Nuevo Código de Infancia y Adolescencia : antecedentes, análisis y trámite legislativo

Nuevo código de infancia y adolescencia. Antecedentes, análisis y trámite legislativo tiene por el objeto presentar los debates y aportes académicos que giraron en torno a la redacción del Código de infancia y Adolescencia y que sirvieron de apoyo para los congresistas que se encontraba al frente del trámite de la iniciativa. En el presente texto se recogen las opiniones, sugerencias y fundamentos filosóficos y académicos de un equipo interdisciplinario de docentes de la Universidad del Rosario que, desde antes de la radicación del proyecto de ley y hasta la sanción presidencial de la norma, estuvo realizando aportes académicos indispensables para la consolidación de esta iniciativa legislativa. Adicionalmente, el libro cuenta con las ponencias y textos definitivos que se profirieron al interior del Congreso como parte del trámite legislativo del proyecto, así como la norma sancionada y algunos cuadros de análisis de normas relacionadas con la matera. El libro que presentamos a ustedes es un esfuerzo por recoger los antecedentes y las reflexiones en torno a la nueva norma y un esfuerzo por consolidar en un documento los aportes que desde la academia se hicieron a tan importante iniciativa legislativa. Este libro está dirigido a jueces de familia, jueces de menores, procuradores, defensores de familia, personeros, comisionarios de familia, abogados, docentes, estudiantes de pregrado y especialización, magistrados, congresistas, unidades legislativas, autoridades de policía, instituciones de adopción, psicólogos, trabajadores sociales, funcionarios del ICBF y todas las personas que tenga un interés en los derechos, las garantías y la protección de nuestros niños, niñas y adolescentes.

La enseñanza de la religión en la Unión Europea.

Se ofrece una visión sobre cómo se vive el fenómeno religioso en los centros educativos de los países europeos, fundamentalmente Holanda, Bélgica, Alemania y Gran Bretaña. Se analiza la enseñanza de la religión en la escuela (confesional o pública), su estatuto legal y jurídico, su orientación sociopedagógica, su inserción en un contexto socioeconómico y político, cultural y religioso y su identidad institucional y sistémica. Se identifica el nuevo paradigma de la enseñanza de la religión en el contexto escolar y en qué términos se desarrolla en algunos países de Europa Occidental.

La trasformazione dei processi legislativi nella società dell'informazione: dall'e-Legislation all'e-Parliament

The transformation of legislative processes in the Information society: from eLegislation to eParliament This research analyzes, by means of an interdisciplinary and comparative approach, the transformation of legislative processes produced by the introduction of new ICT technologies. The use of ICT in support of parliamentary activities is concerned with efficiency of parliamentary process and aims at more transparent procedures, improved access to documents, social participation and cooperation among institutions. With ICT Parliaments are now able to improve their efficiency and optimize their business; they can advance the dialogue with their citizen both, through the real access and the effective availability of information and, through new way of participation in the democratic process. Finally, sharing information, know-out, best practices and other records, Parliaments will be able to develop new information and knowledge and to strengthen the role and power of Institutions. Only through a global vision of the full process, re-thinking and develop rules and uniform standard and so implementing the new opportunities carrying out by ICT, it will be possible to put in practice concrete eParliament results. The Research goals are at least three: 1. To Analysed the legislative process and the ICT opportunities to understand the impact of the latter on the former. In particular to check up the problems that ICT can raise in relation of the constitutional principles ensuring the process itself. 2. To realized an abstract model representing the legislative process regardless of the form of government, chambers composition, legal system, etc. 3. To suggest standard, structural, linguistic and ontological, able to implement the new opportunities of sharing, cooperation and reuse among the many and various stakeholders of the democratic/legislative view.

