinoid sn-2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is mediated by the cannabinoid CB1 receptors and requires the elevation of intracellular Ca(2+) and the activation of specific 2-AG synthesizing (i.e., DAGLα) enzymes. However, the anatomical organization of the neuronal substrates that express 2-AG/CB1 signaling system-related molecules associated with selective Ca(2+)-binding proteins (CaBPs) is still unknown. For this purpose, we used double-label immunofluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy for the characterization of the expression of the 2-AG/CB1 signaling system (CB1 receptor, DAGLα, MAGL, and FAAH) and the CaBPs calbindin D28k, calretinin, and parvalbumin in the rat hippocampus. CB1, DAGLα, and MAGL labeling was mainly localized in fibers and neuropil, which were differentially organized depending on the hippocampal CaBPs-expressing cells. CB(+) 1 fiber terminals localized in all hippocampal principal cell layers were tightly attached to calbindin(+) cells (granular and pyramidal neurons), and calretinin(+) and parvalbumin(+) interneurons. DAGLα neuropil labeling was selectively found surrounding calbindin(+) principal cells in the dentate gyrus and CA1, and in the calretinin(+) and parvalbumin(+) interneurons in the pyramidal cell layers of the CA1/3 fields. MAGL(+) terminals were only observed around CA1 calbindin(+) pyramidal cells, CA1/3 calretinin(+) interneurons and CA3 parvalbumin(+) interneurons localized in the pyramidal cell layers. Interestingly, calbindin(+) pyramidal cells expressed FAAH specifically in the CA1 field. The identification of anatomically related-neuronal substrates that expressed 2-AG/CB1 signaling system and selective CaBPs should be considered when analyzing the cannabinoid signaling associated with hippocampal functions.

Política turística de Girona: 1976-2007

Es pretén fer una descripció de la política turística de la ciutat de Girona en el període 1976-2007. Es defineixen 6 objectius: estudiar el concepte de política turística, estudiar l’evolució del boom turístic dels 60 fins al turisme de qualitat dels 90, observar el repartiment de competències entre les diferents administracions, observar l’actual política turística de l’Ajuntament de Girona, descriure els fets que han influït en la política turística de la ciutat de Girona, i comparar la política turística estatal i la de Girona en aquest període

La inseguretat al nucli antic i barri Plnas/Ca L'Escori. El Vendrell: diagnòstic multifactorial per una proposta d'intervencions més establs, responsables i duradores

El treball té com a finalitat l’estudi dels conflictes de convivència que tenen lloc amb l’ocupació i usos dels espais públics al barri dels Planas/Ca L’Escori i nucli antic del Vendrell. L’ús i l’apropiació dels espais públics és un dels aspectes fonamentals a tenir en compte en l’estudi de la vida quotidiana dels ciutadans/nes dels llocs poblats. Aquesta experiència no és igual per a totes les persones ja que segons el gènere, l’edat, així com la classe social i les identitats ètniques, es viu i percep de forma diferent, amb la qual cosa, per aproximar-se a la comprensió de l’ús diferencial del espai cal fer-ho des d’una òptica multidisciplinària. Aquest indret mostra una heterogeneïtat social i ètnica dels veïns i les veïnes que fa especialment interessant l’anàlisi dels espais públics d’aquesta zona. La riquesa poblacional (persones residents de tota la vida, persones immigrades d’altres regions d’Espanya o d’altres països, etc.) comporta una gran diversitat d’experiències quotidianes i al mateix temps, una gran varietat d’opinions sobre la percepció i la concepció dels espais públics, alhora genera un aprofitament i ús intensiu o continuat a la via pública que es tradueix en el què anomenaré "convivència intensiva". Per la qual cosa crec oportú dedicar esforços per tal d'analitzar l’ús i l’abús dels espais públics i de la convivència en aquest barri del Vendrell. Aquesta polivalència en els usos dels espais, fa que situï com a focus del meu treball, una característica que acostuma a ser, amb més o menys fonament, un agreujament de molts problemes. En concret, faig referència a l’ús i l’abús de l’espai públic i, si els conflictes que es produeixen al seu voltant respon a una fonamentació real o respon a altres factors, com poden ser causes de malestar per la immigració o la percepció social que d'aquesta es té i, que moltes vegades té un paper destacat com a causa d'estigmatització de les pràctiques de sociabilitat en públic dels immigrants, o d'una part d'ells, la qual cosa provoca una tensió estructural amb dificultats de gestió.