La casa crecedera. El crecimiento programado de la vivienda con innovación europea y economía de medios latinoamericana

El concepto de casa crecedera, tal y como lo conocemos en la actualidad, se acuñó por primera vez en 1932 en el concurso Das Wachsende Haus organizado por Martin Wagner y Hans Poelzig dentro del marco de la Exposición Internacional Sonne, Luft und Haus für alle, promovida por la Oficina de Turismo de la ciudad de Berlín. En dicho concurso, se definía este tipo de vivienda como aquella célula básica o vivienda semilla que, dependiendo de las necesidades y posibilidades de los habitantes, podía crecer mediante otras estancias, conformando una vivienda completa en sí misma en cada fase de crecimiento. Numerosos arquitectos de primer orden, tales como Walter Gropius, Bruno Taut, Erich Mendelsohn o Hans Scharoun, participaron en este concurso, abriendo una nueva vía de exploración dentro de la vivienda flexible, la del crecimiento programado. A partir de ese momento, en Europa, y subsecuentemente en EEUU y otras regiones desarrolladas, se iniciaron numerosas investigaciones teóricas y prácticas en torno al fenómeno del crecimiento en la vivienda desde un enfoque vinculado a la innovación, tanto espacial como técnica. Por otro lado, aunque dentro del marco de la arquitectura popular de otros países, ya se ensayaban viviendas crecederas desde el siglo XVIII debido a que, por su tamaño, eran más asequibles dentro del mercado. Desde los años treinta, numerosos países en vías de desarrollo tuvieron que lidiar con migraciones masivas del campo a la ciudad, por lo que se construyeron grandes conjuntos habitacionales que, en numerosos casos, estaban conformados por viviendas crecederas. En todos ellos, la aproximación al crecimiento de la vivienda se daba desde una perspectiva diferente a la de los países desarrollados. Se primaba la economía de medios, el uso de sistemas constructivos de bajo costo y, en muchos casos, se fomentaba incluso la autoconstrucción guiada, frente a las construcciones prefabricadas ensambladas por técnicos especializados que se proponían, por ejemplo, en los casos europeos. Para realizar esta investigación, se recopiló información de estas y otras viviendas. A continuación, se identificaron distintas maneras de producir el crecimiento, atendiendo a su posición relativa respecto de la vivienda semilla, a las que se denominó mecanismos de ampliación, utilizados indistintamente sin tener en cuenta la ubicación geográfica de cada casa. La cuestión de porqué se prefiere un mecanismo en lugar de otro en un caso determinado, desencadenó el principal objetivo de esta Tesis: la elaboración de un sistema de análisis y diagnóstico de la vivienda crecedera que, de acuerdo a determinados parámetros, permitiera indicar cuál es la ampliación o sucesión de ampliaciones óptimas para una familia concreta, en una ubicación establecida. Se partió de la idea de que el crecimiento de la vivienda está estrechamente ligado a la evolución de la unidad de convivencia que reside en ella, de manera que la casa se transformó en un hábitat dinámico. Además se atendió a la complejidad y variabilidad del fenómeno, sujeto a numerosos factores socio-económicos difícilmente previsibles en el tiempo, pero fácilmente monitorizables según unos patrones determinados vinculados a la normatividad, el número de habitantes, el ahorro medio, etc. Como consecuencia, para el diseño del sistema de optimización de la vivienda crecedera, se utilizaron patrones evolutivos. Dichos patrones, alejados ya del concepto espacial y morfológico usualmente utilizado en arquitectura por figuras como C. Alexander o J. Habraken, pasaron a entenderse como una secuencia de eventos en el tiempo (espaciales, sociales, económicos, legales, etc.), que describen el proceso de transformación y que son peculiares de cada vivienda. De esta manera, el tiempo adquirió una especial importancia al convertirse en otro material más del proyecto arquitectónico. Fue en la construcción de los patrones donde se identificaron los mencionados mecanismos de ampliación, entendidos también como sistemas de compactación de la ciudad a través de la ocupación tridimensional del espacio. Al estudiar la densidad, mediante los conceptos de holgura y hacinamiento, se aceptó la congestión de las ciudades como un valor positivo. De esta forma, las posibles transformaciones realizadas por los habitantes (previstas desde un inicio) sobre el escenario del habitar (vivienda semilla), se convirtieron también en herramientas de proyecto urbano que responden a condicionantes del lugar y de los habitantes con distintas intensidades de crecimiento, ocupación y densidad. Igualmente, en el proceso de diseño del sistema de optimización, se detectaron las estrategias para la adaptabilidad y transformación de la casa crecedera, es decir, aquella serie de acciones encaminadas a la alteración de la vivienda para facilitar su ampliación, y que engloban desde sistemas constructivos en espera, que facilitan las costuras entre crecimiento y vivienda semilla, hasta sistemas espaciales que permiten que la casa altere su uso transformándose en un hábitat productivo o en un artefacto de renta. Así como los mecanismos de ampliación están asociados a la morfología, se descubrió que su uso es independiente de la localización, y que las estrategias de adaptabilidad de la vivienda se encuentran ligadas a sistemas constructivos o procesos de gestión vinculados a una región concreta. De esta manera, la combinación de los mecanismos con las estrategias caracterizan el proceso de evolución de la vivienda, vinculándola a unos determinados condicionantes sociales, geográficos y por tanto, constructivos. Finalmente, a través de la adecuada combinación de mecanismos de ampliación y estrategias de adaptabilidad en el proyecto de la vivienda con crecimiento programado es posible optimizar su desarrollo en términos económicos, constructivos, sociales y espaciales. Como resultado, esto ayudaría