Maneig de la vegetació i del pasturatge per a la prevenció d'incendis al Cap de Creus

Estudi sobre l'aplicació del pasturatge boví al Parc Natural de Cap de Creus com una possible eina per fer disminuir la biomassa vegetal i així intentar prevenir els incendis forestals i la seva expansió enel territori

Disseny d'un banc d'assaig per a ventiladors d'alta pressió

L’objectiu d’aquest projecte és dissenyar un banc que mesuri ventiladors centrífugs d’alta pressió i que a l’hora pugui analitzar ventiladors helicoïdals de petits cabals. D’aquesta manera es modernitzarien els mètodes de mesura que hi ha actualment, i a més es podrien fer mesures amb més regularitat dels ventiladors industrials que fabrica Casals. El banc d’assaig serveix per determinar les prestacions del ventilador, ha de mesurar el cabal, la pressió estàtica, la pressió dinàmica i el consum del ventilador. El projecte inclou el disseny del banc, els plànols, la corresponent documentació, i un manual d’ús i manteniment. El disseny del software està delegat a una empresa externa, i el disseny de quadre elèctric està delegat al departament electrònic de l’empresa

The Candida albicans plasma membrane protein Rch1p, a member of the vertebrate SLC10 carrier family, is a novel regulator of cytosolic Ca(2+) homoeostasis.

Candida albicans RCH1 (regulator of Ca(2+) homoeostasis 1) encodes a protein of ten TM (transmembrane) domains, homologous with human SLC10A7 (solute carrier family 10 member 7), and Rch1p localizes in the plasma membrane. Deletion of RCH1 confers hypersensitivity to high concentrations of extracellular Ca(2+) and tolerance to azoles and Li(+), which phenocopies the deletion of CaPMC1 (C. albicans PMC1) encoding the vacuolar Ca(2+) pump. Additive to CaPMC1 mutation, lack of RCH1 alone shows an increase in Ca(2+) sensitivity, Ca(2+) uptake and cytosolic Ca(2+) level. The Ca(2+) hypersensitivity is abolished by cyclosporin A and magnesium. In addition, deletion of RCH1 elevates the expression of CaUTR2 (C. albicans UTR2), a downstream target of the Ca(2+)/calcineurin signalling. Mutational and functional analysis indicates that the Rch1p TM8 domain, but not the TM9 and TM10 domains, are required for its protein stability, cellular functions and subcellular localization. Therefore Rch1p is a novel regulator of cytosolic Ca(2+) homoeostasis, which expands the functional spectrum of the vertebrate SLC10 family.

A Comparative study of germination strategies of two species of genus Allium sect. Allium

Germination experiments were performed with seeds of two species of genus Allium section Allium, a rare and endangered species A. pyrenaicum and a common A. sphaerocephalon. Different pre-treatments and a photoperiod of 24 h darkness were applied in order to simulate different germination conditions. Both species showed a high percentage of viable seeds a part of which were dormant. An elevate percentage of dormant seeds could be caused by a later collection time. Low altitude populations had more mortality than the others, possibly caused by the hard summer conditions during flowering and fruiting time. Comparisons between dates of species coexistence localities only show inter-population variability and it could be caused by the detected dormancy. Darkness accelerates germination, possibly for elongation radicle stimulation. Heat-shock pre-treatments decreased germination time in seeds from localities where fire is a probable event. The rarity of A. Pyrenaicum not seems to be caused by restricted germination requirements but is attributable to distinct habitat preferences, related to his altitudinal range of distribution