no sólo a mejorar la vida de los habitantes de la vivienda semilla en términos cualitativos y cuantitativos, sino también a compactar las ciudades mediante sistemas incluyentes, ya que las casas crecederas proporcionan una mayor complejidad de usos y diversidad de relaciones sociales. ABSTRACT The growing house concept -as we currently know it- was used for the first time back in 1932 in the competition Das Wachsende Haus organized by Martin Wagner and Hans Poelzig during the International Exhibition Sonne, Luft und Haus für alle, promoted by Berlin's Tourist Office. In that competition this type of housing was defined as a basic cell or a seed house unit, and depending on the needs and capabilities of the residents it could grow by adding rooms and defining itself as a complete house unit during each growing stage. Many world-top class architects such as Walter Gropius, Bruno Taut, Erich Mendelsohn or Hans Scharoun, were part of this competition exploring a new path in the flexible housing field, the scheduled grownth. From that moment and on, in Europe -and subsequently in the USA and other developed areas- many theorical and pragmatical researchs were directed towards the growing house phenomena, coming from an initial approach related to innovation, spacial and technical innovation. Furthermore -inside the traditional architecture frame in other countries, growing houses were already tested in the XVIII century- mainly due to the size were more affordable in the Real State Market. Since the 30's decade many developing countries had to deal with massive migration movements from the countryside to cities, building large housing developments were -in many cases- formed by growing housing units. In all of these developing countries the growing house approach was drawn from a different perspective than in the developed countries. An economy of means was prioritized, the utilization of low cost construction systems and -in many cases- a guided self-construction was prioritized versus the prefabricated constructions set by specialized technics that were proposed -for instance- in the European cases. To proceed with this research, information from these -and other- housing units was gathered. From then and on different ways to perform the growing actions were identified, according to its relative position from the seed house unit, these ways were named as addition or enlargement mechanisms indifferently utilized without adknowledging the geographic location for each house. The question of why one addition mechanism is preferred over another in any given case became the main target of this Thesis; the ellaboration of an analysis and diagnosis system for the growing house -according to certain parameters- would allow to point out which is the addition or addition process more efficient for a certain family in a particular location. As a starting point the grownth of the housing unit is directly linked to the evolution of the family unit that lives on it, so the house becomes a dynamic habitat. The complexity and the variability of the phenomena was taken into consideration related to a great number of socio-economic factors hardly able to be foreseen ahead on time but easy to be monitored according to certain patterns linked to regulation, population, average savings, etc As a consequence, to design the optimization system for the growing house, evolutionary patterns were utilized. Those patterns far away from the spatial and morphologic concept normally utilized in Architecture by characters like C. Alexander or J. Habraken, started to be understood like a sequence of events on time (spatial events, social events, economic events, legal events, etc) that describes the transformation process and that are particular for each housing unit. Therefore time became something important as another ingredient in the Architectural Project. The before mentioned addition or enlargement mechanisms were identified while building the patterns; these mechanisms were also understood as city's system of compactation through the tridimendional ocupation of space. Studying density, thorough the concepts of comfort and overcrowding, traffic congestion in the city was accepted as a positive value. This way, the possible transformations made by the residents (planned from the begining) about the residencial scenary (seed house), also became tools of the urban project that are a response to site's distinctive features and to the residents with different grownth intensities, activities and density Likewise, during the process of designing the optimization system, strategies for adaptations and transformation of the growing house were detected, in other words, the serial chain of actions directed to modify the house easing its enlargement or addition, and that comprehends from constructive systems on hold -that smooths the costures between grownth and housing seed- to spatial systems that allows that the house modify its utilization, becoming a productive habitat or a rental asset. Because the enlargement mechanisms are linked to the morphology, it was discovered that the use it's not related to the location, and that the adaptation strategies of the houses are linked to constructive systems or management processes linked to a particular area. This way the combination of mechanisms and strategies characterizes the process of housing evolution, linking it to certain social and geographic peculiarities and therefore constructives. At last, through the certain combination of enlargement mechanisms and adaptability strategies in the housing with scheduled grownth project is possible to optimize its development in economic, constructive, social and spatial terms. As a result, this would help not only to improve the life of the seed house residents in qualitative and quantitative terms but also to compact the cities through inclusive systems, given that the growing houses provide a larger complexity of uses and social relations.

Destellos en el túnel: la apertura informativa en la época de NOU según los protagonistas

Canal 9 –o Nou, como se llamó en su última etapa– con su carácter ejemplarizante para el resto de autonómicas, se convierte en el objeto de estudio perfecto para los investigadores en comunicación. El trabajo se centra en la última etapa de RTVV, bajo la influencia de un nuevo estatuto legal, que dotaba a la televisión de herramientas presuntamente facilitadoras de la pluralidad en los informativos. Mediante un análisis cualitativo basado en entrevistas semiestructuradas a un panel de expertos, intentamos averiguar si se produjo en ese tiempo un cambio apreciable en la redacción de Canal 9, combinado con un cambio de talante en la gestión de la empresa. La conclusión, con los matices que desarrollamos en el texto, es que sí que se produjo una apertura en esa fase, que desgraciadamente fue abortada por el cierre precipitado. La eliminación de la emisora autonómica provocó un efecto destructivo en cadena en el sistema audiovisual valenciano que aún no se ha superado.

Death Threat Letters: Allegories of American Authorship in the Age of Terrorism

This dissertation examines novels that use terrorism to allegorize the threatened position of the literary author in contemporary culture. Allegory is a term that has been differently understood over time, but which has consistently been used by writers to articulate and construct their roles as authors. In the novels I look at, the terrorist challenge to authorship results in multiple deployments of allegory, each differently illustrating the way that allegory is used and authorship constructed in the contemporary American novel. Don DeLillo’s Mao II (1991), first puts terrorists and authors in an oppositional pairing. The terrorist’s ability to traffic in spectacle is presented as indicative of the author’s fading importance in contemporary culture and it is one way that terrorism allegorizes threats to authorship. In Philip Roth’s Operation Shylock (1993), the allegorical pairing is between the text of the novel and outside texts – newspaper reports, legal cases, etc. – that the novel references and adapts in order to bolster its own narrative authority. Richard Powers’s Plowing the Dark (1999) pairs the story of an imprisoned hostage, craving a single book, with employees of a tech firm who are creating interactive, virtual reality artworks. Focusing on the reader’s experience, Powers’s novel posits a form of authorship that the reader can take into consideration, but which does not seek to control the experience of the text. Finally, I look at two of Paul Auster’s twenty-first century novels, Travels in the Scriptorium (2007) and Man in the Dark (2008), to suggest that the relationship between representations of authors and terrorists changed after 9/11. Auster’s author-figures forward an ethics of authorship whereby novels can use narrative to buffer readers against the portrayal of violent acts in a culture that is suffused with traumatizing imagery.