Early Variscan I-type pluton in the pre-Alpine basement of the Western Alps: The ca. 360 Ma Cogne diorite (NW-Italy)

Located at the internal border of the Grand-Saint-Bernard Zone, the diorite and its aureole lie on top of intensively studied Alpine eclogitic units but this pluton, poorly studied yet, has kept locally almost undeformed. The pluton intruded, at similar to 360 Ma, country-rocks mostly composed of dark shales with Na2O > K2O and minor mafic intercalations of tholeiitic basalt affinity. This association is characteristic of the Vanoise (France) basement series, where available age determinations suggest an Early Paleozoic age. Parts of the pluton, and of its hornfels aureole that is evidenced here for the first time, in the Punta Bioula section of Valsavaranche valley (NW-Italy), have been well-preserved from the Alpine deformation. Syn-emplacement hardening, dehydration-induced, probably prevented strain-enhanced Alpine recrystallization. Magmatic rock-types range continuously from subordinate mafic types at SiO2 similar to 48%, of hornblendite with cumulative or appinite affinities, to the main body of quartz diorite to quartz monzonite (SiO2 up to 62%). P-T estimates for the pluton emplacement, based on the abundance of garnet in the hornfelses, using also zircon and apatite saturation thermometry and Al-in-hornblende barometry, suggest T similar to 800-950 degrees C and minimum P in the 0.2-0.5 GPa range, with records of higher pressure conditions (up to 1-2 GPa?) in hornblendite phlogopite-cored amphibole. The high-K, Na > K, calcalkaline geochemistry is in line with a destructive plate-margin setting. Based on major element data and radiogenic isotope signature (epsilon Nd-360 Ma from -1.2 to + 0.9, Sr-87/Sr-86(360 MA) from 0.7054 to 0.7063), the parental magmas are interpreted in terms of deep-seated metabasaltic partial melts with limited contamination from shallower sources, the low radiogenic Nd-content excluding a major contribution from Vanoise tholeiites. There is no other preserved evidence for Variscan magmatism of similar age and composition in the Western Alps, but probable analogs are known in the western and northern parts of French Massif Central. Regarding the Alpine tectonics, not only the age of the pluton and its host-rocks (instead of the Permo-Carboniferous age previously believed), but also its upper mylonitic contact, suggest revisions of the Alpine nappe model. The Cogne diorite allegedly constituted the axial part of the E-verging ``pli en retour [backfold] du Valsavaranche'', a cornerstone of popular Alpine structural models: in fact, the alleged fold limbs, as attested here by field and geochemical data, do not belong to the same unit, and the backfold hypothesis is unfounded. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The Multiscenario Multienvironment BioSecure Multimodal Database (BMDB)

A new multimodal biometric database designed and acquired within the framework of the European BioSecure Network of Excellence is presented. It is comprised of more than 600 individuals acquired simultaneously in three scenarios: 1) over the Internet, 2) in an office environment with desktop PC, and 3) in indoor/outdoor environments with mobile portable hardware. The three scenarios include a common part of audio/video data. Also, signature and fingerprint data have been acquired both with desktop PC and mobile portable hardware. Additionally, hand and iris data were acquired in the second scenario using desktop PC. Acquisition has been conducted by 11 European institutions. Additional features of the BioSecure Multimodal Database (BMDB) are: two acquisitionsessions, several sensors in certain modalities, balanced gender and age distributions, multimodal realistic scenarios with simple and quick tasks per modality, cross-European diversity, availability of demographic data, and compatibility with other multimodal databases. The novel acquisition conditions of the BMDB allow us to perform new challenging research and evaluation of eithermonomodal or multimodal biometric systems, as in the recent BioSecure Multimodal Evaluation campaign. A description of this campaign including baseline results of individual modalities from the new database is also given. The database is expected to beavailable for research purposes through the BioSecure Association during 2008.