Predictors and Consequences of Simultaneous Alcohol and Cannabis Use in Adolescents

Background/Aims: The simultaneous use of alcohol and cannabis is common among adolescents, but has been little studied. In this study, we examine predictors and consequences of this behavior in a population-based sample of high school students. Method: Self-reports were obtained from students in Quebec (Canada) followed throughout high school (N=6589). Logistic regressions were used to test the association between individual, family, and peerrelated predictors in grades 7–8 and simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use in grade 10, as well as between simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use in grade 10 and experiencing 3 or more substance-related problems of various types (legal, physical, etc.) in grade 11. Results: Most predictors in grades 7–8 were associated with simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use in grade 10. Only variables reflecting early-onset substance use involvement — alcohol intoxication, cannabis use, and drug use by close friend(s) — remained predictive in a multivariate model. Simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use was associated with increased substance-related problems in grade 11, above and beyond baseline problems and the concurrent use of the two substances in separate episodes in grade 10. Conclusions: Simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use 1) is anticipated by multiple psychosocial risk factors which come together with individual and peer substance use in early high school and 2) is independently predictive of subsequent substance-related problems. Providing adolescents with adequate information regarding the potential harm of simultaneous use may be a useful prevention strategy.

Predictors and Consequences of Simultaneous Alcohol and Cannabis Use in Adolescents

Background/Aims: The simultaneous use of alcohol and cannabis is common among adolescents, but has been little studied. In this study, we examine predictors and consequences of this behavior in a population-based sample of high school students. Method: Self-reports were obtained from students in Quebec (Canada) followed throughout high school (N=6589). Logistic regressions were used to test the association between individual, family, and peerrelated predictors in grades 7–8 and simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use in grade 10, as well as between simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use in grade 10 and experiencing 3 or more substance-related problems of various types (legal, physical, etc.) in grade 11. Results: Most predictors in grades 7–8 were associated with simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use in grade 10. Only variables reflecting early-onset substance use involvement — alcohol intoxication, cannabis use, and drug use by close friend(s) — remained predictive in a multivariate model. Simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use was associated with increased substance-related problems in grade 11, above and beyond baseline problems and the concurrent use of the two substances in separate episodes in grade 10. Conclusions: Simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use 1) is anticipated by multiple psychosocial risk factors which come together with individual and peer substance use in early high school and 2) is independently predictive of subsequent substance-related problems. Providing adolescents with adequate information regarding the potential harm of simultaneous use may be a useful prevention strategy.

Cases on equitable remedies; interpleader, bills of peace, cancellation, removal of cloud on title, declaratory judgments,

"Table of statutes and rules of court": p. xv-xviii. "Table of legal treatises, etc., quoted": p. xix

Death Threat Letters: Allegories of American Authorship in the Age of Terrorism

This dissertation examines novels that use terrorism to allegorize the threatened position of the literary author in contemporary culture. Allegory is a term that has been differently understood over time, but which has consistently been used by writers to articulate and construct their roles as authors. In the novels I look at, the terrorist challenge to authorship results in multiple deployments of allegory, each differently illustrating the way that allegory is used and authorship constructed in the contemporary American novel. Don DeLillo’s Mao II (1991), first puts terrorists and authors in an oppositional pairing. The terrorist’s ability to traffic in spectacle is presented as indicative of the author’s fading importance in contemporary culture and it is one way that terrorism allegorizes threats to authorship. In Philip Roth’s Operation Shylock (1993), the allegorical pairing is between the text of the novel and outside texts – newspaper reports, legal cases, etc. – that the novel references and adapts in order to bolster its own narrative authority. Richard Powers’s Plowing the Dark (1999) pairs the story of an imprisoned hostage, craving a single book, with employees of a tech firm who are creating interactive, virtual reality artworks. Focusing on the reader’s experience, Powers’s novel posits a form of authorship that the reader can take into consideration, but which does not seek to control the experience of the text. Finally, I look at two of Paul Auster’s twenty-first century novels, Travels in the Scriptorium (2007) and Man in the Dark (2008), to suggest that the relationship between representations of authors and terrorists changed after 9/11. Auster’s author-figures forward an ethics of authorship whereby novels can use narrative to buffer readers against the portrayal of violent acts in a culture that is suffused with traumatizing imagery.

Direito educacional: em busca de uma educação refletora dos princípios, diretrizes e valores contidos no Estatuto da criança e do adolescente

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O Estatuto da criança e do adolescente e o professor: reflexos na sua formação e atuação

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O Estatuto da Cidade e outras leis nacionais no campo do Direito Urbanístico

Coletânea organizada pela Comissão de Desenvolvimento Urbano em comemoração aos dez anos da edição do Estatuto da Cidade. Contém o estatuto - Lei nº 10.257, de 10 de julho de 2011, e as principais normas nacionais no campo do direito urbanístico. Inclui também uma lista das normas integrantes do direito ambiental que possuem interfaces com a legislação urbanística de aplicação nacional.

Estudo sobre a constitucionalidade e juridicidades das leis que declaram determinadas localidades como capitais de algo. por exemplo: capital da uva, capital do forró etc.

Analisa a viabilidade, do ponto de vista da constitucionalidade e juridicidade, da promulgação de leis que objetivam atribuir títulos de “capital nacional” a determinadas localidades, tais como “capital nacional da uva, ou “capital nacional da vela”, ou ainda “capital nacional do forró”. A matéria tem relevância devido à quantidade significativa de proposições que com esse objetivo tramitam na Casa.

Estatuto da cidade e juridificação da reforma urbana no Brasil

O início da década passada foi marcado por um importante evento relacionado ao tratamento das questões urbanas no Brasil. Em dez de julho de 2001, foi promulgada a Lei Federal n 10.257, conhecida como Estatuto da Cidade, que regulamenta o capítulo da política urbana da Constituição de 1988. O Estatuto da Cidade provê suporte legal consistente para aquelas municipalidades comprometidas com o enfrentamento dos problemas sociais e urbanos que afetam diariamente as condições de vida dos habitantes das cidades. São princípios que o norteiam: a função social da propriedade e a gestão democrática das cidades. A lei, que tramitou por mais de dez anos no Congresso Nacional, pode ser vista como uma conquista de um movimento multissetorial de escopo nacional que vem lutando há décadas pela causa da reforma urbana e pela criação de um marco regulatório federal para a política urbana. São objetivos desta tese investigar o processo que levou à promulgação dessa lei, bem como seus impactos já observáveis. Ao tratar desse processo, o estudo aqui proposto se insere no campo das análises sobre a relação entre a sociedade civil e o Estado, refletindo sobre as formas como as demandas sociais são processadas na esfera pública e causam impactos nas ações do poder público. Além disso, uma vez que aborda a transformação de uma demanda em legislação, esta tese inclui-se na área de estudos da juridificação das relações sociais, observando o Estatuto da Cidade a partir de referenciais teóricos que tratam de um processo amplo de inclusão de mais e mais áreas da vida ao rol dos temas justiciáveis. Busca-se, assim, lançar um olhar sobre os limites e potencialidades da interação entre sociedade civil e Estado e tratar das possibilidades de leis que tratam de direitos sociais alcançarem força normativa em um país marcado por profundas desigualdades. Para a consecução deste trabalho, procedeu-se a uma revisão da literatura sobre os movimentos por acesso a moradia e infraestrutura urbana e o movimento pela reforma urbana no Brasil; à leitura de documentos produzidos pelo Fórum Nacional de Reforma Urbana e de publicações de entidades ligadas ao Fórum notadamente do Instituto Pólis e da Federação de Órgãos para Assistência Social e Educacional (FASE); e à realização de entrevistas com atores envolvidos com a luta pela reforma urbana. Visando a, de alguma forma, medir os impactos do Estatuto da Cidade, recorreu-se ao estudo dos planos diretores feitos ao longo da última década no país sob a égide da Lei n 10.257. A fonte básica consultada foi o material produzido sobre a elaboração e aplicação dos planos diretores em cidades de todos os estados brasileiros no projeto Rede de Avaliação e Capacitação para a Implementação dos Planos Diretores Participativos. Fez-se também uma análise de decisões judiciais que envolviam os preceitos previstos no Estatuto da Cidade, obtidas junto aos sites dos tribunais de justiça estaduais e da Justiça Federal.