Activation of c-Jun in the nuclei of neurons of the CA-1 in thrombin preconditioning occurs via PAR-1.

Recently it has been shown that the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) plays a role in thrombin preconditioning (TPC) in vivo and in vitro. To investigate further the pathways involved in TPC, we performed an immunohistochemical study in hippocampal slice cultures. Here we show that the major target of JNK, the AP-1 transcription factor c-Jun, is activated by phosphorylation in the nuclei of neurons of the CA1 region by using phospho-specific antibodies against the two JNK phosphorylation sites. The activation is early and transient, peaking at 90 min and not present by 3 hr after low-dose thrombin administration. Treatment of cultures with a synthetic thrombin receptor agonist results in the same c-Jun activation profile and protection against subsequent OGD, both of which are prevented by specific JNK inhibitors, showing that thrombin signals through PAR-1 to JNK. By using an antibody against the Ser 73 phosphorylation site of c-Jun, we identify possible additional TPC substrates.

Experiencia con Telaprevir en una corte de pacientes monoinfectados y coinfectados en un hospital de tercer nivel

Objetivos: avaluar tasas de respuestas y seguridad, a las 24 semanas del inicio de tratamiento, en pacientes monoinfectados por VHC y coinfectados VIH/VHC con Telaprevir. Métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal de los pacientes mono y coinfectados (tanto “naive”, recaedores, no respondedores y respondedores parciales), tratados con Telaprevir en una Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Se recogieron los datos demográficos de cada paciente, datos analíticos, inmunológicos y virológicos así como la determinación de polimorfismo IL B28. Se recogen datos basales y a las 4, 8, 12 y 24 semanas. Resultados: un total de 43 pacientes analizados que iniciaron tratamiento con Telaprevir. Completan tratamiento hasta 12 semanas los 43, y hasta la semana 24 con Peginterferon y Rivabirina un total de 35 pacientes. Un 48% eran pacientes monoinfectados y un 51% coinfectados VIH-VHC. Un 80% eran hombres y un 20% mujeres, con una edad media de 52 años +/- 8´79. A las 12 semanas, un 76% de los pacientes monoinfectados y un 86% de los coinfectados tenían indetectable VHC, y a las 24 semanas un 86% de los monoinfectados y un 90% de los coinfectados, mantenían respuesta viral en tratamiento, sin ser estas diferencias estadísticamente significativas. De la misma forma no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las proporciones de efectos secundarios. Conclusiones: la efectividad y la seguridad del tratamiento con triple terapia que incluye Teleprevir en la infección crónica de VHC, son similares en pacientes monoinfectados y coinfectados.

Tolerância de genótipos de cafeeiro ao alumínio em solução nutritiva. II. Teores de P, Ca e Al e eficiência ao P e Ca

Foi instalado um experimento, em janeiro de 1994, em casa de vegetação do Departamento de Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Estado de Minas Gerais. Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do alumínio nos teores de P, Ca e Al e na eficiência ao fósforo e cálcio de nove genótipos de café, as plantas foram crescidas em solução nutritiva com 0 e 0,296 mmol L-1 de alumínio, com pH 4,0, por um período de 115 dias. Após esse período, as plantas foram divididas em folhas superiores, folhas inferiores, primeiro par de folhas totalmente expandido, caule e raízes, para a determinação da matéria seca e de concentrações de fósforo, cálcio e alumínio. A tolerância ao alumínio foi associada ao menor acúmulo de fósforo nas raízes, à menor redução na translocação desse nutriente para a parte aérea, à menor redução na absorção de cálcio e à maior eficiência no uso do fósforo e do cálcio. Foi observado grande acúmulo de alumínio nas raízes, bem como um transporte restrito do elemento para a parte aérea, para todos os genótipos de café.